2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf

8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf

1/23

2009 Minerals Yearbook

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

IRON ORE [ADVANCE RELEASE]

June 2011


2/23

Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.1

Iron ore

By Jh D. Jgs

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Michelle B. Blackwell, statistical assistant, and the world production

table was prepared by Lisa D. Miller, international data coordinator.

U.S. i pducti i 2009 was -half that f 2008;

csumpti duig this sam pid dcasd by 40%. Wldi pducti ad csumpti c agai s i 2009,

but by ly 2%. Chia, by fa th ladig csum, ld gss

tag pducti f i with lativly lw-gad .

Chia was th ladig pduc f i i tms f i

ctt, fllwd by Austalia ad Bazil (tabls 1, 17). F th

ighth cscutiv ya, wld i tad icasd. Wld

prices dropped signicantly compared with those of 2008.

I is th basic aw matial f pducig i ad

stl. Th supply f i is citical t th cmis f

all idustializd atis. Scap, a supplmt t i i

stlmakig, is als a xtmly imptat fd matial,

but wig t lack f supply f high-quality scap, its us has

limitatis. Dict ducd i (DrI) is a altativ t scap,but quis i f its pducti.

Tw i xidshmatit (F2o

3) ad magtit (F

3o

4)

a th pimay mials f i. Tacit, th pimay i

mid i th Uitd Stats, ctais hmatit ad magtit

in varying proportions and is found in hard, ne-grained, banded

i fmatis with lw i ctt, btw 20% ad 30%.

Almst all dmstic i pducti is tasfmd it

mlt i i blast fuacs by th i ad stl idusty. Mst

mlt i th gs dictly t a basic xyg fuac (BoF)

f cvsi t stl by mvig mst f th sidual cab.

Th maid is pud it mlds t pduc pig i.

I 2009, th Uitd Stats usd 31.0 milli mtic ts (Mt)

f i , a dcas f 20.9 Mt, 40%, cmpad with thatf 2008, ad pducd 19.0 Mt f pig i. Pig i pducti

dcasd 44% fm that f 2008 ad was at th lwst lvl

sic bf Wld Wa II.

raw stl pducti, at 59.4 Mt, dcasd 35% cmpad

with that f 2008. U.S. stl csumpti dcasd t 63

Mt fm 102 Mt i 2008. Imptd i supplmts

dmstically pducd i i th pducti f pig i,

which is usd alg with imptd pig i, DrI, ad scap t

pduc aw stl. Itgatd stl mills pduc stl fm i

; miimills pduc stl fm DrI ad scap. I 2009, th

miimill sct f th stl idusty mad up 62% f th U.S.

aw stl pducti (Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 2010,

p. 73).

Itgatd stlmaks ca icas stl mill pduct

pducti withut icasig blast fuac pducti

by importing pig iron and seminished steel. This permits

steelmakers to avoid costly startup of less-efcient blast

fuacs hld i sv ad th mplymt f additial

skilld wks. I 2009, t U.S. xpts (xpts mius

impts) f i substituts w 5.7 Mt, whil i 2008

th Uitd Stats was a t xpt f 14.8 Mt f substituts.

This icas i xpts was wig t ctiud high lvls

f scap stl t xpts cmbid with substatial dcass

in net imports of DRI, pig iron, and seminished steelpducts. Duig th ya, alg with th 33% dcas i

aw stl pducti ad a 38% dp i stl dmad, i

csumpti dclid 40% fm 2008 lvls.

Legislation and Government Programs

I 2009, th Mista pducti tax at t b distibutd

i 2010 chagd f cctats ad pllts pducd i

2009, icasig t $2.364 fm $2.316 p taxabl lg t.

Th taxabl tag f 2009 is basd th avag tag

pducd i 200709.

Chags affctig tacit miig ad pcssig patis

passd by th Mista Lgislatu i 2009 icludd

pducti taxati itms that wuld b basd th 2008 ad

2009 pducti. A Tacit evimtal Ptcti Fud

was stablishd t civ 15.5 cts p lg t (abut 15.3

cts p mtic t) fm 2008 pducti that wuld hav

g it th Tacit Ppty Tax rlif Accut. Istad,

ths fuds w st asid f us i wabl gy iitiativs

t b distibutd i 2009 ly. A pducti tax chag f 2009

that wuld affct distibuti f taxs i 2010 ad thaft

icludd distibuti t 50% miig ad 50% pcssig fm

40% miig ad 60% pcssig f th pcds wh miig

ad pcssig w caid ut i tw spaat tax disticts.

Ath pducti tax chag f 2009 that wuld affct

distibuti f taxs i 2010 was a distibuti f xcss taxfuds t citis ad tws withi a schl distict if distibuti

t th schl distict wuld duc Stat aid t th distict

(Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2009, p. 1, 6, 7, 20; 2010,

p. 1, 20).

Production

Th U.S. Glgical Suvy (USGS) dvlps U.S. i

pducti data thugh a aual I o suvy,

which is st t i mis, ad ths mis pvidd

th pducti statistics listd i tabls 1 thugh 5. This

ifmati is supplmtd by mplymt data, ifmati

fm csums, ad mi ispcti pts. Th Amica

I o Assciati bcam a suppli-itd gaizati,

w kw as th I Miig Assciati f Mista, ad

lg pvids data shipmts fm ladig dcks

th Upp Gat Laks cipts at tasf dcks ad fuac

yads atiwid. Stl plat data ctius t b cmpild by

th Amica I ad Stl Istitut (AISI).

I 2009, dmstic i pducti was 26.7 Mt, abut

-half f th 2008 pducti, which was 53.6 Mt. Michiga

ad Mista tacit mis accutd f almst all dmstic

i pductisix mis patd th Msabi rag


3/23

39.2 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009

i thast Mista ad tw th Maqutt rag

i Michigas Upp Pisula. Dmstic i supply

(pducti mius xpts) mt 74% f dmstic dmad i

2009, 3% lss tha th avag fm 2005 thugh 2008.

Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. (Clvlad, oH) aucd

2009 i pducti f its nth Amica patis.

Mi pducti, which ttald 20 Mt, was as fllws (Uitd

States, unless otherwise specied)Empire, 2.6 Mt; Hibbing

Tacit, 1.7 Mt; nthsh, 3.3 Mt; Tild, 5.7 Mt; Uitd

Tacit, 3.9 Mt; ad Wabush (Caada), 2.7 Mt. Cliffs sha fth ttal pducti fm ths nth Amica patis was

17.4 Mt. Ttal Cliffs nth Amica pducti tag sha

f th mis it maagd duig th ya dcasd by 25%

cmpad with that f 2008, ad vall i sals vu

dcasd t $1.45 billi, a dcas f 39% cmpad with

that f 2008 (Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, p. 56, 57).

In June 2009, Cliffs acquired signicant ownership of

Fwst rsucs Caada Ic. (Mtal, Qubc, Caada),

with its th wld-class chmit dpsits i aticipati

f divsifyig dwstam fm its c mchat i

busiss. Cliffs plad t iclud cstucti f th p pit

mi ad mi-sit pcssig facility, as wll as a lctic

ac fuac (eAF) t futh pcss th chmit ithigh-gad fchmium. Th eAF facility was xpctd t b

lcatd th th sh f Lak Supi aft a pmittig

pcss aticipatd t qui appximatly 3 yas, with

pducti statup i abut 2015 (Cliffs natual rsucs Ic.,

2009a).

Michigan.Michiga accutd f abut 31% f U.S.

usabl i utput i 2009; aly all f Michigas utput

was pllt pducti. Th empi Mi pducti was mstly

ux pellets. The Tilden Mine produced magnetite and hematite

ux pellets. The Empire Mine and the Tilden Mine production

ach shwd a dcas f 2.0 Mt cmpad with that f 2008.

owig t a pstpmt f a dvlpmt pjct, th sv

stimat f th empi Mi was ducd by 45%, whilTild Mi svs maid th sam t f pducti

(Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, p. 35, 57; Skilligs Miig

rviw, 2010c, p. 67).

Minnesota.Mista pducd 69% f th usabl i

i th Uitd Stats i 2009; aly all f th utput was pllt

pducti. Almst all f th pducti fm th Stat cam

fm p pits th Msabi I rag, althugh a mi

amut f th pducti did cm fm wkd tailigs.

Mista pllt pducti, gupd by patig cmpay,

was summaizd as fllws: Hibbig Tacit Cmpay

pducd stadad ad high-cmpssi pllts; nthsh

Miig Cmpay pducd 3.3 Mt f stadad pllts, icludig

a small amut f sit matial ad cctat; Uitd

Tacit Cmpay, LLC pducd pllts ad a mi amut

f cctats; AclMittal Mica Mi Ic. (Chicag, IL)

produced 1.5 Mt of ux pellets, including a minor amount of

pllt chips; ad Uitd Stats Stl Cp. (Pittsbugh, PA) had

pducti fm its Kwati Tacit patis ad 7.7 Mt

of acid and ux pellet production from its Minntac operations

(AclMittal, 2010, p. 51; Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010,

p. 57; Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, p. 8, 1215; Uitd

Stats Stl Cp., 2010, F62).

I aly Fbuay, U.S. Stl aucd plas t lay ff 500

ui mplys, as wll as 90 maagmt mplys at its

Mitac patis (Mutai I, Mn). I Dcmb [2008],

U.S. Stl had alady haltd pducti at its Ktac pati

(Kwati, Mn). Lack f w stl ds fcd th stl

cmpay t duc pducti fm its upstam patis

(Bw, 2009), but by August, with isig stl quimts,

th cmpay aucd plas t stat up a additial pllt

pducti li at th Mitac plat i I Mutai, Mn,

ad t stat up a additial tw lis i Sptmb. U.S. Stlwould then have four of the ve production lines at Minntac in

pati (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009d), but at Ktac, th

cmpay had wks bgi witizig th plat i aticipati

f xtdig th shutdw f patis (Skilligs Miig

rviw, 2009b).

AclMittal (Luxmbug) attibutd th ducti i

pducti fm 2.8 Mt i 2008, t a shutdw f patis

btw May ad Sptmb i 2009. owig t makt

cditis, i was pducd duig this pid

(AclMittal, 2010, p. 51).

Cliffs xtdd th shutdw f th nthsh Miig

C. facilitis, which had b iitiatd i Apil thugh

July (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009). Cliffs idicatdthat th jit-vtu ws f th Hibbig Tacit Mi

[AclMittal, 62.3%; Cliffs, 23.0%; ad U.S. Stl Caada

Ic. (Hamilt, otai, Caada), 14.7%] had agd t

lgth th shutdw at th plat, which has a atd capacity

f 8.1 milli mtic ts p ya (Mt/y). This xtdd th

shutdwwhich statd with tw f th pllt lis shut

dw i Mach ad th th plat shut dw f 15 wks

beginning in Maythrough the rst quarter of 2010 (Cliffs

natual rsucs Ic., 2009b).

Stl Dyamics, Ic. (Ft Way, In) cmpltd cstucti

ad bga cmmissiig th $260 milli Msabi nuggt

pjct i Hyt Laks, Mn. Th mai plat facility has a

180-foot-diameter gas-red rotary-hearth furnace (RHF) that,thugh a chmical ducti pcss, was xpctd t yild

millis f 96% t 98% i uggts. Th fd matial

i cctat, cal, ad bidig agtswas t b

mixd ad did t fm mablsizd dy balls i acillay

facilitis. Ths balls w th t b mltd i th rHF t

fm th i uggts. At full capacity, th plat was xpctd

t pduc 500,000 mtic ts p ya (t/y) f i uggts.

Stl Dyamics xpctd t fllw thugh with additial

ivstmts i a adjact i mi, c th quid pmits

w civd fm th Stat f Mista (Skilligs Miig

rviw, 2009c; Stl Dyamics, Ic., 2010, p. 5).

Magtati, Ic. (nashwauk, Mn) bga pducti f i

cctat fm its Msabi Chif plat a Kwati, Mn.

Magtati ivstd $9.6 milli t big its plat li.

Th plat was xpctd t pduc lw-cst i cctats

at a at f 300,000 t/y fm la stckpils f hmatit

ad atual tailigs. Plas f xpasi t 750,000 t/y f

cctat w big mad t hlp fd th 500,000 t/y (96%

t 98% i) Msabi nuggt facility big cstuctd at aby

Hyt Laks, Mn, by Stl Dyamics (Mtal Bullti, 2009;

rdm, 2009).


4/23


Consumption

U.S. i csumpti dclid by 40% t 31.0 Mt fm

the 2008 gure of 51.9 Mt (table 1). Pig iron production, at 19.0

Mt i 2009, was almst -half f th 5-ya avag f 37.5

Mt/y f 2004 thugh 2008. raw stl pducti usig BoF

tchlgy, which had b at th lwst pducti lvl i

m tha a dcad i 2008, dcasd by m tha 40% t

22.7 Mt.

Csumpti f i , icludig agglmats, ptd

t th AISI by pducs f i ad stl ttald 30.3 Mt,icludig 26.2 Mt f pllts; 3.8 Mt f sit, biqutts, ad

th pducts; ad 0.3 Mt f atual cas (tabl 7).

of th csumd, 74% was dmstic pducti; 10%,

impts fm Caada; 2%, impts fm th cutis; ad th

balac was dawdws f dmstic stcks. oth i-baig

matials chagd t blast fuacs icludd mill scal, slag

scap, ad stl fuac slag.

Th th csumpti umbs usd i this aual viw

are reported in tables 1, 7, and 8. The rst consumption number

(31.0 Mt i 2009), i tabl 1, is th sum f th csumd

by iput typ ptd by th AISI, th csumd i DrI

pducti, ad th csumd i stl uss, as ptdt th USGS (Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 2010, p. 81).

Th scd csumpti umb (30.4 Mt i 2009), i tabl

7, is th csumd i U.S. i ad stl plats by typ f

ptd by th AISI. Th thid csumpti umb is a

stimat f DrI ad th miscllaus uss, which iclud

i csumd i pducti f cmt ad i shippd

f us i maufactuig pait, fits, havy mdia, cattl

fd, facty ad wighig matials, ad f us i lad

smelting are listed in table 8. The latter consumption gure was

th csumd i DrI pducti (f which th was

pducd i 2009) ad stl uss (0.60 Mt i 2009). Data

i csumpti i stl d uss (tabl 8) w

cmpild fm USGS suvys ad ifmati pvidd byMidx Tchlgis, Ic. (2010, p. 7).

Prices

At th bgiig f 2009, th sctay gal f th Chia

I & Stl Assciati (CISA) ptdly idicatd that Chia

wuld t sk uasabl dcass duig 2009 i

ctact pic gtiatis. Chia tid t gtiat f pic

ductis t b mad tactiv t Jauay s that Chis

mills wuld t b fcd t pay 2008 gtiatd pics. CISA

indicated that it would like more exibility to adjust prices

midya, but did t wat t b hampd by a i idx

for long-term supply contracts (Li, 2009). CISA for the rst timeicludd a pstativ i th Chis dlgati discussig

aual i pic ctacts. CISA ptdly watd t

stgth cdiati amg Chis stl pducs ad

wuld d t ag t ay bchmaks stablishd by Chias

maj pducs (Mtal Bullti, 2009b).

As th Apil 1 aual ctact dat passd, ctact

gtiatis ctiud btw th ladig i pducs

ad stlmaks. BHP Billit Ltd. (Mlbu, Austalia)

idicatd that it wuld lik t limiat th 12-mth ctact

systm usig ith th spt makt sm typ f idx pic.

Bth Val S.A. (ri d Jai, Bazil), th wlds ladig

producer of iron ore which had ofcially changed its corporate

am fm Cmpahia Val d ri Dc (CVrD), ad ri

Tit plc (Ld, Uitd Kigdm) favd ctiuig with a

ctact pic bcaus thy flt it was m stabl. At th tim

f th gtiatis, Chia ptdly was xpctd t duc

i impts i 2009 by 20% cmpad with 2008 impt

lvls. A pic ducti f upwads f 30% was xpctd t b

gtiatd f ctact ya 200910 (Matthws, 2009a; Val

S.A., 2009a).At th d f May, ri Tit sttld th 200910 aual i

ore contract with Japanese steel rmsJFE Holdings Inc., Kobe

Stl Ltd., nipp Stl Cp., ad Sumitm Mtal Idustis

Ltd.ad Kas PoSCo. Th agmt was f a 33% lw

price for nes and a 44% lower price for lump ore, the rst price

ducti i 7 yas. Chis stlmaks ctiud t gtiat

deeper discounts on both lump and ne ores. Vale continued

discussions with steel rms (Thompson, 2009). Despite the

impass i i pic gtiatis, Chis impts f i

thugh May 2009, at 242 Mt, icasd 26% cmpad with

ths f th sam pid i 2008. Th impt valu f this

was almst 28% lw wh cmpaig ths tw pids (TeX

rpt, Th, 2009c).Fllwig th jcti f a $19.5 billi ivstmt ff

t icas its wship f ri Tit by th Alumium Cp.

f Chia Ltd. (Chialc) (Bijig, Chia) ad th subsqut

dcisi t dvlp a jit vtu f Austalia i assts

by BHP Billit ad ri Tit, a Austalia xcutiv f

ri Tit was astd by Chis authitis suspici

f spiag ad stalig stat scts (ritchi, 2009). Th

faild ff, jit vtu, ad ast f ri Tits xcutiv

cam amidst a failu by BHP Billit, ri Tit, ad Val, t

ach a aual ctact pic agmt with Chis i

puchass. Val appad t b hldig back t avid patig

th 2008 pblm f sttlig ali f a lw pic tha ith

BHP Billit ri Tit (Matthws, 2009b).A mv t a m makt-basd, ath tha gtiatd,

ctact i pic bcam vidt. At th d f th July,

BHP Billit aucd that it had achd agmt 53%

f its i sals f th 2009 ctact ya. oly 23% was

st basd th aual ctact pic, whil th th 30% was

picd usig quatly, spt, ad idx-basd pics. I 2008,

wh spt pics cllapsd, sm buys gd ctacts,

lavig aual ctact pics littl m tha a upsid limit f

pducs. Th ast f th ri Tit xcutiv i Chia gav

additial ictiv f pducs t ly t a gat dg

idpdtly stablishd makt pics (Dig, 2009).

Amidst th ctiud stalmat btw Chis buys ad

wldwid i pducs, a i tad assciatith

I o & Stl Divativs Assciati (IoDA)was fmd

t pmt th tad f i ad latd divats, dvlp

stadad tms f i ctact tasactis, ad suppt th

dvlpmt ad us f idpdt makt idics. IoDA was

s, by itslf, as havig a imptat l i th i makt

as th makt mvd fm aual ctact picig twad a spt

makt (Mtal Bullti, 2009d).

Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd. (east Pth, Austalia) agd t

a pic 3% blw th bchmak it th Asia makts f its


5/23


i sld t Chis stl mills. This agmt pmittd

Fortescue to complete a $6 billion deal to obtain nancing

fm Chis spss f pjct xpasi (Miig Jual,

2009b).

As gtiatig pstuig bga f 2010 ctact gtiatis,

CISA idicatd that i vsupply wuld ws i

the fourth quarter of 2009. Chinas imports for the rst three

quats w 469.4 Mt f i , a icas f almst 36%

fm ths f th sam pid duig th pvius ya. CISA

was pressing a unied iron ore import price and a qualicationsviw f i impts (Mtal Bullti, 2009c).

Transportation

Th Lak Cais Assciati ptd that th i

shipmts th Gat Laks fll t th lwst lvl i 71 yas.

I cags th Gat Laks (icluds Gat Laks ad

St. Lawc Saway pts t Gat Laks dstiatis) ttald

28.8 Mt, th lwst lvl sic 1938. I shipmts f

2009 w 53% f th 5-ya avag f 200408. Th S

Lcks th Gat Laks clsd f th sas Jauay 15

ad w pd Mach 25 i accdac with a

multiagcy agmt t allw ispcti ad maitac f

systms, stuctus, ad ky quipmt (Gat Laks & Saway

Shippig nws, 2009; Lak Cais Assciati, 2010a, b).

ealy i 2009, th CSL Argosy, a 800-ft bulk cai

ladd with i , a agud i th Chsapak Bay, just

th f Aaplis, MD. Th vssl, hadd t Baltim, MD,

had 19,300 t of iron ore removed and was reoated before

pcdig t ispcti i Aaplis (Amica Mtal Makt,

2009).

Foreign Trade

I 2009, U.S. xpts f i xcdd impts by a

slight magi, which pstd ly a mi pctag f

dmstic appat csumpti. expts dcasd by 65%,while imports decreased by 58% compared with 2008 gures.

U.S. i xpts w 96% pllts (3.8 Mt), ad 78% f

th xpts was shippd via th Gat Laks t Caadia stl

cmpais, whil 6% was shippd t Gmay, 5% ach t

Blgium ad Fac, 3% t Chia, 2% t Mxic, ad th st

t 21 th cutis. U.S. impts ttald 3.9 Mt, f which

Bazils sha dcasd t 5% fm 28% i 2008, Caadas

sha icasd t 81% fm 64%, ad Chils sha icasd

t 5% fm 2% i 2008 (tabls 1, 915).

World Industry Structure

Consumption.Althugh glbal i csumpti ist masud dictly, impts f i ad pducti f

cud stl, DrI, ad pig i ca b usd as guids t idicat

whth csumpti iss falls. DrI ad pig i pducti

a likly t b m dict idicats f i csumpti

tha cud stl pducti bcaus, t vayig dgs i ach

cuty, pat f stl pducti cms fm scap csumpti

i miimills. I t impts cat b usd as a

staightfwad idicat f a chag i i csumpti i

cutis that pduc i ulss a cutys pducti

mais cstat. Wld csumpti f i was stimatd

t hav dcasd slightly as idicatd by slight dcass i pig

i ad DrI pducti cmpad with 2008 lvls. of th i

cutis that had 2% m f wld pig i pducti i

2009, sv f th cutis shwd gativ gwth, icludig

th Uitd Stats, cmpaig 2009 pducti with ach

cutys avag pig i pducti fm 2005 thugh 2009.

Th gwth ats cmpad with th 5-ya avag (200509)

f ths cutis w as fllws: Idia, 26%; Chia, 22%;

rpublic f Ka, -4%; russia, -10%; Japa, -18%; Ukai,

-18%; Gmay, -28%; Bazil, -42%; ad th Uitd Stats,-43%. Of the ve leading producing countries of pig iron in

2009, ly Chia (16%) ad Idia (32%) shwd a icas i

pducti fm that f 2008dcass f th th cutis

w as fllws: Japa, 22%; th rpublic f Ka, 12%; ad

russia, 10%.

Itst i mi dvlpmt icasd twad th d f

2009 wig t a cvy fm th glbal cmic dwtu,

as pducs psitid thmslvs t tak advatag f

xpctd ctiuig high lvls f csumpti div by

Chis cmic gwth. With w i pducti

capacity, wld supply f i was xpctd t b adquat

thugh 2010.

Wld cud stl pducti fll t 1.2 billi mtic ts(Gt) fm 1.3 Gt i 2008. Six cutis pducd m tha 30

Mt f cud stl ach ad cmbid accutd f almst 70%

f wld pducti i 2009. of ths cutis, Chia pducd

abut 68 Mt m cud stl i 2009 tha i 2008 ad Idia

pducd 8 Mt m. Th ths (Gmay, Japa, rpublic

f Ka, ad th Uitd Stats) cmbid pducd 83 Mt

lss cud stl i 2009 tha i 2008. Aual wld cud stl

pducti, xcludig Chia, dcasd by m tha 130 Mt i

2009. Btw 2000 ad 2009, Chia, Gmay, Idia, Japa,

rpublic f Ka, russia, ad th Uitd Stats accutd f

tw-thids f cmbid wld cud stl pducti. Chias

2009 pducti was m tha 70% gat tha its avag

f th 10-ya pid, whil that f th Uitd Stats was 37%lss tha its avag f th 10-ya pid (Uitd natis

Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010, p. 118121).

Production.Wld i pducti f 2.2 Gt, gss

wight, icasd slightly fm 2008 pducti lvls. Aual

wld pducti has xcdd 1 Gt, gss wight, ach ya

since it rst reached that level in 1995, and has exceeded 2

Gt sic 2007. Austalias ad Bazils cmbid sha f

wld pducti by gss wight fm 2005 thugh 2009

avagd 32%. I 2009, i was pducd i 42 cutis,

with pducti xcdig 1 Mt, gss wight, i 28 f ths

cutis. Wld DrI pducti dcasd t 64.4 Mt, which

was 5% lss tha that f 2008 (Midx Tchlgis, Ic.,

2010).

Trade.Wld i impts f 941 Mt s by 4%

cmpad with 2008 lvls. Fllwig lag ya--ya

icass i impts f th past 7 yas (21% i 2002, 33% i

2003, 40% i 2004, 32% i 2005, 19% i 2006, 17% i 2007,

ad 16% i 2008), Chia pstd ath shap is t 628 Mt

i 2009 fm 440 Mt i 2008a gai f m tha 40%. Sic

2000, fu cutis hav accutd f m tha tw-thids

f wld i impts. Gmays sha f impts i that

pid dcasd t 3% fm 10%, Japas sha dcasd t


6/23


11% fm 26%, ad th rpublic f Kas sha dcasd

t 4% fm 8%. Chias sha m tha tipld duig this

10-ya pid t 67% fm 14%. Austalias ad Bazils

cmbid sha f wld i xpts maid th sam at

67% i 2009 cmpad with thi visd sha i 2008. Fiv

cutis pstd m tha 86% f wld i xpts.

I dcasig d f makt sha, Austalia hld 38%; Bazil,

28%; Idia, 12%; Suth Afica, 5%; ad Caada, 3% (Uitd

natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010,

p. 100103).I Chia, th Stat Admiistati f Taxati i th Miisty

f Fiac aucd th at f valu-addd tax f imptd

i wuld b aisd fm 13% t 17%. This icas

bcam ffctiv bgiig Jauay 1, 2009 (TeX rpt,

Th, 2009d). Accdig t Th TeX rpt (2010), Chia,

th wlds ladig impt f i , imptd 599 Mt f

agglmatd i ad 30 Mt f agglmatd i

2009. Th ladig xpts f agglmatd t Chia

w Austalia (43%), Bazil (23%), Idia (18%), ad Suth

Afica (6%), with th maid shad amg m tha 30

cutis. Th ladig xpts f agglmatd t Chia

w Bazil (25%), Caada (17%), Ukai (12%), russia

(11%), ad Kazakhsta (11%), with th maid shad amgm tha 23 cutis.

Mergers and Acquisitions.I octb, Cliffs xcisd

its right of rst refusal and announced it would purchase

Wabush Mis, with mi, ail, cctatig, plltizig, ad

pt patis i nwfudlad ad Labad, ad Qubc

Pvics, Caada. Cliffs plad t puchas Wabush Mis

fm th tw th jit-vtu patsAclMittal

Dfasc (Hamilt, otai, Caada) (a subsidiay f

AclMittal) ad U.S. Stl Caada (Hamilt, otai,

Caada) (a subsidiay f U.S. Stl). Th $88 milli puchas

wuld icas Cliffs wship i th patis t 100% fm

26.8%. Wabush Mis has a pducti capacity f 5.6 Mt/y

ad ptdly abut 70 Mt f i svs (Cliffs natualrsucs Ic., 2009c).

I Jauay, Val aucd a puchas ad sal agmt

with ri Tit t acqui 100% f th Cumb p pit i

patis i th Stat f Mat Gss d Sul, Bazil. Th

pic f th i assts was $750 milli ad icludd

assciatd lgistics asstspt ad bags. Th Cumb

Mi had a pducti capacity f 2.5 Mt/y ad ptdly had

pv ad pbabl svs at yad 2007 f 583 Mt with

a 62.7% i ctt. By mid-Sptmb, Val cmpltd

th puchas f th i mi, icludig assciatd taspt

patis th Paaguay riv. Val aucd ttativ

plas t icas pducti capacity at Cumb t 15 Mt/y at

a cst f gat tha $2 billi (Val S.A., 2009b, c).

Chialc, a Chis stat-wd tpis, ppsd a $19.5

billi ivstmt i ri Tit. Appximatly $7.2 billi

f th ivstmt wuld b i cvtibl bds, which wh

xcisd wuld giv Chialc 18% wship f ri Tit

(Wils ad ths, 2009). Austalias Fig Ivstmt

rviw Bad (FIrB) facd a iquiy by stat pstativs

it th bid by Chialc, as wll as a bid by ath Chis

stat-u tpis (Hua Vali I ad Stl Gup C. Ltd.)

f 16.5% itst i Ftscu Mtals. FIrB gulats fig

wship i Austalia cmpais ad sticts ctl f

atual sucs by fig titis (Wilshaw, 2009).

I Ju, a bidig agmt was sigd btw ri

Tit ad BHP Billit t fm a jit vtu cvig

pducti f bth cmpais Wst Austalia i

assts. Th 5050 wship was xpctd t hac ach

companys protability through combination of adjacent mines

into a single operating unit, more efcient utilization of rail and

pt facilitis, impvmt i bldig ad pduct quality,

ptimizati f futu facilitis gwth ad pjct dvlpmtad cmbiati f staff fuctis withi a sigl tity. This

mg fllws a bakdw f th ppsd dal btw

Chialc ad ri Tit, i which th Chis stat-wd

cmpay wuld hav btaid patial wship f ri Tit

(BHP Billit Ltd., 2009b, p. 1; Bidal, 2009).

BHP Billit ad ri Tit lat dcidd t t pcd with

th fmati f a jit-vtu i maktig tity ad

istad makt pducti fm thi plad jit vtu

spaatly. Th cmpais ctiud plas t mg pducti

and development units to take advantage of signicant

patial sygis (BHP Billit Ltd., 2009a). Th dcisi

t kp spaat maktig titis may aid gulats i

appraising the merger. CISAs unication of all Chinese iron orepuchasig i gaizati may b s, spcially i light

f th tw maj i pducig cmpais withdawal

from a unied sales strategy, as a strong move away from

balacd tad gtiatis twad a makt i which th

puchas (Chia) has gat ctl (Mtal Bullti, 2009f).

I Apil, Chias natial Dvlpmt ad rfm

Cmmissi appvd th puchas f 260 milli shas f

Austalias Ftscu Mtals by Hua Vali f $A644.8

milli (US$445 milli). Th sha puchas agmt,

givig Vali 17.3% f Ftscu capital wship, was sigd

Fbuay 25 ad subsqutly appvd by th Austalia

Fdal Tasu. Hua Vali plad t assist Ftscu i

obtaining additional debt nancing. It was estimated that anadditial $3 t $4 billi wuld b quid t ais pducti

capacity t 90 Mt/y fm 50 Mt/y at Ftscus i

mis. Ftscu is th thid lagst pduc f i i

Austalia ptdly with 1.6 Gt f i svs i Wst

Austalias Pilbaa rgi (Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd., 2009).

I a fft t acqui additial quity itst i Austalia

i sucs, Chis ivsts sught ad civd

appval fm Austalias FIrB f Asha I & Stl

Gup t icas its quity wship f Gidalbi Mtals

Ltd. t 36.28% fm 12.6%. Gidalbi was dvlpig th

Kaaa i pjct i Wst Austalia, with plas f

pt dvlpmt at oakaj ad a jit-vtu pllt plat

i Chia (TeX rpt, Th, 2009b; Wall Stt Jual, Th,

2009). FIrB als appvd a $246 milli dal btw Ctx

Mtals Ltd. (Adlaid, Austalia) ad Wuha I & Stl C.

(WISCo). Chis Gvmt-wd WISCo was th abl

to take a 60% stake in iron ore rights to ve Centrex tenements

th ey Pisula i Suth Austalia. WISCo plad t

ivst a additial $169 milli i stagd paymts likd

t achivig JorC-ifd sucs f up t 2 Gt (Miig

Jual, 2009). Ctx als civd appval fm FIrB f

a jit vtu with Batu Stl Gup, a Chis stat-wd


7/23


tity hadquatd i I Mglia. Th 5050 magtit

jit vtu plad t dvlp tmts th ey

Pisula, with pttial f pducti f btw 3 Mt/y ad

5 Mt/y (Mtal Bullti, 2009a).

World Review

Afghanistan.Th Miisty f Mis f Afghaista

qustd xpssis f itst f th Hajigak i dpsit.

Th dpsit was stimatd t ctai abut 1.8 Gt f i

sucs at a gad f 62% i ctt withi 16 bdisalg a stik lgth f 32 kilmts (km). Th dpsit is

lcatd abut 130 km wst f Kabul. Succssful applicats w

to be notied by the Ministry of Mines on or before May 20,

2009, ad wuld civ a bid packag f th Hajigak dpsit

(Miig Jual, 2009c). Th biddig was lat pd i

aly 2010 i d t impv taspacy issus latd t th

rst bidding process (Rupert and Najazada, 2010).

Australia.BHP Billit aucd full-ya pducti

gures for 2009. BHP Billitons share of salable quantities of

i (wt) w as fllws (Austalia, ulss thwis

specied)Area C Joint Venture (JV) (85% owned), 37.0

Mt; Gldswthy JV (85% wd), 1.7 Mt; Mt. nwma JV

ad Jimblba (85% wd), 30.4 Mt; Samac (Bazil) (50%

wd), 8.9 Mt; ad Yadi JV (85% wd), 39.9 Mt. BHP

Billits sha f ttal wld mi pducti was 117.8 Mt

i 2009, a slight icas fm that f 2008 (BHP Billit Ltd.,

2010a, p. 4).

BHP Billit cmpltd its rapid Gwth Pjct 4 with th

pig f th nwma Miig Hubth cmpays ct f

miig, cushig, ad scig i th east Pilbaa gi

f Wst Austalia. Th $1.85 billi pjct was dsigd t

ais BHP Billits pducti capacity i th Pilbaa by 26

Mt/y t 155 Mt/y, pat f a vall xpasi pla t ais

i pducti t 300 Mt/y by 2015. rapid Gwth Pjct

5, a $4.80 billi pjct with giig 85% cmplt adcstucti 25% cmplt by yad 2009, was xpctd

t add 50 Mt/y t systm capacity by th scd half f 2011

(Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009a; BHP Billit Ltd., 2010b).

Rio Tinto announced full-year production gures for 2009.

ri Tits sha f salabl quatitis f i plus pllts

were as follows (Australia, unless otherwise specied)

Chaa (60% wd), 6.6 Mt; Cumb (Bazil), 1.5 Mt;

east rag, 9.3 Mt; Hamsly, 106.8 Mt; Hp Dws

(50% wd), 10.3 Mt; I o Cmpay f Caada (IoC)

(58.7% wd), 8.1 Mt; ad rb riv (53% wd), 28.8 Mt.

ri Tits sha f ttal wld mi pducti was 171.5 Mt,

a 12% icas fm that f 2008 (ri Tit plc, 2010, p. 166).

ri Tit aucd that its HIsmlt pig i plat (Kwiaa,Wst Austalia) wuld b placd ca ad maitac

f 1 ya at th d f Mach. Th Kwiaa plat, with dsig

capacity f 800,000 t/y, usd ppitay, dict-smltig

tchlgy t pduc pig i fm high-phsphus i

nes and noncoking coal. Rio Tinto (60%), United States Nucor

Cp. (25%), Japas Mitsubishi Cp. (10%), ad Chias

Shugag Cp. (5%) jitly w th plat (TeX rpt, Th,

2009a).

Atlas I Ltd. (Wst Pth) scud additial bthig

facilitis at Pt Hdlad t big its pducti capacity t 6

Mt/y. Th Utah Pit facilitis w ud cstucti ad

w xpctd t bgi xpts f Atlas i i Apil 2010.

Atlas bga miig i fm its 100%-wd Pad

Mine in 2008, and shipped its rst direct shipping ore (DSO) in

Dcmb 2008 (Atlas I Ltd., 2009).

Ftscu Mtals dcidd t fud a xpasi f its

Pilbaa patis aft a dal with Chis ivsts faild.

Th ppsd $6 billi fudig quimt wuld b usd

t dubl i utput t 90 Mt/y. oigial fudig with

Chis ivsts had b tid t a agmt by Ftscu tsll 20 Mt f i t Chis stl mills at a 35% ducti

th pvius yas pics (Wlch, 2009).

Brazil.I 2009, Val ptd i pducti was 238

Mt (icluds Vals Samac, which was a jit vtu util

bcmig fully wd by Val i Sptmb)a 21% dcas

cmpad with that f 2008. Vals sha f salabl quatitis

f i was as fllws, i dcasig d f tag

Suthast Systm, 89.5 Mt; Caajs, 84.6 Mt; Suth

Systm, 55.2 Mt; ad Samac, 8.6 Mt. Val pllt pducti

i 2009 was 23.9 Mta 47% dcas cmpad with that f

2008. Th bakdw f salabl quatitis f i pllts

was as fllws, i dcasig d f pllt pducti

Samac, 8.0 Mt; nibasc, 5.8 Mt; Tuba I ad II, 3.9 Mt;Vagm Gad, 2.2 Mt; Kbasc, 1.7 Mt; Itabasc, 1.5 Mt;

Hispabas, 0.6 Mt; Fbica, 0.2 Mt; ad S Lus, 3,000 t. of

this pllt pducti, 14.0 Mt was blast fuac pllts ad 9.8

Mt was dict ducti pllts. A lag pat f pllt pducti

i 2009 was shut dw wig t ducd glbal dmad ad a

dsi t avid xcssiv ivty buildup. Th Vagm Gad

pllt plat ctiud t amp up pducti ad cstucti

ctiud tw w plats: Tuba VIII (16.5 Mt/y pllt

pducti capacity) ad ath plat i oma (9.8 Mt/y

dict ducti pllt pducti capacity) (Val S.A., 2010,

p. 2, 3).

MMX Mia Mtlics S.A. (ri d Jai)

aucd that sucs at its Sa Azul Mi had icasdve-fold to 515 Mt, with measured and indicated resources

ttalig 381 Mt (MMX Mia Mtlics S.A., 2009).

Canada.IoC [wd jitly by Labad I o ryalty

Icm Fud (15.1%), Mitsubishi Cpati (26.18%), ad

ri Tit (58.72%)] pducd 5.7 Mt f i cctats

ad 8.1 Mt f i pllts. AclMittal Mis Caada

(fmly Qubc Cati Miig Cmpay) pducd 13.1

Mt f i cctats ad pllts. Wabush Mis Ltd.

[wd jitly by AclMittal (28.6%), Cliffs (26.8%), ad

U.S. Stl Caada (44.6%)] pducd 2.7 Mt f i pllts

(AclMittal, 2010, p. 53; Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010,

p. 57; Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, p. 1011).

Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd. (Tt, Caada)

sigd a ltt f agmt with Chias WISCo f th

ivstmt f $240 milli i tu f 19.9% f th shas

f Cslidatd Thmps. WISCo wuld als civ a

25% itst i th cmpay icpatd t pat th futu

Blm Lak i mi i Qubc. Blm Lak plad t

pduc 8 Mt/y f i , with xpasi pttial t

16 Mt/y. Iitial statup, althugh plad f lat 2009, was

pstpd t 2010 (Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd.,

2009).


8/23


Labad I Mis (LIM) Hldigs Ltd. (Tt, otai)

acquid a additial 50 Mt f DSo i th Pvic f Qubc.

The deal was comprised of ve separate transactions, in which

Schffvill Mis Ic. (a fully wd subsidiay f LIM)

btaid ights t sval pptis i difft stags f

xplati ad dvlpmt. Th DSo pptis a lcatd

a th cmpays plad wst Labad patis, which

w schduld t bgi pducti i mid-2010 (Gd,

2009).

China.I Ju, it was ptd that Chia discvd amassiv i dpsit with 3 Gt f i ptd svs

i th thast pvic f Liaig. Th Dataigu dpsit

has a gad f btw 25% ad 62% i ad was lcatd

btw 1.2 ad 2.0 km blw th sufac.

Chia ctiud t pt w pjct dvlpmts i

advac f th upcmig 2010 i pic gtiatis. It

was ptd that a i dpsit with 1 Gt f svs was

discvd i Luaa, Tagsha City, Hbi Pvic, i th

th pat f th cuty. Th Machg dpsit was ptd

t ctai a avag gad f 35% i ad was lcatd

btw 100 ad 600 mts blw th sufac. Th Hbi

Gvmt ptd that th dpsit wuld b dvlpd by

Hbi I & Stl Gup, th cutys scd ladig stlpduc (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010a).

Congo (Brazzaville).Xstata plc (Zug, Switzlad) plad

t ivst $50 milli t xpl th Zaaga i dpsit.

Zaaga is csidd a wld-class dpsit ad, if th sults f

the prefeasibility study were sufciently encouraging, Xstrata

plad t puchas th ppty ad bgi patis as s

as pssibl (ruts, 2009).

Liberia.Mmbs f th cutys paliamt aisd

ccs latd t th $2.6 billi agmt appvig

th dvlpmt f th Bg i dpsit by Chia

Ui Hldigs Ltd. (Shzh, Chia). Fial appval was

big withhld util issus latig t th basis f sm

tax exemptions were claried (Mining Journal, 2009a).AclMittal ptd a plad $1.5 billi i mi

statup wuld b dlayd wig t th dwtu f th glbal

cmy ad its ffct th stl makt. AclMittal still

planned to make its rst iron ore shipment from the Nimba Mine

i th thid quat f 2011, ad cstucti ad dvlpmt

wk wuld stat duig 2010 (Bishuvl, 2010).

Afica Aua Miig Ic. (Vacuv, Bitish Clumbia,

Caada) ptd ifd mial suc f 1.08 Gt

ctaiig a avag f 38% f i at th Cmpays Putu

jit vtu with Svstal. Th Putu i pjct is 38.5%

wd by Afica Aua. A pfasibility study was xpctd t

b cmpltd (Afica Aua Miig Ic., 2010, p. 1, 3, 6).

Peru.Shugag Gup (Chia), th pat cmpay f

Shugag Hi Pu S.A., aucd plas t ivst $1 billi

t dubl i pducti capacity at its Puvia i

patis by 2010. Th i pducti capacity was t b

aisd t 10 Mt/y (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009f).

Russia.I mid-Jauay, Mikhailvsky Miig & Pcssig

(MGoK), wd by Mtallivst Hldig C. (Mscw,

russia), sumd i pllt pducti, which it had shut

dw t pfm pcssig plat maitac duig a dcli

i i makt dmad. MGoK had shippd stckpild

pllts whil pducti was idld at th Lbdisky ad

Mikhailvsky Mis sic nvmb 2008 (Itfax Ltd.

russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, 2009).

oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks (Magitgsk,

russia) aucd th statup f i pducti at th

Ssvsky Mi i th Chlyabisk rgi. rsvs at th

Ssvsky dpsit w stimatd t b 70 Mt with a full

pducti at f btw 2.0 Mt/y ad 2.5 Mt/y, with 1

Mt/y f sit pducd by dy magtic spaati. Miig

ats f 370 Mt/y ad 500 Mt/y w aticipatd f 2009 ad2010, spctivly (oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks,

2009).

Saudi Arabia.Ld Miig Plc (Ld, Uitd

Kigdm) ptd 157 Mt f sucs with a avag

gad f 41.1% i at th Wadi Sawawi pspct. Th

fasibility study suggstd a u-f-mi pducti at f 11.6

Mt/y with a ability t pduc 5.5 Mt/y f dict-ducti

i pllts. Th iitial capital csts w stimatd t b $1.8

billi. Ld Miig wuld dvlp th pjct with Saudi

Aabias natial Miig C. (Miig Jual, 2009d).

South Africa.Kumba I o Ltd. (Ctui), th futh

ladig suppli f i f th sab tad, ctiud

wk th Klmla Mi, fmly kw as th SishSuth Mi. Th w mi, lcatd 70 km suthwst f th

xistig Sish Mi, was xpctd t bgi pducig i 2012,

with a aual pducti capacity f 9 Mt (Cam, 2009).

Sweden.At Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag (LKAB)

(Lul) i pllt pducti dcasd t 14.7 Mt fm

19.9 Mt i 2008. Pllt pducti was mst f th ttal

production, although 3.0 Mt of nes and minor special products

w pducd, a dcas i pducti f this matial fm

3.9 Mt i 2008. Dcasd pducti sultd fm all six

pellet plants being closed intermittently during the rst half

f th ya wig t dcliig makt cditis. LKAB

aucd Kiuas pv svs t b 598 Mt at 48.6%

i ctt, ad pbabl svs f a additial 76 Mtat 46.4% i ctt. Th cmpay ptd Malmbgts

pv svs t b 298 Mt at 43.8% i ctt,

ad pbabl svs f 52 Mt at 37.8% i ctt

(Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag, 2010, p. 5, 19).

Venezuela.Th Vzula Gvmt uilatally

assumd xclusiv ctl f th Matials Sidgics SA

(Matsi) 1.5-Mt/y ht biquttd i (HBI) plat, fmly

wd by Tais SA (Luxmbug). Th th pivatly

wd ht biquttd i pducs w i gtiatis f

th atializati f thi hldigs. Lat i th ya, fllwig

atializati f sval HBI plats, xtmly lw lvls f

HBI pducti w ptd. Tchical pblms, lab issus

ad utput cuts causd by lw pics ad dcasig dmad f

pduct all ctibutd t ths lw pducti lvls (Wik,

2009a, b).

Outlook

It appad that U.S. pducti i 2010 wuld icas

almst t 2008 lvls, ad idicatis w that cvy

fm th stg cmic dwtu wuld ctiu it 2011

with stl ad i pducti tuig t tags s

i th pvius dcad. Mst U.S. i pducti is sld


9/23


dictly t th dmstic stl idusty, althugh a lag amut

f dmstic is shippd t Caada ad small amuts a

gally xptd t th cutis. nith th dmstic

dpdc th patt f xpts t Caada is xpctd

t chag i th a futu, althugh chags i wship f

sm stl plats hav ld t mi chags i th cutis

fm which i is imptd.

Tds i th stl idusty a pvidd i th outlk

scti i th I ad Stl chapt f th 2009 USGS Mials

Yabk, vlum I, Mtals ad Mials. Th dvlpmt fpjcts, usig w ad xistig dict ducti tchlgy

big dvlpd i th Mista, was xpctd t

cuag gwth f th U.S. i idusty withi th xt

fw yas, as dvlpmts such as Stl Dyamics Msabi

nuggt pjct cms t full pducti ad essa Stls

Mista I pjct is built.

Th icas i Chis i impts i 2009 was a maj

idicat f gwth i th glbal i idusty. ovall

wld tad i i icasd ad itatial impts f

i ad pducti f i ad pig iky idicats

f i csumptipitd twad ctiud dpdc

by th glbal i idusty icasig Chis i

csumpti. Chia was bcmig icasigly ivlvd ivsas pjcts i Austalia ad th Afica ctit

thugh quity paticipati, which may wll affct th balac

f supply ad dmad f i i th midtm. Dwwad

pic pssus wuld b aticipatd as Chia acquis

additial sucs f supply, which may hlp t ffst ducd

supply fm Idia, wh it is xpctd that th dmstic stl

idusty will tak a lag sha f i pducti.

Fllwig th cmic dwtu, which ctiud thugh

mst f 2009, th aual bchmak systm f picig lst its

pdmiac i aual glbal i sals. It is xpctd

that m fqut bchmakig ad idics dvlpd

basd spt sals will bcm a much stg fact i th

dtmiati f futu picig. Th pssibility f dvlpiga cmmdity xchag f th sal f i still mais

may yas i th futu. Th w picig systm, f th sht

tm, appas t giv a advatag t th fw maj i

pducs with spct t th may stl cmpais dig t

mak puchass.

Dvlpmt f w i mis i th xt fw yas ca

b xpctd t add pducti capacity fast tha th gwth f

dmad, if ths pjcts alady csidd stgly pbabl

f cmig stam i th xt fw yas actually d. Althugh

supply is xpctd t mai tight i lati t dmad, sm

easing of the supply decit of iron ore needed to satisfy the iron

quimts f Chia ad Idias gwig stl idustis

ca b xpctd. This wuld pssibly lad t a lvlig ff f

pic gwth i 2010 thugh 2013.

nw dvlpmts ad gwth f DrI tchlgy wuld

allw th i idusty t bcm a maj suppli t a

xpadig DrI sct, as wll as t xistig custmsth

itgatd stl plats. Castal U.S. stl pducs alady ly

imptd DrI t supply a quality aw-matial iput t hlp

meet steel alloy purity specications, which cannot be obtained

slly usig taditial scap. Hwv, v i th vt f

stg glbal DrI gwth duig th xt dcad, DrI wuld b

abl t plac ly a small pti f th wlds blast fuac

production. Although no new greeneld pig iron facilities

hav b built i th Uitd Stats i th past 30 yas, ad

wig i pat t th ctiud slw gwth i th DrI makt,

th blast fuac, with its d f a assud supply f i ,

is xpctd t mai th maistay f th i ad stl idusty

i th immdiat futu.

References Cited

Afica Aua Miig Ic., 2010, 2009 aual pt ad accuts: Vacuv,Bitish Clumbia, Caada, Afica Aua Miig Ic., Apil 20, 48 p.

Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 2010, 2009 aual statistical pt:

Washigt, DC, Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 126 p.

Amica Mtal Makt, 2009, nws bifs: Amica Mtal Makt, v. 117,

. 33, Jauay 22, p. 8.

ArcelorMittal, 2010, Form 20FAnnual report for the scal year ended

Dcmb 31, 2009: Washigt, DC, Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi,

Fbuay 12, 159 p. (Accssd May 20, 2010, via http://

www.aclmittal.cm/.)

Atlas I Ltd., 2009, Atlas scus 6 milli ts f aual i pt

capacity: Wst Pth, Austalia, Atlas I Ltd. ws las, Apil 1, 1 p.

BHP Billit Ltd., 2009a, BHP Billit ad ri Tit updat ppsd i

pducti jit vtu: Mlbu, Austalia, BHP Billit Ltd. ws

las, octb 15, 1 p. (Accssd May 27, 2010, via http://

www.bhpbillit.cm/.)

BHP Billit Ltd., 2009b, ri Tit ad BHP Billit auc WstAustalia i pducti jit vtu: Mlbu, Austalia, BHP

Billit Ltd. ws las, Ju 5, 13 p. (Accssd August 12, 2009, via

http://www.bhpbillit.cm/.)

BHP Billit Ltd., 2010a, BHP Billit pducti pt f th half ya dd

31 Dcmb 2009: Mlbu, Austalia, BHP Billit Ltd. ws las,

Jauay 20, 15 p. (Accssd Ju 22, 2010, via http://www.bhpbillit.cm/.)

BHP Billit Ltd., 2010b, BHP Billit quatly pt xplati ad

dvlpmt activitis quat dd 31 Dcmb 2009: Mlbu,

Austalia, BHP Billit Ltd. ws las, Jauay 20, 5 p. (Accssd

Jauay 18, 2011, via http://www.bhpbillit.cm/.)

Bishuvl, Thmas, 2010, AclMittals Libia vtu with BHP may

tipl utput: Blmbg Busisswk, Fbuay 12. (Accssd

Jauay 21, 2011, at http://www.busisswk.cm/ws/2010-02-12/

aclmittal-s-libia-vtu-with-bhp-may-tipl-utput.html.)

Bw, Mick, 2009, USS Mitac Mi st f hit, Ill. cuts gw: Amica

Mtal Makt, v. 117, . 81, Fbuay 23, p. 7.Bidal, ray, 2009, BHP-ri dal passs must: Th Wall Stt Jual,

Ju 18, p. B3.

Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2009a, Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. aucs

denitive agreement to acquire chromite deposits from Freewest Resources

Caada, Ic.: Clvlad, oH, Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. ws las,

nvmb 23, 4 p. (Accssd May 27, 2010, via http://

www.cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)

Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2009b, Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. pvids

nth Amica busiss uit updat: Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., July 2,

1 p. (Accssd July 2, 2009, via http://www. cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)

Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2009c, Cliffs natual rsucs t xcis

right of rst refusal and acquire partners 73.2% interest in Wabush Mines:

Clvlad, oH, Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. ws las, octb 12, 3 p.

(Accssd May 27, 2010, via http://www.cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)

Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, Fm 10KFiscal ya 2009: Washigt

DC, Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi, Fbuay 18, 171 p. (AccssdJauay 7, 2011, via http://www.cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)

Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd., 2009, Cslidatd Thmps

aucs US$240 milli statgic ivstmt fm Wuha I ad Stl

Gup: Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd. ws las, Mach 30, 2 p

(Accssd Ju 12, 2009, via http://www.cslidatdthmps.cm/.)

Creamer, Martin, 2009, How new Kolomela mine ts into Kumbas overall

i- busiss: Cam Mdias Miig Wkly, Dcmb 4. (Accssd

Jauay 21, 2011, at http://www.miigwkly.cm/pit-vsi/

how-new-kolomela-mine-ts-into-kumbas-overall-iron-ore-

busiss-2009-12-04.)

Dig, Liam, 2009, BHP swigs th hamm at th i makt: Th Wall

Stt Jual, July 30, p. C10.


10/23


Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd., 2009, Chias nDrC appvs Vali ivstmt:

east Pth, Austalia, Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd. mdia las, Apil 22,

2 p.

Gd, Lisa, 2009, Labad I puchass build hldigs: Amica

Mtal Makt, v. 117, . 511, Dcmb 21, p. 7.

Gat Laks & Saway Shippig nws, 2009, S Lcks cls tday, p

Mach 25: Sault St. Mai, MI, Gat Laks & Saway Shippig nws,

Jauay 15. (Accssd Jauay 10, 2011, via http://www.batd.cm/.)

Itfax Ltd.russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, 2009, Mtallivsts

MGoK miig uit sums pducti: Mscw, russia, Itfax Ltd.

russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, v. xix, issu 1, Jauay 15, p. 24.

Lak Cais Assciati, 2010a, 2009 Gat Laks i ttal lwst sic

1938: Clvlad, oH, Lak Cais Assciati ws las, Jauay 7,1 p.

Lak Cais Assciati, 2010b, I shipmts fm Gat Laks ad

Saway pts t Gat Laks dstiatisYa-t-dat 2004-2009 ad

5-ya avag: Clvlad, oH, Lak Cais Assciati, Jauay 7, 2 p.

Li, Hgmi, 2009, Chia sks asabl 2009 i pic, says Cisas

Sha: Mtal Bullti, . 9079, Jauay 5, p. 13.

Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag, 2010, Aual pt ad sustaiability

pt 2009: Lul, Swd, Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag,

Mach 26, 110 p.

Matthews, R.G., 2009a, Steel rms close in on cheaper iron ore: The Wall Street

Jual, Apil 17, p. B3.

Matthws, r.G., 2009b, ValMi t fllw BHP, ri i Chia -pic

dals: Th Wall Stt Jual, July 31, p. B4.

Mtal Bullti, 2009a, Austalia: Mtal Bullti, . 9125, nvmb 23, p. 21.

Metal Bulletin, 2009b, Cisa sends representative to iron ore talks for the rst

tim: Mtal Bullti, . 9086, Fbuay 23, p. 14.Mtal Bullti, 2009c, Cisa was f suplus i Q4: Mtal Bullti, . 9123,

nvmb 9, p. 22.

Mtal Bullti, 2009d, I assciati fmd: Mtal Bullti, . 9110,

August 10, p. 26.

Mtal Bullti, 2009, nth AmicaMagtati: Mtal Bullti, . 9088,

Mach 9, p. 17.

Mtal Bullti, 2009f, Th sigl paty systm: Mtal Bullti, . 9120,

octb 19, p. 3.

Midx Tchlgis, Ic., 2010, 2009 Wld dict ducti statistics:

Chaltt, nC, Midx Tchlgis, Ic., 1st quat, 12 p. (Accssd

Jauay 15, 2011, via http://www.midx.cm/.)

Miig Jual, 2009a, Bg dal quis: Miig Jual, Fbuay 27, p. 7.

Miig Jual, 2009b, Ftscu scus i- bchmak: Miig Jual,

August 21, p. 1.

Miig Jual, 2009c, rqust f xpssi f itstHajigak i

dpsit: Miig Jual, Mach 27, p. 23.Miig Jual, 2009d, Saudi Aabia i pla viabl: Miig Jual,

Fbuay 27, p. 9.

Miig Jual, 2009, WISCo clad f Austalia i- ivstmt:

Miig Jual, nvmb 6, p. 4.

Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2009, 2009 Mista miig tax guid:

evlth, Mn, Mista Dpatmt f rvu, nvmb, 59 p.

Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2010, 2010 Mista miig tax guid:

evlth, Mn, Mista Dpatmt f rvu, nvmb, 59 p.

MMX Mia Mtlics S.A., 2009, Tchical pt f Sa Azuls

mial sucs: ri d Jai, Bazil, MMX Mia Mtlics S.A.

ws las, Apil 6, 1 p. (Accssd Ju 30, 2009, at http://mmx.ifivst.

cm.b/u/1448/CmuicadrlatiSrK_igFInAL.pdf.)

oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks, 2009, MMK stats pducti at its

Ssvsky i dpsit: oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks pss

las, August 11, 1 p. (Accssd August 13, 2009, via http://www.mmk.u/.)

rdm, Chis, 2009, Th xt i ush: Ftu, v. 159, . 11, May 25,

p. 8490.

ruts, 2009, Xstata mvs it i- with Cg-rp pjct: Cam

Mdia (Pty) Ltd., nvmb 24. (Accssd nvmb 25, 2009, via http://

www.miigwkly.cm/.)

ri Tit plc, 2010, 2009 aual pt: Ld, Uitd Kigdm, ri Tit

plc, Mach 5, 237 p.

ritchi, Mati, 2009, Hus ast sds waig t supplis t tak ca wh

dig busiss i Chia: Mtal Bullti, . 9106, July 13, p. 18.

Rupert, James, and Najazada, Eltafm, 2010, Afghanistan to scrap iron mine

bids v taspacy issus: Blmbg Busisswk, Fbuay 2.

(Accssd Jauay 18, 2011, at http://www.busisswk.cm/ws/

2010-02-02/afghaista-t-scap-i-mi-bids-v-taspacy-issus.

html.)

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009a, BHP cmplts rapid Gwth Pjct 4:

Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 12, Dcmb, p. 9.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009b, Ktac wks gt big lt dw: Skilligs

Miig rviw, v. 98, . 11, nvmb, p. 6.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009c, Msabi nuggtA stady psc f th

rag: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 12, Dcmb, p. 45.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009d, Mitac statig pducti lis: Skilligs

Miig rviw, v. 98, . 9, Sptmb, p. 9.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009, nthsh xtds shutdw: Skilligs

Miig rviw, v. 98, . 6, Ju, p. 8.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009f, Shugag t ivst $1 billi Puviapati: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 3, Mach, p. 36.

Skillings Mining Review, 2010a, China nds 1 billion ton iron ore deposit:

Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 1, Jauay, p. 12.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, 2010 nth Amica i udup:

Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 7, July, p. 8, 1215.

Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010c, 2010 nth Amica i udup

ctiud: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 8, August, p. 6, 7.

Stl Dyamics, Ic., 2010, Aual pt 2009: Ft Way, In, Stl

Dyamics, Ic., Apil 9, 16 p. (Accssd May 17, 2010, via http://

www.stldyamics.cm/.)

TeX rpt, Th, 2009a, Austalia HIsmlt plat placd ca, maitac

pgam: Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9696, Mach 27, p. 4.

TeX rpt, Th, 2009b, Austalias FIrB appvs Gidalbi Mtals sha

placmt t Astl: Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9725, May 13, p. 4.

TeX rpt, Th, 2009c, Chias May 09 i impts g high at 53 Mt:

Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9747, Ju 12, p. 5.TeX rpt, Th, 2009d, Chis MoF aiss VAT imptd i : Th

TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9641, Jauay 6, p. 1.

TeX rpt, Th, 2010, Chias i impts i CY 2009: Th TeX rpt,

v. 42, . 9895, Jauay 27, p. 78.

Thompson, Dionne, 2009, Rio settles with Japanese millsDown 33% for nes

ad dw 44% f lump: Mtal Bullti, . 9100, Ju 1, p. 13.

Uitd natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010, Th i

makt20092011: Gva, Switzlad, Uitd natis Cfc

Tad ad Dvlpmt, Ju, 121 p.

Uitd Stats Stl Cp., 2010, 2009 aual pt ad fm 10K: Pittsbugh,

PA, Uitd Stats Stl Cp., Fbuay 24, 99 p. ad appdix. (Accssd

May 18, 2010, via http://www.usstl.cm/.)

Val S.A., 2009a, Val adpts a w cpat amVal S.A.: ri d Jai

Bazil, Val S.A. ws las, May 22, 1 p. (Accssd Ju 30, 2009, via

http://www.val.cm/.)

Val S.A., 2009b, Val ccluds th acquisiti f Cumb: ri d Jai,Bazil, Val S.A. pss las, Sptmb 18, 1 p. (Accssd Apil 29, 2010,

via http://www.val.cm/.)

Val S.A., 2009c, Val t acqui i ad ptash assts: ri d Jai,

Bazil, Val S.A. ws las, Jauay 30, 1 p. (Accssd May 22, 2009, via

http://www.val.cm/.)

Val S.A., 2010, Val2009 pducti pt: ri d Jai, Bazil, Val

S.A., Fbuay 10, 14 p. (Accssd Ju 22, 2010, via http://www.val.cm/.)

Wall Street Journal, The, 2009, Fortescue Metals to seek China nancing: The

Wall Stt Jual, May 11, p. B6.

Wlch, Kathi, 2009, Ftscu fuds itslf as Chis dal fails: Miig

Jual, octb 16, p. 6.

Wik, Jua, 2009a, Vzula HBI utput st f dldums i octb p

pics, tchical hitchs: Mtal Bullti, . 9120, octb 19, p. 17.

Wik, Jua, 2009b, Vzula taks ctl f Matsi as cmmissis stat wk

with th HBI pducs: Mtal Bullti, . 9112, August 24, p. 12.

Wilshaw, Blak, 2009, Cc v Chias ivstmts: Miig Jual,

Fbuay 27, p. 1.

Wils, Alx, ost, Shai, ad Caw, rick, 2009, Chialcs dal f ri facs

tw w hudls: Th Wall Stt Jual, Fbuay 13, p. B3.

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Publications

I. Ch. i Uitd Stats Mial rsucs, Pfssial

Pap 820, 1973.


11/23


Itatial I ad Stl Istitut.

I ad Stl Scity.

I o. Ch. i Mial Facts ad Pblms, U.S. Buau f

Mis Bullti 675, 1985.

natual rsucs Caada.

rskill Ifmati Svics Ltd. pts.

Skilligs Mista Miig Dicty, aual.

TeX rpt, Th, ad I o Maual, aual.

Uitd natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt:

Tust Fud Pjct I o Ifmati.U.S. Dpatmt f egy, egy Ifmati Admiistati.

U.S. Dpatmt f Lab, Mi Safty ad Halth

Admiistati.

TABLe 1

SALIenT Iron ore STATISTICS1

(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas ulss thwis spcifid)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Uitd Stats, i , usabl, lss tha 5% magas:2

Pducti 54,300 52,700 52,500 53,600 26,700

Shipmts:

Quatity 53,200 52,700 50,900 53,600

27,600

Valu 2,370,000 2,840,000 3,040,000 3,770,000 2,560,000

Avag valu at mis dllas p mtic t 44.50 53.88 59.64 70.43 92.76

expts:

Quatity 11,800 8,270 9,310 11,100 3,920

Valu 584,000 636,000 718,000 1,240,000 356,000

Impts f csumpti:

Quatity 13,000 11,500 9,400 9,250 3,870

Valu 532,000 611,000 543,000 918,000 376,000

Csumpti, i ad agglmats 60,100 58,200 54,700 51,900 31,000

Stcks, Dcmb 31:

At mis, plats ad ladig dcks3 2,040 1,650 4 2,090 4 4,070 4 5,060 4

At civig dcks5 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)

At csumig plats (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)

Ttal7 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)

Additial stcks, Dcmb 31:

Cud at mis ad plats 915 1,1404

7494

9474

5804

Uagglmatd cctats f plltizig plats 1,870 1,260 1,550 1,320 896

Wld, pducti8 1,550,000 1,840,000 2,040,000 2,210,000 2,240,000

estimatd.

rvisd.

1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.

2Dict-shippig , cctats, agglmats, ad bypduct .

3

excluds bypduct .4Cud stcks ad uagglmatd cctats f plltizig plats mvd. Maktabl stcks ly.

5Tasf ad/ civig dcks f lw Gat Lak pts.

6Amica I ad Stl Istitut lg cllcts this data as f 2004.

7Sum f stcks at mis, csumig plats, ad U.S. dcks.

8Gss wight.

I o. Ch. i Mtal Pics i th Uitd Stats Thugh 1998,

U.S. Glgical Suvy Spcial Publicati, 1999.

I o. Ch. i Mial Cmmdity Summais, aual.

I o. Mial Idusty Suvys, mthly.

Other

Amica Mtal Makt.

Assciati f I ad Stl egis.

Cmpay aual pts t stckhlds ad 10K pts t

Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi.egiig ad Miig Jual.

Istitut Lak Supi Glgy.


12/23


TABLe 2

eMPLoYMenT AT Iron ore MIneS AnD BeneFICIATInG PLAnTS, QUAnTITY AnD Tenor oF ore ProDUCeD, AnD AVerAGe

oUTPUT Per WorKer HoUr In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT AnD STATe1

Pducti

I ctaid I Avag quatity p wk hu

Avag Cud Usabl i usabl ctt (mtic ts)

umb f Wk hus (thusad (thusad (thusad atual I

Distict ad Stat mplys (thusads) mtic ts) mtic ts) mtic ts) (pct) Cud Usabl ctaid

Lak Supi:

Michiga2 1,170 2,430 21,800 8,300 5,000 60.3 8.96 3.41 2.06

Mista 2,300 4,430 59,000 18,400 11,500 62.8 13.32 4.15 2.61

Ttal avag 3,470 6,860 80,800 26,700 16,500 62.0 11.78 3.89 2.41

oth Stats3 56 116 14 14 8 54.0 0.12 0.12 0.07

Gad ttal avag 3,530 6,980 80,800 26,700 16,500 62.0 11.58 3.83 2.371Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt Avag p wk hu, cud may t add t ttals shw.

2Ds t iclud pfssial clical wks at mis, plltizig plats, maitac shps, sach lab wks.

3Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.

TABLe 3

CrUDe Iron ore MIneD In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT,

STATe, AnD MInInG MeTHoD1, 2

op pit Udgud Ttal

numb (thusad (thusad (thusad

Distict ad Stat f mis mtic ts) mtic ts) mtic ts)

Lak Supi:

Michiga 2 21,800 -- 21,800

Mista 6 59,000 -- 59,000

Ttal 8 80,800 -- 80,800

oth Stats 4 14 -- 14

Gad ttal 12 80,800 -- 80,800

-- Z.1Icluds sm bypduct . excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.

2Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t

ttals shw.


13/23


TABLe 4

USABLe Iron ore ProDUCeD In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT,

STATe, AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2

(Thusad mtic ts)

Dict oth

Distict ad Stat shippig Cctats Sit agglmats3 Ttal

Lak Supi:

Michiga 2 -- -- 8,300 8,300

Mista -- 271 65 18,000 18,400

Ttal 2 271 65 26,300 26,700

oth Stats4 -- 14 -- -- 14

Gad ttal 2 285 65 26,300 26,700

-- Z.1excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.


3Data may iclud pllt chips, scigs, ad sit.

4Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.

TABLe 5

SHIPMenTS oF USABLe Iron ore FroM MIneS In THe UnITeD STATeS In 20091, 2

Avag

Gss wight f shippd i(thusad mtic ts) ctt,

Dict oth atual Valu

Distict ad Stat shippig Cctats Sit agglmats Ttal (pct) (thusads)

Lak Supi:

Michiga 2 -- -- 8,870 3 8,870 3 60.3 W

Mista -- 271 77 18,400 18,700 62.8 W

Ttal ptabl avag 2 271 77 27,200 27,600 62.0 $2,560,000

oth Stats4 -- 14 -- -- 14 54.0 921

Gad ttal avag 2 285 77 27,200 27,600 62.0 2,560,000

W Withhld t avid disclsig cmpay ppitay data; icludd i Ttal ptabl avag. -- Z.1Icluds bypduct . excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.


3Suc ptd t Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi.4Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.


14/23


TABLe 6

Iron ore-ProDUCInG MIneS In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009

Stat ad mi Cuty opat Suc f i

Califia:

Baxt Mi Sa Badi Hahm Itatial Ic. Quaid .

Ddg 21 Yuba Cal Sia Dvlpmt Ic. Ddgd sads.

Silvlak Mi Sa Badi Hahm Itatial Ic. Quaid .

Michiga:

empi Maqutt Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. Magtit tacit .

Tild d. d. Hmatit-magtit tacit .

Mista:

Hibbig Tacit Sait Luis d. Magtit tacit .

Kwati Tacit d. Uitd Stats Stl Cpati D.

Msabi Chif Plat d. Magtati, Ic. Hmatit tailigs.

Mitac d. Uitd Stats Stl Cpati Magtit tacit .

Mica d. AclMittal D.

nthsh d. Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. D.

Uitd Tacit d. d. D.

Suth Dakta, CF & I Pit Lawc Pt Li & Ss Ic. Quaid .

D., d. Ditt.

TABLe 7

ConSUMPTIon oF Iron ore AT U.S. Iron

AnD STeeL PLAnTS, BY TYPe oF ProDUCT1

(Thusad mtic ts)

Typ f pduct 2008 2009Blast fuacs:

Dict-shippig -- --

Pllts 43,800 26,200

Sit2 6,380 3,720

Ttal 50,200 29,900

Stlmakig fuacs:

Dict-shippig 465 327

Sit2 118 91

Ttal 583 417

Gad ttal 50,700 30,400

-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat

digits; may t add t ttals shw.2Icluds biqutts, duls, ad th.

Suc: Amica I ad Stl Istitut.


15/23


TABLe 8

U.S. ConSUMPTIon oF Iron ore For

DIreCT-reDUCeD Iron AnD nonSTeeL enD USeS1, 2

(Thusad mtic ts)

Dict-ducd

i f nstl

Ya stlmakig3

d uss4 Ttal

2005 330 928 1,2602006 360 867 1,230

2007 375 699 1,070

2008 390 734 1,120

2009 -- 603 603

-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits;

may t add t ttals shw.2Icluds agglmats. excluds ctaiig 5% m

magas.3U.S. Glgical Suvy stimats basd pducti

pts cmpild by Midx Cp.4A stimat, which icluds i csumd i pducti

f cmt ad i shippd f us i maufactuigpait, fits, havy mdia, cattl fd, facty ad

wighig matials, ad f us i lad smltig.

TABLe 9

U.S. eXPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CoUnTrY oF DeSTInATIon1, 2

(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas)

2008 2009

Cuty Quatity Valu Quatity Valu

Algia 80 $7,690 -- --

Blgium 218 20,900 194 $18,600

Caada 9,030 1,020,000 3,060 276,000

Chia 91 7,210 99 5,800

Clmbia 12 946 20 1,210

Czch rpublic 83 7,930 -- --

Fac 210 20,100 179 17,200

Gmay 156 14,900 234 22,400

Malaysia 25 499 1 60

Mxic 328 43,200 70 8,730

Plad 103 9,890 -- --

rmaia 129 12,400 -- --

Sbia 51 7,850 -- --

Slvakia 505 61,700 -- --

Suth Afica -- -- 53 5,050

Spai 103 9,770 -- --Swd 4 291 6 427

oth3 13 1,620 6 442

Ttal 11,100 1,240,000 3,920 356,000

rvisd. -- Z.


2Icluds agglmats.

3Icluds all cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f xpts fm th Uitd

Stats i 2008 ad 2009. This psts 13 cutis i 2008 ad 16 cutis i 2009.

Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.


16/23


TABLe 10

U.S. eXPorTS oF Iron ore, BY TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2

2008 2009

Uit Uit

Quatity valu3, 4 Quatity valu

3, 4

(thusad Valu (dllas p (thusad Valu (dllas p

Typ f pduct mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t) mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t)

Cctats 142 $13,000 91.24 123 $7,850 63.84

Cas s 45 1,160 25.63 4 182 45.50Fi s 136 12,500 91.71 25 1,560 62.52

Pllts 10,800 1,220,000 112.64 3,760 346,000 92.10

Biqutts (5) 4 79.15 3 259 86.33

oth agglmats 19 1,100 13.37 (5) 22 80.00

rastd pyits 1 102 90.66 1 71 71.00

Ttal 11,100 1,240,000 111.67 3,920 356,000 90.97

rvisd.

1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt uit valu; may t add t ttals shw.

2Icluds agglmats.

3Uit valus shw a calculatd fm uudd data.

4Wightd avag calculatd fm uudd data by dividig ttal valu by ttal tag.

5Lss tha uit.



17/23


TABLe 11

U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CoUnTrY AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2

2008 2009

Uit Uit

Quatity valu3, 4 Quatity valu

3, 4

Cuty ad (thusad Valu (dllas p (thusad Valu (dllas p

typ f pduct mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t) mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t)

Cuty:

Bsia ad Hzgvia 23 $1,570 68.43 -- -- --Bazil 2,620 216,000 82.45 188 $13,100 69.65

Caada 5,900 645,000 109.35 3,140 323,000 102.70

Chil 215 16,800 78.25 203 16,100 79.14

Chia 14 266 19.00 (5) 2 33.33

Filad 6 233 38.83 6 367 61.17

Mxic 52 4,290 82.56 55 4,610 83.73

Pu 59 3,100 52.59 34 1,670 49.03

russia 127 16,000 126.06 136 8,240 60.60

Suth Afica -- -- -- 43 2,980 69.23

Swd 88 4,540 51.59 31 3,190 102.74

Switzlad 70 5,410 77.29 -- -- --

Uitd Kigdm -- -- -- 8 1,630 203.75

Vzula 68 4,210 61.85 21 825 39.29

oth6 4 185 98.92 8 224 39.75

Ttal 9,250 918,000 99.26 3,870 376,000 96.97

Typ f pduct:

Cctats 1,250 92,200 73.79 283 22,300 78.95

Cas s 48 1,970 41.10 16 2,330 145.50

Fi s 1,980 149,000 75.59 466 34,900 74.91

Pllts 5,960 674,000 113.03 3,100 315,000 101.90

Biqutts 1 97 97.00 4 159 39.75

oth agglmats -- -- -- 3 104 34.67

rastd pyits 12 537 44.75 6 367 61.17

Ttal 9,250 918,000 99.26 3,870 376,000 96.97

-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt uit valu; may t add t ttals shw.

2Icluds agglmats.

3Uit valus shw a calculatd fm uudd data.

4Wightd avag calculatd fm uudd data by dividig ttal valu by ttal tag.

5Lss tha uit.

6Icluds fu cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f impts t th Uitd Stats i bth 2008 ad 2009.



18/23


TABLe 12

U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore In 2009, BY CoUnTrY AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2

(Thusad mtic ts)

Biqutts

Cas Fi ad th rastd

Cuty f igi Cctats s s Pllts agglmats pyits Ttal

Bazil -- -- 150 38 -- -- 188

Caada -- -- 245 2,900 -- -- 3,140

Chil 198 -- 5 -- -- -- 203

Filad -- -- -- -- -- 6 6

Mxic 52 -- -- -- 3 -- 55

Pu -- -- 29 5 -- -- 34

russia -- -- -- 136 -- -- 136

Suth Afica 33 8 2 -- -- -- 43

Swd -- -- 31 -- -- -- 31

Uitd Kigdm -- 8 -- -- -- -- 8

Vzula -- -- -- 21 -- -- 21

oth3 -- (4) 4 -- 4 -- 8

Ttal 283 16 466 3,100 7 6 3,870

-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.

2Icluds agglmats.

3Icluds all cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f impts t th Uitd Stats. This psts th cutis.

4Lss tha uit.


TABLe 13

AVerAGe UnIT VALUe For SeLeCTeD IMPorTS oF Iron ore In 20091

Avag uit valu2

(dllas p mtic t,

Typ f pduct Cuty f igi gss wight)

Cctats Chil 79.53

D. Mxic 86.33

D. Suth Afica 64.28

Fi s Bazil 63.96

D. Caada 82.29

D. Pu 47.97

D. Swd 102.12

Pllts Bazil 93.23

D. Caada 104.44D. russia 60.68

D. Ditt.1Icluds agglmats.

2Wightd avags f idividual custms valus.



19/23


Custms distict Quatity Valu Quatity Valu

Baltim, MD 3,590 $338,000 781 $67,400

Buffal, nY 1 43 -- --

Chalst, SC 28 647 6 151

Chicag, IL 1,160 81,600 637 45,000

Clvlad, oH 3,160 384,000 1,860 213,000

Dtit, MI (3) 4 -- --

Hust-Galvst, TX 51 5,870 38 3,510

Ls Agls, CA -- -- (3) 1

Miaplis, Mn 103 9,660 -- --

Mbil, AL 74 4,570 28 2,270

nw olas, LA 1,020 91,400 465 41,400

nw Yk, nY 1 28 -- --

ngals, AZ -- -- 3 175

nflk, VA 10 649 -- --

ogdsbug, nY 12 223 18 325

Philadlphia, PA 6 249 6 367

Pt Athu, TX -- -- 8 1,630Sattl, WA -- -- 28 513

Tampa, FL 24 1,490 -- --

Ttal 9,250 918,000 3,870 376,000

-- Z.

2Icluds agglmats.

3Lss tha uit.


2008 2009

TABLe 14

U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CUSToMS DISTrICT1, 2



TABLe 15

U.S. IMPorTS oF PeLLeTS, BY CoUnTrY1


2008 2009

Cuty Quatity Valu Quatity Valu

Bsia ad Hzgvia 23 $1,570 -- --

Bazil 616 65,600 38 $3,510Caada 5,240 602,000 2,900 303,000

Pu 18 736 5 283

russia -- -- 136 8,240

Vzula 68 4,210 21 825

Ttal 5,960 674,000 3,100 315,000

-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.



20/23


TABLe 16

SeLeCTeD PrICeS For Iron ore In THe JAPAneSe MArKeT1

(Cts p dy lg t uit f i ulss thwis spcifid)

Apil 1-Mach 31

Cuty ad pduc o typs Fiscal ya 2008 Fiscal ya 2009

Austalia:

Hamsly I Ppitay Limitd ad Mut nwma Miig Cmpay

Ppitay Limitd

2

Lump 201.69 112.00D.

2 Fis 144.66 97.00

rb riv I Assciats2 d. 115.30 77.31

BHP Billit (Yadi)2 d. 144.66 97.00

Ftscu Mtals Gup d. nA 94.00

Bazil:

Cmpahia nip-Basilia d Pltizaca (nibasc)2 Pllts 213.59 110.43

Val S.A. (Caajs)2 Fis 125.17 89.87

Val S.A. (Itabia)2 d. 118.98 85.43

Mias Basilias ruidas Scit Aym Lump 181.78 100.94

D. Fis nA nA

Samac Miac Scit Aym Pllts 213.59 3 110.43 3

Caada, I o Cmpay f Caada (Cal Lak) Cctats 117.27 84.20

Chil:

Mia dl Pacific Scit Aym (Huasc) Pllts 104.99 nA

Mia dl Pacific Scit Aym (el rmal) Fis 93.65 67.24

Idia:

Mials ad Mtals Tadig Cpati (Bailadila) Lump 198.68 110.33

D. Fis 141.12 94.62

Pu, Shugag Hi Pu S.A.A. Pllt fd 92.47 66.39

Suth Afica:

Kumba rsucs Limitd (Isc) Lump 165.89 92.12

Assmag Limitd d. 163.92 91.02

D. Fis 108.05 72.45

Vzula, Cpaci Vzlaa d Guayaa2 Pllt fd 94.28 67.69

D., d. Ditt. nA nt availabl.

1F bad shippig pt basis.2Cts p dy mtic t uit.

3Blast fuac gad pllts.

Sucs: Tust Fud Pjct I o Ifmati, I o Statisticsoctb 2010. Th TeX rpt, I o Maual 2009.


21/23


Cuty5

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Algia

1

,579

2,340

1,982

2,077

2,000

800

1,180

1,000

1,050

1,040

Austalia

262

,000

275,000

299,000

342,000

394,000

163,000

171,000

194,000

209,000

228,000

Austia

2

,048

2,093

2,153

2,033

1,500

665

669

689

650

480

Azbaija

7

11

18

28

--6

4

6

9

14,

--

BsiaadHzgvia

3

,177

3,440

2,944

2,667

2,600

1,500

1,450

1,240

1,200,

1,100

Bazil

281

,462

317,800

354,674

351,246

300,000p,

186,891

211,020

235,504

233,200

199,200p,6

Caada7

30

,387

33,543

32,744

31,273

31,700

19,333

21,341

20,800

19,700

19,700

Chil

7

,862

8,628

8,818

9,316

8,2426

4,707

5,235

5,379

5,670

5,0066

Chia,8

420

,000

601,000

707,000

824,000

880,000

138,000

198,000

233,000

270,000

280,000

Clmbia

608

644

624

475

500

325

351

350

200

200

egypt

1

,590

1,600

2,1856

1,8116

1,800

800

800

1,100

910

900

Gmay9

362

412

422

455

350

38

44

44

48,

37

Gc,10

1

,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

575

575

575

575

570

Guatmala

11

7

31

(11)

56

7,

5,

20,

(11),

4

Idia

152

,000

181,000

202,000

220,000

245,000

97,500

117,000

129,000

142,000

157,000

Idsia

32

88

61

65

63

18

50

35

37

36

Ia,12

19

,000

26,2446

31,5386

32,000

33,000

9,000

13,000

15,000

15,000

16,000

Kazakhsta

19

,471

22,263

23,834

22,700

22,2906

11,100

12,700

13,600

13,000

12,800

Kya

(11)6

(11)

(11)

(11)

(11)

(11)6

(11)

(11)

(11)

(11)

Ka,nth

5

,000

5,040

5,130

5,136,6

5,000

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,488,6

1,400

Ka,rpublicf

213

227

291

366

3606

119

155

163

205

200

Macdia

10

10

--

--6

--

6

6

--

--6

--

Malaysia

950

667

802

982

950

541

380

457

560,

532

Mauitaia

11

,133

10,658

11,817

11,200

10,4006

7,240

7,250

7,700

7,280

6,760

Mxic13

11

,687

10,983

10,916

11,688

11,600

7,012

6,590

6,550

7,013

7,000

Mglia

168

180

265

1,387

1,000

109

116

170

888

600

Mcc

10

10

10

10

10

5

5

5

5

5

nwZalad14

2

,270

2,146

1,723

2,020

2,000

1,260

1,220

982

1,200,

1,200

nigia

60

886

586

626

50

22

32

21

23

16

nway

620

620

620

668

7116

420

420

400

430

460

Pakista15

50

130

207

250

270

25

65

104

125

135

Pu

6

,810

7,138

7,614

7,823

6,6986

4,638

4,862

5,186

5,244

4,4906

Ptugal,16

14

14

14

14

14

10

10

10

10

10

rmaia

265

123

45

--

--

69

40

11

--

--

Sfttsatdftabl.

TABLe17

Ironore:WorLDProDUCTIon,BYCoUnTrY1,2

(Thusadmticts)

Gsswight3

Mtalctt4


22/23


23/23

TABLe 18

Iron ore: WorLD PeLLeTIZInG CAPACITY,

BY ConTInenT AnD CoUnTrY In 20091

ratd capacity,

gss wight

(milli mtic ts)

nth Amica:

Caada 27.5

Mxic 15.0

Uitd Stats 56.6

Ttal 99.1

Suth Amica:

Bazil 56.0

Chil 5.3

Pu 3.5

Vzula 11.8

Ttal 76.6

eup ad Ctal euasia:

Kazakhsta 8.4

nthlads 4.4

russia 31.4

Slvakia 0.4

Swd 21.0

Tuky 1.5

Ukai 33.5

Ttal 100.6

Asia:

Bahai 4.0

Chia 45.0

Idia 26.7

Ia 12.3

Japa 3.0

Ttal 91.0

ocaia, Austalia 4.3

Gad ttal 371.6

estimatd. rvisd.1Data may t add t ttals shw bcaus f idpdt udig.

Sucs: Itatial I ad Stl Istitut; Uitd

natis Cmmissi Tad ad Dvlpmt, Tust

Fud I o Ifmati; U.S. Glgical Suvy.

2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf

Documents

Transcript of 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf