2013

Pre-Proceedings of WSCN’ 13 December 13-16, 2013, Jeddah, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia

Sensor Network and

Cellular System

Second Symposium on Wireless Sensors and Cellular Networks (WSCN’ 2013)

Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems Research Center at University of Tabuk

Welcome

His Excellency Dr. Abdulaziz Saud Alanazy Rector of the University of Tabuk Honored guests, Distinguished speakers and attendees. Good day to everyone and thank you for joining us at the Second Symposium on Wireless Sensors and Cellular Networks 2013. . I bid you a very warm welcome to Jeddah. We are indeed privileged to have you here with us.

We have an excellent program to look forward to and to build on in the future. The continuous quest for knowledge and exchange of ideas, especially in a dynamic and important area such as wireless communication, is necessary. We will endeavor to make WSCN a unique forum that triggers innovation and pushes the frontiers of research and development. I hope your positive experience this time will drive you back to us next year for WSCN’14. Thank you all and I wish you all a very pleasant stay.

In Care of

His excellency Dr. Abdulaziz Saud Alnazy

Rector of the University of Tabuk

Steering Committee

Dr. Auwaidh H. H. Al-Atawi

Vice Rector for Post-Graduate Studies and Scientific Research

Dr.Abdullah Suliman Albalawi Vice Rector for Academic Affairs

Dr.Attiyah M. Alatawi

Vice Rector

Dr. Mohammed M. Al-Wakeel Vice Rector for Development and Quality

Dr.Daifallah Ghidhayyan Hamroo

Vice Rector for University Branches

Dr. Mohammed A. Asiri Dean of Scientific Research

Dr. Jamal Hamzah Madani Dean of Graduate Studies

Dr. Fahad M. Al Mutairi

Dean of College of Engineering

Dr.Fahad M. Al-Ali Dean of Faculty and Staff Affairs

Supporting Departments

Public Relations and Media Department

Legal Affairs Department Safety and Security Department

Financial Department Services Department Housing Department

Organizing Committee

Dr. Auwaidh H. H. Al-Atawi, Chair Dr. Mohamed Assiri, Vice Chair Dr. Mohammed M. Al-Wakeel

Dr. Mohammed A. Asiri Dr. Sami S. Al-Wakeel Dr. el-Hadi M. Aggoune

Planning Committee

Dr. Auwaidh H. H. Al-Atawi, Chair

Dr. el-Hadi M. Aggoune, Vice Chair Dr. Mohammed M. Al-Wakeel

Dr. Sami S. Al-Wakeel

Program Committee

Dr. Ayaz Arshad

Dr. Ismail Ben Mabrouk Mr. Mohammad A. Ud Din Mr. Mohamed R. Abaza

Technical Committee

Dr. Raed Mesleh Dr. Bilal Abu haija

Dr. Ahmad Besheer

Arrangement Committee

Mr. Faisal A. Al-Bashir Mr. Samih M. Osman

Mr. Zahoor A. Abdul Qadir

Workshops ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 WSN-to-the-Home: Wireless Sensor Networks for Daily Applications........................................................... 2 MIMO Transmission Optimization and Mode Selection for D2D ................................................................... 3 Wireless Sensor Networks for Ecosystem Monitoring and Port Surveillance ................................................ 4 Non-Stationary Wideband Channel Models for Massive MIMO Systems ...................................................... 5 An Autistic child Monitor and Assistant System ............................................................................................. 6 A New Hybrid MC/SC Transmitter for LTE-A .................................................................................................. 7 Centroid Neural Network for Wireless Sensor Networks ............................................................................... 8 Emerging Applications of Sensor Networks ................................................................................................... 9 On the Probability Distribution of Aggregate Impulsive Interference in Wireless Networks....................... 10 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Sensors in Obstructed Localization ........................................................................ 11 A Systematic Review of Security in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ................................................................... 12 Challenges and Perspectives on 5G .............................................................................................................. 13 Sense of Space: Mapping Physiological Emotion and environmental parameters in Urban Space ............. 14 Adaptive Statistical Broadcast in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ..................................................................... 15 Optical Wireless Communication - Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions .............................................. 16 Shedding Lights on Future Wireless Communications ................................................................................. 17 Mobile Innovations for Transportation Applications ................................................................................... 18 A Novel Framework for MIMO Techniques Performance Analysis over Generalized Fading Channels ....... 19 Customization of On-Line Real-Time Operating System Scheduler for Wireless Sensors Powered ............ 20 OFDMA Subcarrier Allocation in Mobile Wireless Cellular Networks – Genetic Algorithm Approach......... 20 Performance Enhancement of BPSK Modulation Using Hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM ............................... 21 Smarthome based on wireless sensor network: design and technology ..................................................... 21 Key Management and Secure Routing for Mobile Heterogeneous Sensor Networks ................................. 22 A low-Cost Wireless Surveillance Over Cellular Networks Using Sparse Representation ............................ 22 A Strong and Reliable Backbone Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks ............................................. 23 Energy Efficient Multipath Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks ............................................ 23 Fundamentals of Cryptography and Information Security ........................................................................... 24 A Virtual Manager for VANET's..................................................................................................................... 24 Downlink LTE Multi Cell Capacity: A Performance Analysis in the Presence of ICI and Reuse-1 Plan .......... 25 Extending Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime by Relocating of Base Station using Harmony ...................... 25 Wireless Sensor Networks with Dynamic Nodes for Water and Crop Health Management ....................... 26 Soft computing Techniques for Resource Management of Heterogeneous Network ................................. 26 MIMO-UWB Wireless Sensors for Underground Mine Gallery .................................................................... 27 Feasibility of a Millimeter-Wave MIMO System for Short-Range Wireless Communication ...................... 27 Spatial Diversity and Multi Hop in FSO Communication over Turbulence Channels ................................... 28 Real Time Monitoring for Offshore Oil and Gas Pipelines using Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ... 28 Panel Discussions .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Demos ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 Receptions and Ceremonies ......................................................................................................................... 31 Tours ............................................................................................................................................................. 32 Helpful Information ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Road map from airport to Royal Radisson Blue Hotel .................................................................................. 34

1

Workshops

Creating a Wireless Network

Dr. Raed Mesleh

With OPNET’s Wireless functionality, one can model

both terrestrial and satellite radio systems. In this

workshop you will (1) use OPNET Modeler and Wireless

modeling to create a radio network; (2) observe

variations in the quality of received signal that results

from radio noise at the receiving node in a dynamic

network topology; and (3) design a simple radio network

with a mobile jammer node and two stationary

communications nodes; and (4) experiment with the

differences in the SNR of the network when the

stationary nodes use an isotropic antenna versus a

directional antenna. Workshop Objectives: Workshop attendees will learn

how to create a radio network with a mobile jamming

node. As well, they will also perform the following tasks.

1. Use a new type of link, the radio link, and a new

type of node, the mobile node

2. Use the Antenna Pattern Editor to create a

directional antenna pattern

3. Define the trajectory of a mobile node

4. Use the Probe Editor to gather different types of

statistics

5. Execute parametric simulations

6. Use the time controller to step through time values

and relate node positions and results

Simulation of Vehicular Ad-hoc

Network using NS2

M. Bouhorma

A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of two or

more nodes equipped with wireless communications

which may be referred to as an infrastructure-less

mobile network. A Vehicular Ad-Hoc network is a

form of Mobile ad-hoc Networks, to provide

communication among nearby vehicles and between

vehicles and nearby fixed equipment on the roadside.

VANETs can be used for many applications with

vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure

(V2I) communications. The main goal of VANET is to

provide road safety applications and comfort for

passengers. Each vehicle equipped with VANET

device will be a node in the Ad-hoc network and can

receive and relay safety warning information, collision

warning. The VANET are characterized by a very high

node mobility and limited degrees of freedom in the

mobility patterns. The architecture of VANET consists

of three categories: Pure cellular/WLAN, Pure Ad hoc

and hybrid.

Proposal of a tutorial in the form of a workshop:

Simulation for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network using NS2

Performance of some routing protocols used in

VANET are analyzed and compared in three different

node density i.e. 5, 10 and 25 nodes with respect to

various parameters like mobility, Throughput and End

to End delay in VANETs.

2

WSN-to-the-Home: Wireless Sensor

Networks for Daily Applications

Dr. Hicham H. Hallal

Fahad Bin Sultan University, KSA

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has become an integral

part of many applications that affect our daily lives in

various aspects. Currently, WSN based solutions are

being increasingly used in sectors like health

management, traffic control, agricultural development,

and many other fields. In this paper, we present an

overview of the current research and development

activities in the Networked Embedded Applications

Group at Fahad Bin Sultan University to integrate WSN

applications in many practical contexts in Saudi Arabia.

The paper also presents an overview of the main

challenges to guarantee correct and efficient

implementations of large scale WSN based solutions. We

present ongoing research work on developing a robust

framework for the analysis of WSN applications.

Dr. Hicham H. Hallal is Assistant

Professor and Chair of Electrical

Engineering at Fahad Bin Sultan

University in Tabuk, KSA since

October 2010. The research and

teaching activities of Dr. Hallal

include formal methods applied to

the analysis of distributed

systems, embedded system design

and applicability, computer and network security,

cryptography, artificial intelligence and data mining,

design and analysis of wireless sensor networks,

mathematical modeling of concurrent systems and

control of discrete event systems, digital system

design, signals and systems and communication

systems, and project management. Between the years

2000 and 2009, Dr. Hallal worked in the distributed

system analysis group at the Computer Research

Institute of Montreal (CRIM) as research officer and

senior research officer. During his stay at CRIM, he

participated in, several research projects related to the

analysis of distributed systems, model inference and

analysis of web based business applications, and

automated planning. Many of the projects were

executed jointly with industrial partners including

Siemens AG, Munich; SAP Labs, SAP Research, and

Research and Development of Defense Canada. Dr

Hallal continues to work with CRIM as adjunct

researcher in the advanced software modeling and

development group. Dr Hallal holds a Ph.D. and

Master’s degrees from the Department of Electrical

and Computer Engineering at McGill University,

Montreal, Canada.

3

MIMO Transmission Optimization and

Mode Selection for D2D

Dr. Kazem Sohraby

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA

Abstract

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is one of the

new features introduced for the next generation wireless

networks. In this research we address the problem of

communication mode selection and transmission

optimization. In particular we assume that the paired

UEs can choose from the reuse, dedicated, and cellular

modes. While this problem was treated in the literature

for Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) case, we derive

models for networks where UEs and evolved-Node-Bs

(eNBs) exploit Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)

techniques with multiple antennas at each side. This

approach requires design of the pre-coding matrices

at each node which pose a challenge in the reuse mode

due to the non-convexity problem. To solve this issue we

propose a distributed iterative algorithm. The numerical

study compares the performance of the MIMO based

approach with that of the SISO case, and the results show

that the MIMO based mode selection method provides

significantly higher network throughput than SISO based

mode selection method for the same D2D range.

Dr. Kazem Sohraby is

Professor and Head of

Department of Electrical and

Computer Engineering at the

South Dakota School of

Mines and Technology, a

premier engineering

school in the United States.

He also served as Professor

and department head in

the College of Engineering, University of Arkansas,

Fayetteville, and before joining University of

Arkansas, he served as the chair of Interdisciplinary

Telecommunications Management department at

Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New

Jersey. He was with the Mathematical Sciences

Research Center, Mathematics of Networks and

Systems, and with the Advanced Communications

Technologies at Bell Labs (AT&T and Lucent). He is

founder of Center for Advanced Computing and

Communications Research, and Networking

Research, College of Engineering, University of

Arkansas, and is a Principal Consultant on Defense

Information Systems Agency (DISA) projects. His

areas of interest include computer networking,

signaling, switching, performance analysis, and traffic

theory. He has over 20 pending and granted patents on

computer protocols, wireless and optical systems,

circuit and packet switched computer networks, and

Optical Internet. He has over 100 publications and

book chapter contributions, and is co-author of a book

on the performance and control of computer

communications networks. He served as the IEEE

Communications Society Director and served as its

president's representative on Committee on

Communications and Information Policy (CCIP), and

had been a Distinguished Lecturer of that Society. He

served as chair of several conferences in both ACM

and IEEE. He also served on the education committee

of the IEEE Communications Society, is on the

editorial boards of several publications, and panelist

and reviewer with the National Science Foundation,

US Army, and Natural Sciences and Engineering

Research Council of Canada. He received PhD, MS,

and BS (high honors) all in Electrical Engineering,

and his MBA from the Wharton School, University of

Pennsylvania.

4

Wireless Sensor Networks for Ecosystem

Monitoring and Port Surveillance

Dr. Ali Mansour

ENSTA Bretagne, France

Abstract

Providing a wide variety of the most up-to-date

innovations in sensor technology and sensor networks,

our current project should achieve two major goals. The

first goal covers various issues related to the public

maritime transport safety and security, such as the coastal

and port surveillance systems. While the second one will

improve the capacity of public authorities to develop and

implement smart environment policies by monitoring the

shallow coastal water ecosystems. At this stage of our

project, a surveillance platform has been already installed

near the “Molène Island” which is a small but the largest

island of an archipelago of many islands located off the

West coast of Brittany in North Western France. Our final

objective is to add various sensors as well as to design,

develop and implement new algorithms to extend the

capacity of the existing platform and reach the goals of

our project.

This manuscript describes the whole project by focusing

on the variety of used sensors and it will briefly introduce

the most important required theoretical approaches such

as: Active and Passive tomography techniques, blind

signal processing, High Order Statistics (HOS),

classification algorithms and data fusion methods which

will be applied to build up an original and reliable system

able to perform a sustainable and long term monitoring of

coastal marine ecosystems and to enhance port

surveillance capability. Using networks of hybrid wireless

sensors and advanced signal and image processing

techniques, the new system will be able to address the

shortcomings of traditional approaches based on

measuring environmental parameters, which are

expensive and fail to provide adequate large-scale

monitoring.

Keywords

Sensor Network, Advanced Sensors, Complex

Surveillance Systems, Immerse Platform, Innovation

Technology, Underwater Ecosystem; Passive and Active

Acoustics

Dr. Ali Mansour received his

M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in

Signal, Image and Speech

Processing from the "Institut

National Polytechnique de

Grenoble - INPG (Grenoble,

France) on July 1993 and

January 1997, respectively, and

his HDR degree (Habilitation a

Diriger des Recherches. In the

French system, this is the highest of the higher

degrees) on November 2006 from the Universite de

Bretagne Occidentale -UBO (Brest, France). His

research interests are in the areas of blind separation

of sources, high-order statistics, signal processing,

passive acoustics, cognitive radio, robotics and

telecommunication.

From January 1997 to July 1997, he held a POST-

DOC position at Laboratoire de Traitement d'Images

et Reconnaissance de Forme (INPG Grenoble,

France). From August 1997 to September 2001, he

was a RESEARCH SCIENTIST at the Bio-Mimetic

Control Research Center (BMC) at the Institut of

Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Nagoya,

Japan. From October 2001 to January 2008, he was

holding a TEACHER-RESEARCHER position at the

Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs des Etudes

et Techniques d'Armement (ENSIETA), Brest, France.

From February 2008 to August 2010, he was a

SENIOR-LECTURER at the Department of Electrical

and Computer Engineering at Curtin University of

Technology (ECE-Curtin Uni.), Perth, Australia.

During January 2009, he held an INVITED

PROFESSOR position at the Universite du Littoral

Cote d'Opale, Calais, France. From September 2010

till June 2012, he was a PROFESSOR at University of

Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA. He served as the ELECTRICAL

DEPARTMENT HEAD at the University of Tabuk.

Since September 2012, he has been a PROFESSOR at

Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées

Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Brest, France. He is the

author and the co-author of three books and the first

author of several papers published in international

journals.

5

Non-Stationary Wideband Channel

Models for Massive MIMO Systems

Cheng-Xiang Wang

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK

Abstract

In this paper, based on a proposed non-stationary

wideband multi-confocal ellipse channel model for

massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)

communication systems, we further propose a

corresponding simulation model. In the proposed massive

MIMO channel models, we have considered spherical

wavefront, instead of the plane wavefront assumption

used in conventional MIMO channel models, and

incorporated a birth-death process to capture the dynamic

properties of clusters on both the array and time axes.

Statistical properties of the massive MIMO channel

models, such as the spatial cross-correlation function and

temporal autocorrelation function, are derived and

investigated. Numerical results demonstrate that the

proposed channel models are able to capture key

characteristics of massive MIMO channels as observed in

measurements. Also, the proposed massive MIMO

simulation model can fit the theoretical model very well

in terms of all the interested statistical properties.

Prof. Cheng-Xiang Wang

received the BSc and MEng

degrees in communication and

information systems from

Shandong University, Shandong,

P. R. China, in 1997 and 2000,

respectively, and the PhD degree

in wireless communications from

Aalborg University, Aalborg,

Denmark, in 2004.

He has been with Heriot-Watt

University, Edinburgh, UK since 2005, and was

promoted to a Professor in Wireless Communications

in 2011. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the

University of Edinburgh, UK, a Chair Professor of

Shandong University, and a Guest Professor of

Southeast University, China. He was a Research

Fellow at the University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway,

from 2001-2005, a Visiting Researcher at Siemens

AG-Mobile Phones, Munich, Germany, in 2004, and a

Research Assistant at Technical University of

Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany, from 2000-

2001. His current research interests include wireless

channel modeling and measurements, green

communications, cognitive radio networks, vehicular

communication networks, massive MIMO, and

beyond 4G wireless communications. He has edited 1

book and published 1 book chapter and over 180

papers in refereed journals and conference

proceedings, including 5 invited keynote speeches and

10 invited papers.

Prof. Wang served or is serving as an Editor for 8

international journals including IEEE Transactions on

Vehicular Technology (2011-now) and IEEE

Transactions on Wireless Communications (2007-

2009). He was the leading Guest Editor for IEEE

Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,

Special Issue on Vehicular Communications and

Networks. He is also a Guest Editor for IEEE Journal

on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue

on Spectrum and Energy Efficient Design of Wireless

Communication Networks. He served or is serving as

a TPC member, TPC Chair, and General Chair for

more than 70 international conferences. He received

the Best Paper Awards from IEEE Globecom 2010,

IEEE ICCT 2011, ITST 2012, and IEEE VTC 2013-

Fall. He is a Fellow of the IET, a Senior Member of

the IEEE, and a Fellow of the HEA.

6

An Autistic child Monitor and Assistant

System

(AMAS)

Dr. Bassem Alhalabi, Sami S. Al-Wakeel, El-Hadi M

Aggoune, Muhmmad M. Al-Wakeel

Florida Atlantic University

Abstract

Autistic children often develop abnormal habits and in

some cases they could be unsafe or even dangerous to

themselves and their family members. For example some

autistic children are excessively hyperactive and tend to

sleep very little. The autistic child can wake up in the

middle of the night and wander in the house for an hour

while inexperienced parents are in a deep sleep. They can

pick up a harmful tool and hurt themselves or other

family members. These children are normally quiet and

speak very little, yet they learn and pick up certain

behaviors from movies and cartoons. Because of their

limited speech ability, their inexperienced parents may

underestimate their physical abilities compared to their

intellectual level and may not realize that they could

easily hurt themselves. Therefore the need for an

automatic alert system is great, and it will enhance the life

experience for both the autistic child and the family.

Keywords

Autism, Ambient Control, Child Safety, Repetitive

Motion.

Objectives

1. To create a safety device for autistic Children.

2. To help autistic child interrupt the unwanted cycles

of repetitive motions, which interferes with the child

normal brain development?

3. To enhance the family experience with their autistic

children.

Dr. Alhalabi’s primary

research focus is on the

development of pragmatic

industrial and educational

systems. Research interests

include Embedded

Systems, Web-based and

Smart Remote Controls,

Medical Devices, Distance

Education, and Remote

Labs. Currently, he is

developing smart healthcare devices to improve

general healthy living especially for elderly people

and autistic children. He conducted sponsored

research and has over 65+ publications in IEEE and

other institutions journals and conference

proceedings. He Co-founded the CADET research

center in 1999, and has been co-directing/ directing it

since.

Through his private company, Dr. Alhalabi has been

consulting for high-tech companies as well as

individual inventors and investors. He works on

various project stages: feasibility study, hardware and

software specification and design, system architecture

and integration, prototypes and proof of concepts,

technical writing and design for patentability, and

design for production.

Dr. Alhalabi received a BS and an MS in electrical

engineering from Ohio University and Purdue

University, respectively, and an MS and a PhD in

computer engineering from the University of

Louisiana at Lafayette. He holds a US patent and

others are pending. He is a member of IEEE and 6

other professional organizations and 6 honor and

special recognition societies. Dr. Alhalabi has

received 16 academic awards such as Outstanding

Professor of the Year.

7

A New Hybrid MC/SC Transmitter for

LTE-A

Dr. Imran Baig

Federal Urdu University of Arts

Science and Technology, Pakistan

Abstract

3rd Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution

Advanced (LTE-A) has been designed to provide more

efficient use of radio network. The LTE-A provides multi-

megabit bandwidth, latency reduction and higher data rate

with improved mobility. The physical layer of LTE-A is

based on Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple

Access (SC-FDMA) for its uplink communication and

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

(OFDMA) for its downlink communication. The main

advantage of using SC-FDMA over OFDMA is its low

Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) characteristic. On

the other hand, SC-FDMA loses all the advantages of

multicarrier modulation. To overcome the problem of

high PAPR in LTE-A (Release 12 and beyond) uplink

transmitter, this paper present a hybrid Discrete-Sine

Transform (DST) matrix precoding based Multi Carrier

(MC) uplink transmitter with improved PAPR and Bit-

Error rate (BER). Computer simulation results show that

the proposed LTE-A transmitter is better than those of

traditional OFDMA based transmitter. Additionally, the

proposed precoding based transmitter may take the

advantage of frequency variations in the communication

channel and can offer substantial performance gain in

fading multipath channel.

Keywords

Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-

Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-

FDMA), Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Bit-Error

rate (BER), Discrete-Sine Transform (DST) matrix

Dr. Imran Baig received a

M.Sc. degree in Computer

Engineering from the

University of Engineering

and Technology, Taxilla,

Pakistan, in 2005, and a

Ph.D. degree in Electrical

and Electronic Engineering

from the Universiti Teknologi

PETRONAS, Malaysia in

2012. Since 2005 Dr. Imran Baig has been with the

department of Computer Science and Electrical

Engineering at Federal Urdu University of Arts,

Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, where

he has been now working as Assistant Professor.

Dr. Imran Baig’s research interests cover many

aspects of the physical, medium access, and

networking layers of wireless communications with a

special emphasis on cellular radio networks, mobile

ad hoc and sensor networks and internet security. Dr.

Imran Baig authored and coauthored about 17 journal

papers, 1 book chapter and 10 conference papers;

these papers have received more than 200 citations.

Dr. Imran Baig was awarded as one of Top 100

World’s Best Scientists 2013 by IBC, Cambridge,

England. His name is also included in the Marquis

Who’s Who booklet for years 2013 and 2014. Dr.

Imran Baig is an editor for ITEE journal. Dr. Imran

Baig is a Member of International Association of

Engineers (IAENG), Hong Kong. He has been also

serving as a designated reviewer for many reputed

journals of IEEE, Elsevier, IET and Springer.

8

Centroid Neural Network for

Wireless Sensor Networks

Dr. Dong-Chul Park

Myong Ji University, KOREA

Abstract

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a physical

system consists of a few to hundreds or thousands

of sensor nodes. Regardless of how a WSN is

designed, each sensor node collects information

about its environmental conditions including

remaining battery life, user data, temperature,

sound, and pressure. These collected data are then

transmitted to a base station over a limited data

bandwidth and energy resource. Since there may

exist thousands of nodes, this kind of work

consumes lots of energy and can overload

bandwidth when many nodes send and receive data

at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to have

an effective routing protocol for wireless sensor

networks.

Among several researches on routing protocols for

WSN reported, LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive

Clustering Hierarchy) can successfully minimize the

energy consumption required to create and maintain

clusters in order to improve the life time of a

wireless sensor network by selecting the cluster

heads stochastically and clustering nodes into

groups based on these cluster heads.

Although LEACH has some advantages such as

reducing the amount of transmitted data, extending

system life time or improving system performance

capacity, there is room for improvement because of

the grouping is not optimal. Since LEACH selects

cluster heads stochastically, the cluster head

positions after the cluster formation process may not

at the center of their groups. Therefore, in this case

cluster heads require much more energy to transmit

data from their group nodes than one at the center

position.

This paper proposes an innovative energy saving

method for WSN using an unsupervised clustering

algorithm in order to perform clustering of nodes

and selecting the cluster heads. The proposed LEC-

CNN (Low-Energy Clustering using CNN) finds

clusters of sensor nodes optimally by using Centroid

Neural Network and follows the selection method

for cluster heads from LEACH algorithm.

Keywords

wireless sensor networks, unsupervised learning,

energy consumption, clustering, neural network

Dr. Park received his B.S. degree in

Electronics Engineering

from Sogang University in 1980,

the M.S. degree in Electrical and

Electronic Engineering form the

Korea Advanced Institute of

Science and Technology (KAIST)

in 1982, and the Ph. D. degree in

Electrical Engineering from the

University of Washington, Seattle,

in June 1990. After his study. he

joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical and

Computer Engineering at Florida International

University (the State University of Florida at Miami ) in

August 1990. Since 1994, he has been with the School of

Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the MyongJi

University, where he is currently a Professor.

Dr. Park has served as an Associate Editor for

the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks since 1997 and

is Senior Member at IEEE. Dr. Park has published over 18

archival journal papers and 50 proceeding papers in the

areas of Neural Network algorithms , communication traffic

routing, satellite equalizer design, ATM traffic prediction,

image compression, signal processing , and electric load

forecasting. He is a pioneer in the area of Neural Network

application power systems Dr. Park has been selected for

incursion in 'Marquis Who's Who in Science and

Engineering , Millennium Edition', 'Marquis Who's Who

in America, Science and Engineering, 5th Edition',

' Marquis Who's Who in the World, 18th Edition(2001)',

and 'Marquis Who's Who in America, Science and

Engineering, 6th Edition (2001)', 'Marquis Who's

Who in Science

and Engineering 8th Edition(2005~2006), 9th Edition(2006

~2007)', 'Marquis Who's Who in Asia 1st Edition(2007)' .

His current research interest includes development of

Neural Network algorithms and its application to various

engineering problems including financial engineering areas,

large scale communication routing, and channel

equalization in satellite communication, image

compression, speech recognition, and pattern recognition.

Dr. Park has also been involved with the research on the

application of Neural Networks to financial prediction and

analysis. Dr. Park also holds a position of CTO at Neuro

Solutions Co., where he helps to develop Fraud Detection

System for Credit card Companies.

9

Emerging Applications of Sensor

Networks

Mohammad Ilyas, PhD

Florida Atlantic University, USA

Abstract

The field of sensor networks continues to evolve and

their applications continue to grow as well. A sensor

network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that

may be randomly and densely deployed for numerous

applications such as healthcare, agricultural,

environment, transportation, and energy. Sensor nodes

are small electronic components capable of sensing

many types of information from their surroundings

including temperature, light, humidity, radiation, the

presence or nature of biological organisms, geological

features, seismic vibrations, specific types of computer

data, and more. Recent advancements have made it

possible to make these components small, powerful, and

energy efficient. The sensor nodes are very small in size

and are capable of gathering, processing, and

communicating information to other nodes and to the

outside world. Based on the information handling

capabilities and compact size of the sensor nodes, sensor

networks are often referred to as “smart dust”.

Sensor networks research and development derives

many concepts and protocols from distributed

communication networks such as the Internet. However,

based on their applications, there are unique technical

aspects that need to be addressed. This paper is expected

to capture the current state of sensor networks and their

applications in energy, transportation, healthcare,

agriculture, environment, and disaster management.

Keywords

Sensor networks, information management, ambient

technologies, smart systems

Dr. Mohammad Ilyas is

Interim Dean and Professor in

the College of Engineering

and Computer Science at

Florida Atlantic University,

Boca Raton, Florida. He

received his B.Sc. degree in

Electrical Engineering from

the University of Engineering

and Technology, Lahore,

Pakistan, in 1976. From

March 1977 to September

1978, he worked for the Water

and Power Development Authority, Pakistan. In 1978,

he was awarded a scholarship for his graduate studies

and he completed his MS degree in Electrical and

Electronic Engineering in June 1980 at Shiraz

University, Shiraz, Iran. In September 1980, he joined

the doctoral program at Queen's University in

Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He completed his Ph.D.

degree in 1983. His doctoral research was about

switching and flow control techniques in computer

communication networks. Since September 1983, he

has been with the College of Engineering and

Computer Science at Florida Atlantic University. From

1994 to 2000, he was Chair of the Department of

Computer Science and Engineering. From July 2004 to

September 2005, he served as Interim Associate Vice

President for Research and Graduate Studies. During

1993-94 academic year, he was on his sabbatical leave

with the Department of Computer Engineering, King

Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Ilyas has conducted successful research in various

areas including traffic management and congestion

control in broadband / high-speed communication

networks, traffic characterization, wireless

communication networks, performance modeling, and

simulation. He has published one book, twenty five

handbooks, and over 170 research articles. He has

supervised 11 PhD dissertations and more than 38 MS

theses to completion. He has been a consultant to

several national and international organizations. Dr.

Ilyas is an active participant in several IEEE Technical

committees and activities. Dr. Ilyas is a senior member

of IEEE and a member of ASEE.

10

On the Probability Distribution of

Aggregate Impulsive Interference in

Wireless Networks

Valentine AAlo, PhD

Florida Atlantic University, USA

Abstract

The central limit theorem fails to accurately describe the

aggregate signal that is observed in many practical

wireless networks. In such networks the signal of

interest is an aggregation of many fluctuating impulsive

non-Gaussian signals t can be modeled as an alpha-

stable random process. For example, in wireless and ad

hoc networks that operate in a fading/shadowing

environment with a Poisson interference field, the

aggregate interference can be modeled as an α-stable

process with a well-known characteristic function. The

aggregated traffic in networks that exhibit self-similar

impulsiveness can be characterized by a non-Gaussian

distribution. The statistical phenomenon in the above

mentioned systems, among others, can be characterized

by a α-stable random process. However, except for some

very special cases of the characteristic exponent α of the

stable process that correspond to the Gaussian, Cauchy

and Pearson distributions, the statistical distribution of a

non-Gaussian α-stable process is not available in closed-

form. We present the probability distribution of the

aggregate impulsive interference for an arbitrary value

of α in terms of the Fox’s H-function. The derived

statistical distribution is useful in evaluating the

performances of the system.

Keywords

Aggregate interference, stable distribution, characteristic

exponent, Fox’s H-function, heavy-tail distribution.

Valentine A. Aalo was born in

Nigeria on March 23, 1959. He

received the B.S., M.S., and

Ph.D. degrees from Southern

Illinois University, Carbondale,

in 1984, 1986, and 1991,

respectively, all in electrical

engineering.

Since 1991, he has been with

the faculty at Florida Atlantic

University, Boca Raton, where he is currently a

professor in the Department of Computer & Electrical

Engineering and Computer Science. He spent the

summers of 1994 and 1995 with The Satellite

Communications and Networking Group at Rome

Laboratory, Griffiss Air Force Base, Rome, New York,

as a Faculty Research Associate. His current research

interests include the areas of wireless communications,

channel modeling, diversity techniques, cooperative

relay networks, wireless sensor networks, and radar

signal processing.

Dr. Aalo is a member of Tau Beta Pi and several IEEE

societies. From 2000 to 2011, he served as Associate

Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

COMMUNICATIONS.

.

11

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Sensors in

Obstructed Localization

Ali Hussein Muqaibel, PhD

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KSA

Abstract

Ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is a promising

technology in indoor localization. The large bandwidth

translates to high resolution in time domain. The low

frequency content supports better penetration of walls

and obstructions. This makes UWB technology an

excellent candidate for through-the-wall positioning and

imaging applications. When augmented with sensor

network technology, the localization accuracy can be

dramatically enhanced. Anticipated applications include

multi-target tracking and shadowed regions localization.

Due to the special signal characteristics and channel

model compared with narrowband technology, there

have been many publications in the area of UWB sensor

networks, including cooperative algorithms. This paper

introduces the special features of UWB sensor networks

and highlights the possible applications and future

research directions with emphases on obstructed

localization

Keywords

Ultra wide band (UWB), Localization, Non-line-of-sight

(LOS), though-the-wall, obstructed propagation,

positioning, sensor networks.

Ali Hussein Muqaibel (M’03–

SM’12) received the B.Sc. and

M.Sc. degrees from King Fahd

University of Petroleum and

Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran,

Saudi Arabia, in 1996 and 1999,

respectively, and the Ph.D. degree

from Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University (Virginia

Tech), Blacksburg, in 2003.

During his study at Virginia Tech,

he was with both the Time Domain and RF

Measurements Laboratory and the Mobile and Portable

Radio Research Group. He is currently an associate

professor with the Electrical Engineering Department,

KFUPM. His main area of interest includes

localization, channel characterization and Ultra

Wideband (UWB) signal processing. He was a visiting

associate professor at Villanova University; Villanova,

PA, USA with the Center of Advanced

Communications (CAC) in summer 2013.He is the

author of two book chapters and more than 50 articles.

He is an Associate Editor of the Arabian Journal for

Science and Engineering. Dr. Muqaibel received many

awards in the Excellence in teaching, advising and

instructional technology.

12

A Systematic Review of Security in

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Abdul Hanan Abdullah

University Technology Malaysian

Abstract

Currently, Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is a

promising networking technology to support humans

gain access to information without being limited by

place and time. This technology is expected to improve

safety transportation in the highway. Many research

articles, which track and review the existing works of

addressing the safety issue in VANET, have been

published. Unfortunately, instead presented the articles

in a systematic manner, a traditional narrative review has

been considered in the articles. The traditional narrative

review uses an implicit method to present evidences to

support the statements within the articles. As a result,

readers of the articles are difficult to know about the

details of the research achievements comprehensively

and unbiasedly. To solve the problem, this paper

presents a systematic literature review to provide

comprehensive and unbiased information about various

current model security conceptions, proposals, problems

and solutions in VANET for safety transportation. For

the purpose of writing of this paper, a total of 258

articles related to the security model in VANET

published between 2004 and 2013 were extracted from

the most relevant scientific sources (IEEE Computer

Society, ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar,

ScienceDirect, and the SCOPUS Database). However,

only 35 articles were eventually analyzed due to several

reasons such as relevancy and comprehensiveness of

discussion presented in the articles. Using the systematic

method of review, this paper succeeds to reveal the main

security threats, challenges for security, security

requirement in VANET and future research within this

scope.

Keywords

Security, Authentication, Privacy, VANET, Systematic

Literature Review

Obtained his PhD degree

from Aston University in

Birmingham, United

Kingdom in 1995, M.Sc

and B.Sc from University of

San Francisco,

California. Abdul Hanan is a

Senior Professor at Faculty

of Computing, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia. He has

been the dean at the Faculty of Computing for seven

years from 2004 to 2011. Currently he is heading

Pervasive Computing Research Group (PCRG), a

research group under K-Economy Research Alliances

and also senior members of IEEE and ACM. His

research interests include grid / cloud computing,

wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks,

network security and next generation networks. He has

professional experience serving as Chief of Editor IJ-

CLOSER and several international journals as an

editor.

13

Challenges and Perspectives on 5G

Xiaofeng Tao

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Abstract

Since 1981 when the 1st generation mobile networks

(1G) emerged, a new generation of mobile networks has

appeared approximately every 10th year. After 4G

systems were standardized in 2012, a new surge of

research activities for 5G has been lunched by both

academics and industries. The requirements of 5G can

be summarized as follows. Firstly, for 5G, the capacity

needs to be significantly improved to satisfy the

explosively increasing data traffic requirement,

especially after the emergences of smart-phones and

tablet PCs. Secondly, 5G needs to connect “everything”

anywhere and anytime with heterogeneous wireless

networks to satisfy various communication

requirements. Currently, some new technologies, such

as, massive MIMO, full duplex, ultra-dense network,

mm-waves communication and so on, have been

regarded as potential candidates for 5G.

Next, we will discuss the challenges faced by 5G and

provide some perspectives on 5G.

One of the biggest challenges faced by 5G is that there is

little room for larger channel bandwidths and new

frequency bands suitable for land-mobile radio. New

technologies are needed to explore the new high-

frequency (e.g., exceeding 60GHz) wideband (e.g., up to

several GHz) spectrums. Fortunately, compressed

sensing provides a promising method to sample the

wideband and discrete-band signals at sub-Nyquist

sampling rate.

We propose to use the high-density aggregation

heterogeneous network deployment, where software-

defined networking (SDN) and cognitive networking

will be evolved to control the data routing and assist

them.

Keywords

5G, Compressed sensing, Multi-user information theory,

high-density aggregation heterogeneous network

deployment, General Purpose Processor (GPP) based

software-defined radio.

Xiaofeng Tao received

his B.S degree in

electrical engineering

from Xi’an Jiaotong

University, China, in

1993, and M.S.E.E. and

Ph.D. degrees in

telecommunication

engineering from Beijing

University of Posts and

Telecommunications

(BUPT) in 1999 and 2002, respectively. He was a

visiting Professor at Stanford University from 2009 to

2011, chief architect of Chinese National FuTURE 4G

TDD working group from 2003 to 2006 and

established 4G TDD CoMP trial network in 2006. He is

currently a Professor at BUPT, Fellow of IET, the

inventor or co-inventor of 50 patents, the author or co-

author of 120 papers, in 4G and beyond 4G.

14

Sense of Space: Mapping Physiological

Emotion and environmental parameters

in Urban Space

Eiman Kanjo

King Saud University

Abstract

The convergence of pervasive, stream, and cloud

computing, with advances in sensor technology and

signal processing, provides a platform for a wide range

of innovative applications based on a more-refined

understanding of the users state, wherever they may be

and whatever they might be doing. Recent developments

have made it possible to infer affective (emotional)

states of users from scent, gestures, facial expressions,

and even from mobile network datasets, and these

signals can be continuously detected in a pervasive

environment in which our bodies, clothing, and physical

surroundings including pollution and weather conditions

are saturated with sensors. There is overwhelming

evidence that people will trade this data in order to

receive value-added services or derive other social

benefits. There is equal evidence that some application

or service providers will appropriate what is essentially

personal data and aggregate it, privatize it, or data-mine

it, with potentially disturbing implications for individual

and collective privacy. Ideally, we would leverage these

technological advances to provide smarter pervasive

applications that impact people lives in urban areas,

without compromising social constructs such as privacy

and other civil liberties.

Gradually, we are hoping to take mobile sensing beyond

the recognition of physically observable human

behaviors or environmental context. Our aim is to

develop techniques that allow devices to infer the

internal mental state of users. We have anticipated that

the combination of these advances opens the door for

new innovative research and will lead to the

development of sensing applications that are likely to

revolutionize a large number of existing business sectors

and ultimately significantly impact our everyday lives.

In this article we present a high level description of few

mobile sensing scenarios that have emerged through our

work in this research area over the past and present at

the personal, situational and city levels. In particular we

will present the following projects CityMood,

PollutionSpy, NeuroPlace, mFeel, Shopmobia and

ViralNet

Keywords

Mobile Sensing, Pervasive Computing, Wireless Sensor

Network, Affective Computing, Citizen Science.

Eiman Kanjo coined the phrase

Mobile Sensing and written some

of the earliest papers on the

subject GeoMobSens and

Mobsens. She has also built the

first noise monitoring system

using the phone' microphone

[NoiseSpy]. Her current work on Mobile Affective

Sensing and Urban City Mood complements her work

on environmental monitoring in order to make sense of

a place NeuroPlace, UrbanCityMood, mFeel.

Eiman Kanjo Ph.D. is an associate professor at the

Department of Information systems, College of

Computer and Information Sciences at King Saud

University. Prior to joining Eiman worked as a Senior

Lecturer at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge. Also

she worked for more than three years as Research

Associate in Mobile Sensing research area at the

Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge. She

was also a member of Cambridge eScience Centre

(CeSC). Eiman worked at the MRL (Mixed Reality

Lab), Computer Science, University of Nottingham in

the area of Pervasive Computing, location based games

and mobile development. She has also worked as a

researcher and developer in ICCAVE (the International

Centre for Computer Games and Virtual Entertainment,

University of Abertay Dundee carrying out research

work in the “Interactive Toys and board Games

project” which is sponsored by the Scottish Enterprise

under the Proof of Concept Program. Eiman wrote

many journal and conference papers and holds the

patent Object Tracking System. She earned her PhD

from the Computer Science department, University of

Abertay Dundee, UK, in the area of Pervasive and

Tangible interfaces based on Computer Vision in 2005.

She also worked as a research visitor at Evolaris-Graz,

Austria in Summer 2011.

15

Adaptive Statistical Broadcast in

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Imaduldin Mahgoub

College of Engineering and Computer Science

Florida Atlantic University

Boca Raton, Florida, USA

Abstract

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) data

dissemination applications are likely to rely on multi-

hop wireless broadcast as a key communications

method. Implementation of multi-hop broadcast by

blindly retransmitting broadcast packets (flooding) is

inefficient and can quickly saturate the network, a

condition known as a broadcast storm. VANETs present

several challenges to multi-hop broadcast protocols. For

example, the relatively high mobility can cause node

density, node distribution pattern, and channel quality to

change rapidly. On isolated highways, vehicles are

constrained along one dimensional path. In regions with

many nearby roads, vehicles may appear more uniformly

distributed in two dimensions. Broadcast protocols for

VANET must be capable of adapting to all these

different scenarios.

Several multi-hop broadcast algorithms have been

proposed, which can be broadly classified into

topological and statistical. Topological protocols use the

network topology to select rebroadcasting nodes. In

VANETs, this can be a problem, since overhead

messaging used to discover network topology may

become a significant load on the network bandwidth. On

the other hand statistical broadcast protocols typically do

not use this rapidly changing neighborhood information.

They measure the value of one or more locally available

variables and make a decision to rebroadcast based on a

comparison of the measured value to a threshold value.

Because of the nature of VANET, statistical methods are

a promising platform for multi-hop broadcast. The

challenge then is to design a statistical protocol that

exhibits high efficiency while achieving required

reachability levels across the broad range of vehicular

networking conditions. This presentation addresses this

challenge by discussing novel adaptive statistical multi-

hop broadcast solutions for VANET.

Keyword:

Wireless broadcast, statistical broadcast, broadcast

storm, VANET

Imad Mahgoub is a full professor

of Computer Science and

Engineering and director of

Tecore Networks Laboratory for

Wireless and Mobile

Communications at Florida

Atlantic University and an

affiliate researcher at the SNCS

research center, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. His

research interests include mobile computing, vehicular

ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, healthcare

technologies, and parallel and distributed systems. He

has published four books and over 145 papers. Dr.

Mahgoub research has been funded by federal

government agencies and the industry including NSF,

Tecore Networks, FAU-NSF I/UCRC, DoD, Motorola,

Xpoint Technologies, and IBM. He is in the editorial

board of the International Journal of Communication

Systems. He served on the editorial board of the

International Journal of Computers and Applications

and the Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile

Communications. He is a member of the steering

committee of the International Symposium on

Performance Evaluation of Computer and

Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS). He served as

vice chair, track chair, posters chair, publicity chair,

and program committee member for several

international conferences and symposia. He is a senior

member of the IEEE. He is also a member of the IEEE

Computer Society and the IEEE Communications

Society. His email address is mahgoubi@fau.edu.

16

Optical Wireless Communication -

Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions

Murat Uysal

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract

Today, the term “wireless” is used almost synonymously

with radio-frequency (RF) technologies as a result of the

wide-scale deployment and utilization of wireless RF

devices and systems. The RF band of the

electromagnetic spectrum, spanning from around 30 kHz

to 300 GHz, is fundamentally limited in capacity and

costly, i.e., as most sub-bands are exclusively licensed.

With the ever-growing popularity of data-heavy wireless

communications, the demand for RF spectrum is

outstripping supply and the time has come to seriously

consider other viable options for wireless

communication using the upper parts of the

electromagnetic spectrum for applications where access

to huge bandwidth is a requirement.

Utilization of the optical band of the electromagnetic

spectrum for wireless transmission opens doors of

opportunity in areas as yet largely unexplored. Optical

frequencies range from 300 GHz to 300 petahertz (PHz)

and include infrared, visible and ultraviolet bands – a

spectral range that dwarfs the 300 GHz that the RF band

represents. Optical wireless communication (OWC)

systems offer significant technical and operational

advantages such as higher bandwidth capacity,

robustness to electromagnetic interference, inherent

security, low power requirements and unregulated

spectrum. Variations of OWC can be employed in a

diverse range of communication applications ranging

from very short-range (on the order of millimeters)

optical interconnects within integrated circuits through

outdoor inter-building links (on the order of kilometers)

to satellite communications (larger than 10,000

kilometers).

Keywords

Optical wireless communication, free space optical

communication, atmospheric turbulence, fading,

diversity

Murat Uysal was born in

Istanbul, Turkey in 1973. He

received the B.Sc. and the

M.Sc. degree in electronics

and communication

engineering from Istanbul

Technical University, Istanbul,

Turkey, in 1995 and 1998,

respectively, and the Ph.D.

degree in electrical engineering from Texas A&M

University, College Station, Texas, in 2001. Dr. Uysal

is currently a Full Professor and Head of the

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

at Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey. Prior to

joining Ozyegin University, he was a tenured Associate

Professor at the University of Waterloo (Canada) where

he still holds an adjunct faculty position. Dr. Uysal’s

research interests are in the broad areas of

communication theory and signal processing with a

particular emphasis on the physical layer aspects of

wireless communication systems in radio, acoustic and

optical frequency bands. He has authored more than

180 journal and conference papers on these topics.

Dr. Uysal is a Senior IEEE member and an active

contributor to his professional society. He currently

leads the EU COST Action OPTICWISE which is a

high-profile consolidated European scientific platform

for interdisciplinary research activities in the emerging

area of optical wireless communications. Dr. Uysal

serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on

Communications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular

Technology, Wiley Wireless Communications and

Mobile Computing (WCMC) Journal, and Wiley

Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications

Technologies (ETT). In the past, he served as an Editor

for IEEE Transactions on Wireless

Communications (2003-2011) , IEEE Communications

Letters (2004-2012), Guest Co-Editor for

WCMC Special Issue on MIMO Communications

(October 2004) and IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in

Communications Special Issue on Optical Wireless

Communications (December 2009). Over the years, he

has served on the technical program committee of more

than 80 international conferences and workshops in the

communications area. He is currently serving as the

Technical Programme Committee Co-Chair of IEEE

WCNC’14 which will be held in Istanbul in April

2014. Dr. Uysal is the recipient of several awards

including the Turkish Academy of Sciences

Distinguished Young Scientist Award, University of

Waterloo Engineering Research Excellence Award,

and Discovery Accelerator Supplement (DAS)

Award from the Natural Science and Engineering

Research Council of Canada (NSERC) among others.

17

Shedding Lights on Future Wireless

Communications

Salama Said Ikki

Lakehead University

Abstract

Wireless channels have impairments that limit the

quality and the capacity of transmission. The

impairments include signal fading, co-channel

interference, adjacent channel interference, noise, signal

shadowing and propagation loss. Faced with ever

increasing demand for user services and finite spectrum

(bandwidth) resources, new and improved technologies

must be developed to permit future wireless networks to

sustain the increasing demands for services. In this talk

we are going to shed lights on three new techniques that

can be implemented in the future generation for wireless

communications networks: Cooperative networks,

Massive MIMO and Spatial modulation. Cooperative

networks have been recently proposed and are gaining

growing interest for future generation wireless standards.

They have promise to improve wireless communication

capability and provide a new paradigm for the

development of efficient bandwidth usage, resulting in a

significant increase of the capacity and diversity gain in

wireless networks. In cooperative systems, idle users

(nodes) are used as relays between the source and the

destination. Massive MIMO is an emerging technology

that scales up MIMO by an order of magnitude

compared to current state-of-the-art. We think of systems

that use antenna arrays with a few tens (or even

hundreds) antennas, that simultaneously serve many tens

of terminals in the same time-frequency resource. The

basic premise behind massive MIMO is to reap all the

benefits of conventional MIMO, but in a much greater

scale. Overall, massive MIMO is an enabler for the

development of future broadband (fixed and mobile)

networks which will be energy-efficient, secure, and

robust, and will use the spectrum efficiently. Spatial

Modulation is an alternative and promising MIMO

technique that utilizes the spatial information in a novel

fashion. At each time instance, only a single transmit

antenna is activated among the set of existing transmit

antennas and the activated antenna index is implicitly

used to convey information. As compared to other

MIMO techniques, spatial modulation is shown to have

several advantages among of which are, complete

avoidance of inter-channel interference (ICI), relaxed

inter-antenna synchronization requirements, low receiver

complexity, use of a single RF chain at the transmitter,

and enhanced error performance with moderate number

of transmit antennas.

Dr. Salama Ikki, received the B.S.

degree from Al-Isra University,

Amman, Jordan, in 1996, the

M.Sc. degree from The Arab

Academy for Science and

Technology and Maritime

Transport, Alexandria, Egypt, in

2002, and the Ph.D. degree from

Memorial University, St. Johns,

NL, Canada, in 2009, all in electrical engineering.

Currently he got an academic position in Wireless

Communications at Lakehead University. He was a

research assistant in INRS, University of Quebec,

Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from Feb. 2010 to

December 2012 and a post-doc in university of

Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada from Feb. 2009 to

Feb. 2010. Dr. Ikki research interests include

cooperative networks, MIMO, spatial modulation and

wireless sensor networks. He published nearly 100

Journal and Conference papers in these areas with

more than 1200 citations and H-index of 19. He is a

recipient of the Best Paper Award of his paper

published in EURASIP journal on advanced signal

processing. He currently serves on the Editorial Board

of IEEE Communications Letters and IET

Communications. He has served as a Technical

Program Committee member for various conferences,

including IEEE ICC, IEEE GLOBECOM, IEEE

WCNC, IEEE VTC Spring/Fall and IEEE PIMRC. He

received an IEEE Communications Letters exemplary

reviewer certificate and an IEEE Wireless

Communications Letters exemplary reviewer

certificate for 2012.

18

Mobile Innovations for Transportation

Applications

Emad Felemban

Director, Transportation and Crowd Management Center

of Research Excellence, Umm Al-Qura University

Abstract

The rabid developments of mobile technologies, data

acquisition and big data analytics and their integration

with critical application domains such as transportation

systems have the potential to produce more efficient,

real-time, intelligent and safe transportation

infrastructure. Wireless Sensor Networks, mobile

phones, crowd sourcing, RFID and NFC technologies

are being used to increase the quality of transportation

services. In this presentation, we will present some

innovative mobile technologies, services and platforms

that are being used in modern transportation applications

including traffic data acquisition, traffic management

and control, route optimizations, infrastructure redesign.

We looked over innovations that were transformed from

ideas in research labs into commercial systems in

practical use

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network, Cell Phones, RFID, NFC,

Intelligent Transportation Systems, Mobile

technologies, Innovation

Dr. Emad Felemban is an

assistant professor in Computer

Engineering Department Umm Al

Qura University, Makkah. He

graduated with BS degree from

KFUPM in 1998, Master and PhD

Degrees from Ohio State

University in 2003 and 2009,

respectively. Dr. Felemban has won several funded

projects totaled to about 8 Million Riyals from the

National Plan of Scince, Technology and Innovation,

SABIC and Hajj and Umrah Research Center. His

research interests are Wireless Sensor Networks,

Wireless Networks and Communication, Directional

Antennas and Smart City Applications. Currently, he is

the director of the Transportation and Crowd

Management Center of Research Excellence in Umm

Al-Qura University.

19

A Novel Framework for MIMO

Techniques Performance Analysis over

Generalized Fading Channels

Dr. Raed Mesleh

Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems (SNCS) Research

Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia

Abstract:

Wireless communication has seen tremendous growth in

the past few years. It is now marching toward fourth

generation (4G) and beyond broadband wireless

communication. MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output)

systems exploit location dependent multipath

propagation constructively, and thus, they are a key-

enabling technology for future wireless systems.

However, the capacity gains that stem from MIMO

transmission strongly depend on transmit and receive

antenna spacing, transmit antenna synchronization and

the used algorithm to reduce, or eliminate inter-channel

interference (ICI) at the receiver.

Performance analysis of MIMO systems has been

already studied over Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m

channels and with the assumption of correlated and

uncorrelated channel paths. However, these analysis

where based on invalid assumptions about the phase

especially for generalized channels such as Nakagami,

where the channel phase is assumed uniform to simplify

the performance analysis. However, it has been shown

mathematically that the phase of such channels is not

uniform and it follows certain probability distribution

that is a function of specific channel parameters. As

such, all these performance analysis led to inaccurate

results.

This talk will address a novel framework for MIMO

systems performance analysis over generalized fading

channels. The framework is tested over general fading

channels, such as

,

and

and closed

results are reported. The framework can be used in

correlated and uncorrelated fading channels and with the

exact distribution of the phase. Famous fading channels,

such as Nakagami-m, Raylrigh, Rice, Nakagami-q

(Hoyt) and others, can be derived from these general

channels by changing channel parameters.

Dr. Raed Mesleh received his

Ph.D. from Jacobs University,

Bremen, Germany. In October

2010, he joined University of

Tabuk in Saudi Arabia where he is

now an assistant professor in

electrical engineering and a lead

researcher at the Sensor Networks

and Cellular System (SNCS) research Center. Prior,

from 2007 to 2010 he served as a Postdoctoral Fellow

at Jacobs University. His research interests include

wireless and optical communication with particular

emphasis on MIMO techniques and cooperative

communication. He is a co-inventor of several patents,

and co-authored many journal and conference papers.

20

Customization of On-Line Real-Time

Operating System Scheduler for

Wireless Sensors Powered by Ambient

Energy Sources

Hussein El Ghor1,2

and El-Hadi M Aggoune2

1

Lebanese University - IUT Saida, Lebanon

2

Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems (SNCS) Research

Center, UT, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Software environments and more precisely operating

systems are optimized to run very efficiently. Still, they

have difficulties to meet the special demands especially

for wireless sensors. A large number of heterogeneous

applications must be supported in small sensors while

matching battery capacity. To handle complexity while

ensuring time and energy constraints, designers are

moving towards building real-time operating systems

that are powered by a renewable energy storage unit and

use a recharging system such as photovoltaic cells.

Due to their specific nature, sensor networks enable

myriad of applications that are executed on top of a

Real-time Operating System (RTOS) in a periodic

behavior. When possible, static cyclic schedulers are

used for these RTOS where all computations are

performed off-line. If more flexibility is needed on-line

techniques are applied.

In this paper we propose a method to adopt an on-line

scheduler, named EH-EDF (Energy Harvesting –

Earliest Deadline First) [1] to the existing Linux/RTAI.

Our objective is to develop and integrate power

management and scheduling facilities specifically

adapted to energy harvesting embedded systems with

real-time constraints.

OFDMA Subcarrier Allocation in

Mobile Wireless Cellular Networks –

Genetic Algorithm Approach

Khaja Kamaluddin

Computer Science Department, University College Al

Jamoom, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi

Arabia

Abstract

In this paper, subcarrier allocation in mobile wireless

cellular networks for handover calls through genetic

algorithm approach is proposed. Implementation for

handover calls has been done; results have been

analyzed and discussed here. Our analytical results

have shown that genetic algorithm can work well in

allocating the subcarriers to active handover mobile

users in the cell. In best case and average case

maximum number of subcarriers and maximum

duration time slots could be assigned and in worst case

minimum subcarriers with minimum duration time

slots could be assigned to handover calls. With this

solution cell bandwidth will be utilized to maximum,

wastage of resources could be avoided and more

number of users could be accommodated which leads

to generation of more revenue for service provider.

21

Performance Enhancement of BPSK

Modulation Using Hybrid BPSK-

modified MPPM in Optical Fiber

Communications

Hossam Selmy ,Hossam M. H. Shalaby an d Zen

Kawasaki

Department of Electronics and Communications

Engineering. Egypt-Japan University of Science and

Technology (EJUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt

Abstract

A hybrid binary phase shift keying-modified multi-pulse

pulse position modulation (hybrid BPSK-modified

MPPM) scheme is proposed as a new modulation

scheme to improve both the performance and

bandwidth-utilization efficiency of the conventional

binary phase shift keying modulation (BPSK) scheme in

optical fiber communications. Whereas in conventional

BPSK scheme, a consecutive stream of low power

BPSK symbols are transmitted, a less number of high

power BPSK symbols are transmitted and their positions

are exploited to transmit more bits in the hybrid frame.

Information is encoded in both the positions and the

phases of the transmitted pulses. The transmission

characteristics, transmitter and receiver structures,

bandwidth-utilization and optimum decoding for the

proposed scheme are studied in this paper. Several

performance measures are also derived and compared

with those of the conventional BPSK scheme in optical

fiber channels. The results reveal that, at the same

average power, the proposed hybrid BPSK-modified

MPPM scheme achieves much lower levels of bit-error

rates than those of the ordinary BPSK scheme. Also, in

terms of bandwidth-utilization efficiency, the proposed

modulation scheme could achieve much higher

efficiency.

Smarthome based on wireless sensor

network: design and technology

Mohammed Bouhorma, M. Benahmed, A. Boudhir

and Elouaai Fatiha,

Computer science, systems and telecommunication

Laboratory (LiST), Faculty of science and technology,

Tangier, Morocco

Abstract

The “smart home” is the integration of various

networking and connectivity solutions and services that

encompass a number of applications such as lighting

controls, energy management, home automation,

security, surveillance, smart healthcare and home

entertainment.

Wireless technologies have been developing rapidly in

these years. As an emerging technology, WSN

(Wireless Sensor Networks) composed from a large

number of small, low data rate and inexpensive node

that communicate in order to sense or control a

physical phenomenon. WSN have a lot of applications

like disaster management, health, military and security,

and enormously attracted the community of researchers

and has fueled the interest in sensor networks during

the past few years. Nowadays, a kind of real time

systems in which multiple sensors connected

simultaneously to one gateway unit become necessary,

and they are transformed into wireless sensor networks

(WSNs).Sensors are typically capable of wireless

communication and able to solve several problems in

numerous domains. With the development of the WSN,

there is a vast potential for future application on the

smart home system. The study introduces a smart home

system, which consists of sensory level based on the

WSN based on the technology of ZigBee. In this paper

we describe the design architecture which used

ubiquitous sensor networks to generate context

information and to provide services to users by

controlling wireless networked devices in smart home.

Also we focus on the integration of wireless sensor

network (WSN) in smart homes and applications. The

ZigBee wireless sensor network is introduced and used

in smart home system. A kind of design for smart home

based on ZigBee technology is presented in this paper,

we present a ZigBee communication protocol based

wireless sensor networking. It describes the overall

composition of wireless sensor network (WSN).

22

Key Management and Secure Routing

for Mobile Heterogeneous Sensor

Networks

Foad Salem Mubarek and Sufyan T. Faraj Al-Janabi

College of Computer, University of Anbar

Iraq

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to propose a suitable protocol

for key management that can indeed efficiently enable

secure routing Mobile wireless Sensor Networks

(MSNs). Thus, we initially propose a scheme that is

based on track-sector clustering in the roaming area. We

call this proposal as Mobile Track-Sector Clustering

Based Key Management (MTSC-BKM) protocol.

However, MTSC-BKM has some practical limitations

because it is assuming the use of free GPS system for

achieving its goals. Hence, we propose another key

management protocol entitled the Efficient Symmetric

and Heterogeneous Mobile Group-Based Key

Management (ESAH-MGKM) protocol. The ESAH-

MGKM protocol encompasses two main phases: pre-

distribution and data transmission phases. Evaluation

results of ESAH-MGKM, based on NS-2 simulation,

have shown a significant improvement in terms of

resilience against several traditional capturing and

routing attacks. Also, the ESAH-MGKM protocol has

achieved novelty in working within mobile

environments and in responding to both of key

management and secure routing demands simultaneously

A low-Cost Wireless Surveillance Over

Cellular Networks Using Sparse

Representation

Alaa E. Abd-Elhakim and Taha Khalaf

Electrical Engineering, Assiut University

Egypt

Abstract

In surveillance systems, video signal is transmitted

over secure networks 24/7. For conventional

configuration of local surveillance networks, the

massive size of the handled data does not represent a

problem. If the captured video streams are intended to

be transmitted over cellular networks, this massive size

becomes quite challenging. Although 3G systems

support video transmission, the bandwidth and

financial costs of transmitting continuous video

streams may not be affordable.

Given the fact that surveillance data is low-rank in its

nature, the interesting information for surveillance

communication turns out to be sparse. We exploit this

fact to develop an efficient low-cost wireless

surveillance system. The transmitted video streams in

the proposed system are decomposed into their low-

rank and sparse components using Robust Principal

Component Analysis (RPCA). As an initialization, a

number of video frames are captured for the operation

environment and their corresponding low-rank terms

are calculated offline at the transmitting end. Once the

low-rank terms are calculated, they are transmitted

over the network for prospective online frame recovery

stage at the receiver end. In the online operation of the

surveillance system, the captured frames are

decomposed into low-rank and sparse terms at the

transmitter. Only the sparse terms are transmitted to the

receiver. Using the received and the pre-loaded low-

rank components, the receiver can reconstruct the

captured frame. Thus, the channel usage is grossly

dropped to a ratio equals the ratio of the sparse

components size to the size of the raw frames, which

equals zero in most of after-hours and activity free

times. The benefits of such a system are not only the

cost saving, but also the possibility of transmitting

higher quality videos using less bandwidth

requirements.

23

A Strong and Reliable Backbone

Architecture for Wireless Sensor

Networks

Saleem Iqbal, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Rohana Yusof,

Mohd Taib Wahid

University Technology Malaysian

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges of lower bandwidth

and topological changes keeping in view the frequent

node failure in a WSN environment, by increasing node

density. Additionally, the constraint of lower bandwidth

is addressed in our proposed technique by classifying

nodes based on geographical locality where each class of

sensor is assigned a different channel to route data. For

this purpose, multiple channels provided by the IEEE

802.11 is intended to be used; i.e. each set of nodes

communicate towards sink using a different non-

overlapped channel, initiated by the respective mesh

router. Furthermore, the mesh routers are typically

equipped with multiple radios and hence one radio will

be dedicated for peer-to-peer communication with other

mesh routers for relaying while the second will be busy

accumulating data from the nodes; on separate channels.

This way, multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh

network provides strong backbone candidate for WSNs

especially in dense environment.

Finally, the problem of node failure in WSN is addressed

using reassigning nearby/ overlapped node located in the

vicinity of the failed sensor, just by sending a beacon

from the central entity (gateway) controlling the data

dissipation and route management. The said beacon

consists of the nearest MR-ID and channel-number to

tune to. Once, the node receives this beacon, it tunes

itself to the new channel and registers itself with the new

MR. Rather than listening to the ongoing traffic to

understand and cache the new logical topology, MR will

send the list of its nearest neighbors through which it can

dispatch its information for the sink.

Energy Efficient Multipath Geographic

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Fazeela Tunnisa-Allah

Jazan University, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

In geographic routing for wireless sensor networks the

source node gets the location information of the

destination and sends a message instead of using the

network address and the nodes which are operating on

energy limited batteries, must save energy to minimize

the need for battery replacement. In this paper we

propose an Energy Efficient Multipath Geographic

Routing (EEMGR) protocol for wireless sensor

networks. Each wireless node makes local decisions as

to how far get it transmit; therefore the protocol is

power efficient, localized, highly distributed, and

scalable. We further investigate that our energy

efficient multipath geographic routing algorithm

generates multipath based only on local information.

24

Fundamentals of Cryptography and

Information Security

Nidal F. Shilbayeh

Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems (SNCS) Research

Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia

Abstract

Nowadays, methods of distribution and exchange of data

and information have been changed as well the

associated e-applications, services, and systems have

been increased and diversified. In actual fact, such

proliferation led to an increase in the risks and threats to

data and systems, which in turn became a form the

backbone of work in all Digital Institutions. Therefore,

securing and protecting those systems become an

ongoing strategic requirement in such surroundings.

Accordingly, this book comes (God willing) to

provide the fundamentals of the Cryptography and

Information Security in an easy and comprehensive

manner, as well as closely linked to practices and related

applications. Thus, after a general introduction to

information security, the book consists of two main

parts: the First Part: Cryptography (Concepts, Types and

Classifications, Algorithms and Protocols which is based

on securing and protecting information systems and

networks), and all this come in Four Chapters. The

Second Part: Practices and Applications of the security

of computer systems and networks. So, this part comes

in seven chapters which reflect the most important and

the latest protocols, systems, methods, and tools used to

secure and protect networks and computer systems.

Moreover, the book contains a number of appendices, a

list of the most important terms, and references in order

to increase the clarity and understanding.

A Virtual Manager for VANET's

Sami S. Al-Wakeel and Agung Prasetijo

Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems (SNCS)

Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Different message urgency leads to different bandwidth

treatment in dense VANETs. Safety messages have the

utmost importance in VANETs, therefore, it must have

the highest assurance of delivery. However, due to the

limited bandwidth of dense VANETs, safety messages

could be rejected. This research is intended to

formulate a policy to achieve minimal blocking of

safety messages while keeping fewer urgent messages

such as comfort messages not heavily penalized.

Through virtually partitioned VANET's bandwidth and

by applying P-Persistent scheme to reduce message

congestion, an improved performance of message

dissemination in VANETs can be achieved.

25

Downlink LTE Multi Cell Capacity: A

Performance Analysis in the Presence of

ICI and Reuse-1 Plan

Belal Haja

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology is based on

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

(OFDMA) technique in the downlink to support multiple

users in the same cell at the same time. Such system is

susceptible to Inter Cell Interference (ICI) in the

downlink. However, in the uplink the technology of

choice was SC-FDMA due to low power consumption

requirement by the mobile terminal. In order to deliver

higher data rates at the cell edge in the downlink, many

algorithms have been proposed for interference

mitigation and avoidance. Such algorithms require

additional complexity to the system such as heavy

signaling with minimum capacity enhancements.

Imperfect channel state information is expected in heavy

loaded cells. In this paper, we provide a complete study

for the downlink and uplink capacity while accounting

for downlink and uplink interference under limited

feedback information to the transmitter. The

performance and analysis of capacity of LTE cells are

conducted in the presence of MIMO deployment where

multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver

are considered. A complete simulation study of different

multiple antenna configurations in the presence of uplink

and downlink ICI and cell edge throughput are

presented.

Extending Wireless Sensor Network

Lifetime by Relocating of Base Station

using Harmony Search Algorithm

Osama Moh’d Alia and Alaa Al-Ajouri

Faculty of Computers and Information Technology,

University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The location of the base station in a wireless sensor

network (WSN) has a major role on the energy

consumption of its sensor nodes which in turn leads to

a negative impact on efficiency and effectiveness of a

WSN. Minimizing of the distance between the

communicating nodes and their base station should be

an obvious choice, as it consumes the biggest amount

of the node energy. Therefore, relocating of the base

station in a manner that can reduce the energy

expenditure formed as an influence of the long distance

between the communicating nodes and their base

station is desired. In this paper, we proposed an energy-

efficient protocol for the relocating of mobile base

station using Harmony Search Algorithm (HS) in

wireless sensor networks. Simulation results

demonstrate that the proposed protocol can improve the

network lifetime, data delivery and energy

consumption compared to other well-known energy-

efficient protocols.

26

Wireless Sensor Networks with Dynamic

Nodes for Water and Crop Health

Management

M. Ammad-Uddin, el-Hadi M. Aggoune, Sami S.

Alwakeel and Mohammed M. Alwakeel

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Recent advances in micro-electronic and micro-

electromechanical systems have produced new

battery-powered sensor devices that have capabilities

for detecting and processing physical information.

These devices (nodes) can be connected to form a

wireless sensor network (WSN) that performs a

variety of operations. WSNs provide sensing

accuracy and fault tolerance and can be deployed in

harsh environments to provide continuous monitoring

and processing capabilities. WSNs collect various types

of data from a monitored area. Depending on the

application, parameters sensed may include moisture,

temperature, nutrients, and pollutants. Sensed

information is carried over multi-hop from node to node

to a base station (BS) for further processing and action

taking. Given the numerous benefits WSNs offer, a case

study was developed for their potential implementation

in the farming sector in Saudi Arabia. Water utilization

in Saudi is very critical as there is little permanent

storage for it such as reservoirs or dams. At the same

time, the Saudi land is fertile and has the potential to

produce both quantity and quality crops such as wheat,

dates, fruits, vegetables, flowers and alfalfa. This case

study focuses on WSNs to control water used for

irrigation as well as for monitoring the quantity and

quality of crops.

This study is motivated by both the lack of water and the

premise that for the majority of crops, an excess of water

may have an equally negative effect as does a deficit.

Hence, the need for a technology as an aid to

optimally dispense the appropriate amount of water

for optimal crop quantity and quality. It is believed that

WSNs provide an answer.

Soft computing Techniques for

Resource Management of

Heterogeneous Network Sami Al Wakeel, Hadi Aggoune and M. Ammad-udin

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Rapid growth of cellular system and its diversified use

(Voice, Data, Video, Gaming, GPS, and GPRS), one

side it yields higher and higher expectations and other

side generates many challenges. One of the major

challenges is no one single vendor can provide total

coverage and all functionalities. To cope with these

issues Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN)

migrated towards heterogeneous overlay networks that

will use different Radio Access Technologies (GSM,

4G, 3G, UMTS, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Femtocell ) operating

together. One of the main concerns in the Fourth

Generation (4G) wireless networks is the vertical

handoff decision. The handoff is the mechanism used

in order to let a Mobile Node (MN) switches from

a network to another without prominent service

disconnection. Success of this 4G heterogeneous

network especially meticulous handoff decision

immensely depends upon efficient and scalable radio

resource management policy that could satisfy the

requirements of both operators and users at the same

time. In this research we will investigate all possible

attributes a user request /call can have, user

preferences, vendor preferences and system resources

and we will develop a Bayesian based context aware

resource management policy which will take best hand

off decision between different network. If there is a

need to hand-off an existing in-progress call to another

network our proposed system will take this decision by

evaluating all context/attributes like QoS requirements,

user preference, service provider preferences, load

balancing, user device limitations, user device battery

constraints, user location, user mobility etc. our

proposed system will exploits all the context

information to decide

27

MIMO-UWB Wireless Sensors for

Underground Mine Gallery

Ismail Ben Mabrouk and Zahoor Ahmad

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

In this paper, the incorporation of multiple-input

multiple-output (MIMO) with ultra-wideband (UWB)

technology is discussed. 2 × 2 MIMO-UWB

measurement campaign in the 3–10 GHz bandwidth is

conducted and the transmission performance in Line Of

Sight (LOS) environment is evaluated. The aim of this

work is to analyze the effect of antenna element

configuration on MIMO-UWB system working in

underground mine environment. To achieve this, many

parameters such as the channel correlation and the

system capacity are analyzed. The obtained results

suggest that MIMO-UWB systems are promising for

high data rate transmission in harsh RF environments.

Feasibility of a Millimeter-Wave MIMO

System for Short-Range Wireless

Communication in an Underground

Gold Mine Ismail Ben Mabrouk and Zahoor Ahmad

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The performance of multiple-input-multiple-output

(MIMO) system operating at the 60 GHz band is

investigated based on experimental data in a real

underground mine gallery. However, the millimeter

wave (mmW) channels face some challenges

such as high propagation loss. In order to overcome

this issue, a planar micro strip antenna array has been

designed, and fabricated. Moreover, the effect of

miners’ activity in the vicinity of the short-range

wireless link is studied. Statistical parameters of the

propagation channel, such as RMS delay spread, path

loss, K-factor, channel correlation and capacity are

extracted and analyzed. Results suggest that miners

presence substantially affects both received power and

time dispersion parameters and should therefore be

considered when developing underground mine

wireless networks in the unlicensed 60-GHz band.

28

Spatial Diversity and Multi Hop in FSO

Communication over Turbulence

Channels

Mohamed Abaza1

, Raed Mesleh1

, Ali Mansour2

and El-

Hadi M. Aggoune1

1

Sensor Networks and Cellular System (SNCS) Research

Center, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia 2

Lab STIC, ENSTA Bretagne, 2 Rue François Verny,

29806 Brest Cedex 9, France

Abstract

Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems have

high data rate and perfect end-user communication

solutions. On the other hand, FSO bit error rate (BER)

performance degrades with the atmospheric turbulence

and the weather attenuation. Spatial diversity and relay

assisted techniques have been proposed in literature as a

solution for these problems. However, authors

concentrate on the comparison between either spatial

diversity or single-input single-output (SISO) or relay

assisted techniques and SISO. In this paper, comparisons

between a multi hop decode and forward (DF) relay and

a multiple-input single-output (MISO) system are driven

under different turbulence and weather conditions. Our

results show that multi hop DF relay outperforms MISO,

with number of transmitters equal to the number of hops,

using repetition codes for correlated case in the BER

performance under different conditions.

Real Time Monitoring for Offshore Oil

and Gas Pipelines using Underwater

Wireless Sensor Networks

M. Ayaz

Researcher at Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems

(SNCS) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

With the fast development of oil producing countries

and increase of demand for energy and water in all over

the world, petroleum, natural gas, water resources and

facilities have become important assets for the these

nations. Since Oil & Gas process areas fall within the

category of hazardous locations, strict requirements

apply for any equipment installed in these potentially

explosive areas. Conventional systems require power

and communication links, but unfortunately power

sources like solar panels are not commonly supported,

while battery banks and other supported instruments

are highly error prone under these fragile conditions.

To address these issues, wireless sensors are considered

a promising solution with the autonomous equipment,

operating from an internal battery pack which

eliminates the need for any type of wiring. Other than

providing better safety measurements, prevention and

reduction of theft incidents, it helps to reduce the total

installation costs that usually exceeded 70% of wired

solutions. The terrestrial wireless sensor networks

replaced with traditional monitoring systems have

dramatically improved operational efficiency of the

offshore pipelines e.g Pemex replaced SCADA with

vMonitor and Gullfaks applications near coast of

Norway.

This paper presents the idea of a framework

for underwater pipeline infrastructure protection using

the wireless sensor networks. The main objective is to

present a special line infrastructure using a

combination of different wireless sensor technologies

in order to solve some of the reliability and security

issues by providing nearly real time pipeline

monitoring and protection system. With such

technology, manual operation may be eliminated and at

the same time any operational problems can be

identified with less delay. A significant goal of this

work is to observe the leak detections as well as

prevention strategies using low power wireless flow

and pressure sensors.

29

Panel Discussions

5-G Successes and Challenges

Moderator: M.M. AlWakeel

Panelists: C.X. Wang T. Xiaofeng V. Aalo I. Baig

Preamble:

The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication

technologies are emerging in research fields. It is

expected that 5G wireless communication systems will

require a mix of new concepts to offer the adequate

spectral and energy efficiency along with network

designs including massive MIMO technologies. Thus,

what are the research challenges and opportunities in

the emerging area of 5G wireless communications?

Networking and Communication for

Sustainable World Development How today’s technology can support efforts

For peace and prosperity

Moderator: H. M. Aggoune

Panelists: S.S. Alwakeel K. Sohraby M. Ilyas A. Mansour

Preamble:

“Sustainable development is development that meets

the needs of the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet their own

needs.” Three dimensions are generally recognized as

the “pillars” of sustainable development: economy,

environment, and society. Communication technologies

are making the connection between communities at the

national, regional, and global levels possible. Thus,

how can communication policies be interweaved in

economy, environment, and society to foster

sustainable world development.

30

Demos

“AMAS” for Autistic child Monitor and

Assistant System A system of wearable sensor and actuator network to

inform on an autistic child state

“AWSM” for Air, Water and Soil

monitor A system for monitoring the quality of air, water, and

soil for the preservation of the fish habitat in the Red

Sea

“ARCHD” for Hajj A comprehensive system of systems for Hajjis crowd

management

“LIGHT” for Communication A system that enables the transfer of information

through light

.

31

Receptions and Ceremonies

Anniversary of UT - FAU Collaboration Agreement Signing

UT - HWU Collaboration Agreement Signing

32

Tours

33

Helpful Information

97.610722 (From North Clockwise) Kabah is 39.84 miles away

Prayer Schedule December / 2013

Date Day Fajr Sunrise Dhuhr Asr Maghrib Isha

13 Thu 5:51 7:16 12:28 3:20 5:39 7:09

14 Fri 5:52 7:17 12:29 3:21 5:40 7:10

15 Sat 5:53 7:18 12:29 3:21 5:40 7:10

16 Sun 5:53 7:19 12:30 3:21 5:40 7:10

17 Mon 5:54 7:19 12:30 3:22 5:41 7:11

18 Tue 5:54 7:20 12:31 3:22 5:41 7:11

19 Wed 5:55 7:20 12:31 3:23 5:42 7:12

20 Thu 5:55 7:21 12:32 3:23 5:42 7:12

21 Fri 5:56 7:21 12:32 3:24 5:43 7:13

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Weather Averages for Jeddah in December

Temperature 25°C

77°F

Low Temperature 20°C

68°F

High Temperature 30°C

86°F

Sunshine Hours 9 hrs

Rainfall 10mm

Rainfall days 1 days

Sea Temperature

28°C

82°F

Jeddah to Macca

Royal Radisson Blue Suites Hotel

34

Road map from airport to Royal Radisson Blue Hotel

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SNCS at University of Tabuk, KSA. www.sncs.uot.sa

wscn13-inf.sncs@ut.edu.sa +996 4 4261225