Egypt: Transition Old Kingdom – Middle Kingdom – New Kingdomand New Kingdom architecture

Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt. Painted relief in the mastaba of Ti. Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom ca. 2400

Papyrus

Palette of King Narmer, front. Predynastic period, ca. 3000 BCE

Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt. Painted relief in the mastaba of Ti. Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom ca. 2400

Fragmentary head of Pharaoh Senusret III, Middle Kingdom, ca. 1860 BC

Detail of Pharaoh Khafre enthroned. Old Kingdom, ca. 2500 BC

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Middle Kingdom. Ca. 1900 BC

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt. Middle Kingdom, ca. 1900 BC

Imhotep (architect), engaged columns at King Djoser’s necropolis at Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, ca. 2630 BC

Columns at the necropolis of Djoser:- These are engaged columns

– they are attached to the wall, not freestanding.

- The column shafts resemble papyrus stalks.

- They end in capitals at the top. The capitals resemble papyrus blossoms.

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt. Middle Kingdom, ca. 1900 BC

- freestanding columns- fluted shafts imitative of dressed timbers- simple bases- transition element between column shaft and ceiling beam: abacus

Abu Simbel▪

Temples built by Ramses II at Abu Simbel, New Kingdom, ca. 1290-1224 BC

Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel, New Kingdom, ca. 1290-1224 BC

Interior of temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel Figures show the Pharoah Ramses in the guise of the god order, Osiris

Excavation of Karnak temple complex in 1914

▪ Karnak

Abu Simbel▪

Reconstructed view and plan of temple complex of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt.New Kingdom, ca. 1250 BC

Hypostyle hall at temple of Amen-Re, KarnakNew Kingdom, ca. 1250 BC

Clerestory