2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the...
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![Page 1: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Chapter 2: Vocabulary
Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith
![Page 2: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:
• How do you remember new words?• What are context clues?• Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?• What will you find in a dictionary?• What is a glossary?• What is a thesaurus?• What are analogies?• What are acronyms?• How are transitional words used?
![Page 3: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Use Mnemonic Devices• Example: To remember that
suppression means “to force out bad thoughts,” visualize SUPerman PRESSing evil thoughts away. Or remember the Superman movies.
![Page 4: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Associate Words in Phrases• Associate Words with Rhymes
or Sounds• Associate Words with Images• Associate Words in Families• Seek Reinforcement• Create Concept Cards
![Page 5: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Context Clues
• Definition or Synonym
• Elaborating Details
• Examples
• Comparison
• Contrast
• Antonyms
![Page 6: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Understanding the Structure of Words
• Prefixes
• Suffixes
• Roots
• Word Families
![Page 7: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Dictionary
• Guide Words.
• Pronunciation.
• Part of Speech.
• Spellings.
• Origin.
• Multiple Meanings.
![Page 8: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Word Origins - Etymology
• Bribe means - Favor or money given for influence
• Origin - French bread given to a beggar
![Page 9: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Glossary
A glossary is usually found at the end of a book or chapter.
Sometimes the glossary and the index are combined.
![Page 10: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a ThesaurusSuggested Synonyms for Common Words
Delinquency
Fault
Guilt Misconduct
Shame
Transgression
![Page 11: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Analogies
• Analogies are comparisons that call upon your word knowledge and your ability to see relationships.
• You can use these relationships to figure out a word.
• Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR Fork is to eat as television is to entertain.
![Page 12: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: Categories of Analogy Relationships
• Synonyms
• Antonyms
• Function, use, or purpose
• Classification
• Characteristics and descriptions
• Degree
• Part to whole
• Cause and effect
![Page 13: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Synonyms)
Synonyms: similar in meaning
Example: Find is to locate as hope is to wish.
![Page 14: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Antonyms)
Antonyms: Opposite in meaning
Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite.
![Page 15: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Function)
Function, use, or purpose: Identifies what something does, watch for the object (noun) and then the action (verb).
Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm.
![Page 16: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Easily Confused Words
• Homonyms: bear the burden and bear the animal
• Other examples:– You’re, your– Stationary, stationery– There, their, they’re
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Acronyms
• An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word.
• What do these acronyms mean?– ATV– SCUBA– MRI– UNICEF
![Page 18: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Transitional Words
Transitional words connect ideas and signal the direction of a writer’s thought.
• “In addition”– signals a continuation
• “But” or “However” – signals a change
![Page 19: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: Types of Transitional Words
• Addition
• Example
• Time Sequence
• Comparison
• Contrast
• Cause and Effect
![Page 20: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points
• How do you remember new words?• What are context clues?• Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?• What will you find in a dictionary?• What is a glossary?• What is a thesaurus?• What are analogies?• What are acronyms?• How are transitional words used?
![Page 21: 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e305503460f94b21092/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Search the Net
For suggested Web sites and other research activities, go to http://www.ablongman.com/smith/
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Vocabulary Booster
• Complete the Vocabulary Booster “Over, Under, Around, and Through.”