©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1819-1832 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD ...
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Transcript of ©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1819-1832 CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD ...
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
1819-1832
CREATED EQUAL
JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ
CHAPTER 11 Moving Westward:
Society and Politics in the “Age of the Common
Man”
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
“I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure, and that I should go against it, let the cost to myself be what it might.”
Davy Crockett, on his vote opposing the Indian removal policy
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
TIMELINE1819 Spain cedes East Florida to the U.S.
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819 Depression begins
1820 Missouri Compromise
Land Act of 1820
1823 Monroe Doctrine
1824 John Quincy Adams elected President
Russo-American Treaty
1827 Cherokee written constitution
1828 Andrew Jackson elected President1830 Church of the Latter Day Saints established
1831 New York bans debtors prison
1832 Nullification Proclamation
Jackson reelected
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE RISE OF THE WEST Overview
The Politics Behind Western ExpansionFederal Authority and Its OpponentsReal People in the “Age of the Common
Man”Ties that Bound a Growing Population
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
THE POLITICS BEHIND WESTERN EXPANSION
The Missouri CompromiseWays West: The Erie CanalSpreading American Culture—and SlaveryMigration and Its Effects on the Western EnvironmentThe Panic of 1819 and the Plight of Western DebtorsThe Monroe DoctrineAndrew Jackson’s Rise to Power
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Missouri Compromise
ProposalsTallmadge Amendment: favored CongressPinckney: favored states’ rights
The CompromiseMissouri joined Union as slave stateMaine joined Union as a free stateIn future, slavery prohibited from north Louisiana
Purchase (north of present day Missouri and Kansas)
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Missouri Compromise
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Ways West: The Erie Canal
Land Act of 1820: minimum of 80 acres at $1.25 acreEncouraged European Americans to move west
1825: Eric Canal completedGreat economic, political, and religious significanceEngineering featRaised the material standard of living of people
outside of the citiesFarm towns changed to robust trading centers
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Principal Canals Built by 1860
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Spreading American Culture—and Slavery
Southern migration across the Appalachians By 1832, Tennessee, Louisiana, Alabama,
Mississippi, Florida become the largest cotton producers
The new planter elite
Austin, and the Texians
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Migration and Its Effects on the Western Environment
Clearing land for agricultureHunting game with firearmsDamming riversJohn Godman, 1831, American
Natural History (effects on the beaver and its environment)
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Mexico’s Far Northern Frontier in 1822
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Panic of 1819 and the Plight of Western Debtors
The Second Bank of the U.S. granted charter in 1816Regulation of “wildcat” banks affected western
farmers with foreclosures, farm equipment confiscated
Panic, followed by depression1831: New York passed law banning debtors’ prisonDavy Crockett and the system of bankruptcy
auctions
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Monroe DoctrineFeeling threatened by Russian and the
monarchies of Europe, President Monroe and John Quincy Adams formulated the statement that no foreign nations would be allowed to intervene in the Western Hemisphere.
Russo-American Treaty of 1824: Russia pulled back to the area north of present day Alaskan panhandle.
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Andrew Jackson’s Rise to Power
Presidential Election of 1824: 3 candidates with no majorityRepresentative Henry Clay: withdrew from race,
promising Jackson supportSecretary of State John Q. Adams: named Clay
secretary of stateSenator Andrew Jackson: charged Adams of
corruption
Jackson’s overwhelming victory in 1828
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
FEDERAL AUTHORITY AND ITS OPPONENTS
Judicial Federalism and the Limits of Law
The “Tariff of Abominations”The “Monster Bank”
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Judicial Federalism and the Limits of Law
Chief Justice John Marshall: Limiting states powerMcCulloch v. MarylandCohens v. VirginiaCherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester
v. GeorgiaThe Indian Removal Act
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Cherokee Nation Intercensus Changes, 1809-1824
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The Cherokee Nation After 1820
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The “Tariff of Abominations”
A higher tariff on English goods affected Southern cotton planters who named the new tariff an “Abomination.”
South Carolina evoked state sovereignty and nulls and voids the tariff.
Jackson’s Nullification Proclamation of 1832:States cannot nullify federal laws or secede from the
Union
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
The “Monster Bank”Jackson vetoed the renewal of the Second Bank
of the United States advocating hard money and opposing large commercial institutions
Congress and Sen. Clay opposed the veto citing the necessity of the bank for the Union’s financial future.
Election of 1832: Clay challenged Jackson, but a third party, the Anti-Masonics drew votes from Clay and led to Jackson victory.
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
REAL PEOPLE IN THE “AGE OF THE COMMON MAN”
Wards, Workers, and Warriors: Native Americans
Slaves and Free People of ColorLegal and Economic Dependence:
The Status of Women
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Wards, Workers, and Warriors: Native Americans
Native Americans responded to the encroachment of white settlers, hostility from Congress, and the loss of land Farming and adopting the white ways Spanish missionaries converted Indians and forced
them to workSequoyah and the Cherokee Phoenix (1828)Revolt and attack:
1826 and 1827: Winnebagos attacked in Wisconsin1829: Coalition of tribes formed1832: U.S. soldiers massacre 300 at Bad Axe River
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Slaves and Free People of Color
New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania revoked the vote for black men
Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World: integrate
Maria Stewart, “Knowledge is Power”American Colonization Society and the founding of
MonroviaNat Turner and the slave revolt in Virginia…and the
white response of strengthening slavery’s hold on the South
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Legal and Economic Dependence: The Plight of Women
Prosperous Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states: women as consumers
Spanish settlements: household productionIndian women: collective workersNew England textile machine operatorsNew York home needleworkersEmma Willard and Catharine Beecher
females schools1832: Elizabeth Cady graduated from Troy Female Seminary
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
TIES THAT BOUND A GROWING POPULATION
New Visions of Religious FaithLiterate and Literary in America
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
New Visions of Religious Faith
White Cloud, Winnebago prophetSecond Great Awakening: religious
revivalsRev. Finney: the connection of the spiritual life to
politics
The revival of the primitive Christian1830: The Church of the Latter Day Saints
(Mormons)
©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
Literate and Literary in America
1828: Sarah Hale and the Ladies MagazineMotherhood, piety, and self-sacrifice
Regional historiesIrving, Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy HollowCooper, Last of the Mohicans
American VictorianismSignificance of the individualFreedom of advancementWork is noble