200718 Ts 889

Building Illumination with LED Lighting

Energy & Cost Saving Analysis

COWI

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Resident Engineer, COWI

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

PILANI, RAJASTHAN



BITS ZC423T: Thesis

By

V.Sasivarathan (2007 18 TS 889)

Project Work carried at

COWI-Larsen Joint Venture, Muscat


BITS ZC423T: Thesis

Under the Supervision of

Mr.Shahul Hameed Resident Engineer, COWI-Larsen JV, Muscat


PILANI, RAJASTHAN-333031

MARCH 2012





BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI

This is to certify the dissertation entitled, "Building Illumination with LED Lighting; Energy &Cost Saving Analysis" Submitted by V.Sasivarathan (2007 18 TS 889) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of BITS ZC423T Thesis, embodies the work done by him under my supervision.

Date: 01/04/2012

i


CERTIFICATE

This is to certify the dissertation entitled, "Building Illumination with LED Lighting; Energy &Cost Saving Analysis" Submitted by V.Sasivarathan (2007 18 TS 889) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of BITS ZC423T Thesis, embodies the work done by him under my supervision.

Signature of the Supervisor

Shahul Hameed

Resident Engineer

COWI-Larsen JV

Muscat

Sultanate Of Oman


This is to certify the dissertation entitled, "Building Illumination with LED Lighting; Energy & Cost Saving Analysis" Submitted by V.Sasivarathan (2007 18 TS 889) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of BITS ZC423T Thesis, embodies the work done by him under my supervision.

Signature of the Supervisor

ii

Abstract

Dissertation Title : Building Illumination with LED Lighting; Energy & Cost

Saving Analysis

Supervisor : Mr Shahul Hameed

Name Of Student : V.Sasivarathan

Semester : Second

ID No. : 2007 18 TS 889

There has been an enormous increase in the global demand for energy in recent years

as a result of industrial development and population growth. Supply of energy is, therefore far less

than the actual demand. Lighting energy use makes a significant contribution to the total energy

consumption of building. Energy audits of existing buildings demonstrate that the lighting

component of residential, commercial and industrial uses consumes about 20–40% of those land

uses, variable with region and land use.

This thesis work analysed the consumption of energy by lighting load in a building

with the available traditional light sources and the potential of reducing the energy consumption by

using new innovative LED lighting technology.

'Staff Amenities Building' one of the on going projects of our office has been taken for

the thesis. The building was lighting designed, with the available light sources like CFL, Linear

Flourescent Lamp. Then the building was designed with new high power white LED luminaires of

various manufacturers.

Comparison of the calculated values tabled and found about 50% of saving energy and

consequent running cost savings in using the LED lighting technology compared with the existing

lighting technology sources.

In additional the thesis analysed the various merits of using LED technology such as

environment pollution, heat emission and solid waste handling challenges.

The thesis describes the above work in detail.

Signature of Student Signature of the Supervisor

V.Sasivarathan Shahul Hameed

Resident Engineer

COWI-Larsen JV

Date: 01/04/2012 Muscat, Oman

iii

Acknowledgements

I would like to acknowledge and thank several people and a few organisations who supported and

encouraged during the thesis work.

First and foremost I offer my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr.Shahul Hameed who has

supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room

to work in my own way. This work would not have been possible without his help and generous

support.

Many thanks to M/s Cooper Lighting industries of UAE, M/s JCC Lighting Ltd of UK, M/s Philips

Lighting and their local agents for their extended support on offering the latest technical catalogue,

luminaire data files and technical updates.

I am grateful to Mr.Flemming Levin Jenson my Electrical Discipline Leader and Mr.Jeff Millward,

MEP Manger, COWI-Larsen JV, Muscat for their help and encouragement throughout my courses

and this thesis work as well.

I record with appreciation the help rendered by Mr.Philip Blumson, Electrical Group Leader,

COWI-Larsen JV, Muscat

Finally and most importantly, I want to express my gratitude to my parents, my wife, my daughter

and my siblings for their constant support directly and indirectly.

V.Sasivarathan

iv

List of Symbols & Abbreviations

JV: Joint venture

CFL: Compact Fluorescent Lamp

LED: Light Emitting Diode

FTL: Fluorescent Tube linear (Philips lighting term)

TNEB: Tamil Nadu Electricity Board

IEA: International Energy Agency

SSL: Solid State Lighting

GaN: Gallium Nitrate

DC: Direct Current

m2: Square meter

BS EN: British Standards European Norms

CIBSE: Charted Institute of Building Services Engineers

LG: Lighting Guide

lm: Lumen

Em: Minimum Illumination

Eavg: Average Illumination

W: Watt

h: Hour

kW: Kilo Watt

kWh: Kilo Watt hour

U.S: United States

mg: Milli gram

EPA: Environment Protection Agency

v

List of Figures

Figure-1 Down light LED Lamp……………………………… 2

Figure-2 Linear LED Lamp……………………….…………... 2

Figure-3 Staff Amenities Building Layout……….……………3

Figure-4 Green Design Logo……….…………………………..11

vi

List of Tables

Table-1 Fluorescent Light fittings schedule …………………. 5

Table-2 LED lights schedule…………………….……………. 5

Table-3 Load schedule comparison …………………….…….. 6-7

Table-4 Energy calculation with CFL & FTL lamps…….……8

Table-5 Energy calculation with LED lamps…….…………… 8

Table-6 TNEB Electricity tariff schedule…………………….. 9

vii

Contents

Certificate………………………………………..………………… i

Abstract……………………………………………………………. ii

Acknowledgements……………………………………………....... iii

Abbreviations……………………………………………………… iv

List of Figures……………………………………………………... v

List of Tables……………………………………………….……… vi

Contents………………………………………………….…………vii

Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………….. 1

1.1. Background……………………………………………………. 1

1.2. Objective……………………………………………………….. 1

1.3. Introduction of LED lighting technology……………………… 2

Chapter 2 Lighting Design exercises…………………………………………. 3

2.1. Staff Amenities Building overview……………………………. 3

2.2. Lighting Design approach for the building ……………………. 4

2.3. Luminaires schedule…………………………….. ……………. 5

2.4. Load comparison schedule…………………………………….. 6-7

Chapter 3 Energy Management and Running Cost study………………….. 8

3.1. Energy saving analysis………………………………………… 8

3.2. Saving on Electricity bills……………………………………… 9

3.3. Saving on Lamp replacement………………………………….. 9

Chapter 4 Light for tomorrow………………………………………………... 10

4.1. Environment challenges……………………………………….. 10

4.2. Green Light solution…………………………………………… 11

Chapter 5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………. 12

Chapter 6 References………………………………………………………….. 13

Checklist…………………………………………………………… 14

1

1 Introduction

1.1. Background

The world's demand for energy is constantly growing with technological and

industrial development and urbanisation. The increase in energy consumption in 2010 is over 5%

growth. The rapid growth of energy consumption has raised concerns about the energy security and

environment impact of the use of energy worldwide.

The acceleration of the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has

caused the warming of the globe by more than half a degree Celsius during the last century and it

will lead to warming of atleast a half a degree move over the next few decades. Energy is the main

factor in climate change, contributing the major portion of green gas emission. Developed nations

are the source of most greenhouse gas emission, but this may change in the future as developing

countries drive their economic developments with Energy.

Lighting is a large and rapidly growing source of energy demand. Lighting is a substantial energy

consumer, and a major component of the service costs in many buildings. The International Energy

Agency (IEA), which is the energy forum for 27 developed countries, conducts a broad programme

of energy research, data compilation, and publications. Currently, more than 50% of the electricity

used for lighting is consumed in IEA member countries, but it is expected that this will change in

the near future because of an increase in the use of electricity for lighting in non-IEA countries.

The demand for electric lighting in developing countries is increasing as a result of rising average

illuminance levels, as a result of increasing household income in those countries, and also because

of the new electrification of regions with no electric lighting at the moment. There are various

technologies available to achieve energy saving in Electric lighting such as dimming control,

Automatic lighting control system, using more efficient lamps and ballast, high efficacy luminaires,

utilizing sunlight etc.

1.2. Objectives

Objective of the thesis work was to examine the new opportunities provided by LED

technology in lighting in the 'Staff Amenities Building' and to compare LED lighting with the

existing lighting technology sources. This included an analysis of Energy savings for the building,

running costs of the lighting installations. Besides, the thesis is to discuss the lighting systems

contribution to environment.

2

1.3. Introduction of LED lighting Technology

For the past 150years, lighting technology was mainly limited to Incandescence and

fluorescence. With the arrival of commercial LEDs in the 1960s, the door for the most exciting

form of lighting technology had opened.

Initial LEDs were Red in colour, with Yellow and Orange variants following soon thereafter. To

produce a white SSL device, however, a blue LED was needed, which was later discovered through

extensive research and development.

In 90s of last Century, they came up with a blue LED. With this

invention, it was now possible to create white light by combining

the light of separate LEDs (Red, Green and Blue). LEDs are

degraded or damaged by operating at high temperatures, so LED

lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks

and cooling fins.

Initially in 90s LEDs were red in color, with yellow and orange

variants following soon thereafter. To produce a white SSL device,

however, a blue LED was needed. Advances in materials science

and extensive research and development on the subject did just that.

In 1993, Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Chemical Industries came up

with a blue LED using gallium nitride (GaN). With this invention,

it was now possible to create white light by combining the light of separate LEDs (red, green, and

blue), or by creating white LEDs themselves by means of doping. SSL could now become a

commercial viability. Diodes use direct current (DC) electrical power. To use them from standard

AC power they are operated with internal or external rectifier circuits that provide a regulated

current output at low voltage.

One high power LED chip used in LED lights can emit up to 10,000 lumens for an electrical power

consumption of only 100 watts (100 lumens per watt). Efficiency of these devices continues to

improve with some chips able to emit > 100 lumens per watt.

LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional

characteristics affect the design of lamps. The efficiency of

conversion from electric power to light is generally higher than

with incandescent lamps.

LED lamps offer long service life and high energy efficiency,

but initial costs are higher than those of fluorescent and

incandescent lamps. Life cycle of LED lamps is multiple

compared to incandescent lamps and florescent lamps however,

degradation of LED chips reduces luminous flux over life cycle

as with conventional lamps.

Now innovative high power LED lights with appropriate luminaires are available in market. Many

LED manufactures like Cree Inc, Osram, Philips (Colour Kinetics) are investing significant amount

on researches on further developments on LED lights.

Figure 1

Down light LED Lamp

Figure 2

Linear LED Lamp

3

2 Lighting Design exercises

2.1. Staff Amenities Building overview

Staff Amenities Building is one of our one going projects for M/s. Ministry of

Transport and Telecommunication of Sultanate of Oman. The particular building has been chosen

for the thesis because of the building is designed for continues operation 24x7 for the Muscat

International Airport staffs facilities all the day and night.

The building is single level and approximately 1300 m2 area. Designed for Airport

operation/maintenance staff facilities and will be operated continuously. Almost all the rooms in the

building has constructed with false ceiling at 3 m height with gypsum or 600x600 mm standard

tiles.

Figure 3

Staff Amenities Building Layout

4

2.2. Lighting Design Approach for the Building

'DIALUX' the premier lighting software was used for lighting calculations. The

building is fully Air conditioned and clean rooms therefore the maintenance factor index of 0.8 had

been considered for the lighting calculation. All the walls, ceilings and floors are white or light

colour finishes. Hence the surface reflection factors index of 0.8, 0.5 & 0.3 were taken into the

account for Ceiling, Wall and Floor respectively.

The illumination levels for each room as per the BS EN 12464 and CIBSE standards

were achieved. The illumination uniformity ratio was targeted as close as to 0.6. No wall offset was

considered for the individual room layouts. Other than the technical rooms, the mounting height of

3 m was considered for the luminaries where there any kind of false ceiling arrangements.

All rooms were individually calculated in DIALUX software twice ie, with CFL/FTL

lamps and then with LED lights. Results obtained in summary sheet with the results includes but

not limited to:

(a) Average illumination level in Lux.

(b) Illumination Uniformity Ratio (Em/Eavg)

(c) Lumens output per Luminaire & Total Lumen output

(d) Power consumed per Luminaire & Total Consumed power in watt

(e) Luminaire quantity and layout arrangement

The results were plotted and the Lux levels and corresponding wattages for the rooms were tabled

separately for Flourescent and LED lights as shown in the table-3.

5

2.3. Luminaires Schedule

First the building was designed in DIALUX with the florescent lamps and LED lamps

separately with various appropriate luminaires. The luminaires used for the designs are given in the

table-1and 2.

The luminaire photometric files were collected from the respected manufactures

websites to enable to carry out the calculations. All the design calculations were made in line with

the relevant standards like BS EN 12464 and CIBSE LGs.

Type Make Model Lamp Wattage Lumen Picture

Recessed mounted

Down light

Philips FBS 120 CFL 2x26W 2400 lm

Recessed mounted

600x600 luminaire

Philips IMPALA FTL 4x14W 4800 lm

Surface/Suspended

mounted

Philips TCW215 FTL 2x36W 6700 lm

Table-1

Fluorescent light fittings schedule

Type Make Model Lamp Wattage Lumen Picture

Recessed mounted

Downlight

Cooper Portfolio LED 24.4W 1216 lm

Recessed mounted

600x600 luminare

JCC Ltd Breera

JC71198

LED 28W 1720 lm

Surface/Suspended

mounted

JCC Ltd Breera

JC71199

LED 45W 2520 lm

Table-2

LED lights schedule

6

2.4. Load comparison schedule

The achieved lighting levels and corresponding power consumption from the

DIALUX summary pages results are tabled as below for both for CFL& FTL ranges and LED

lamps for a comparison glance.

Sl.

No.

Room Room

No.

Required

Average

Illumination

Flourescent Lamp LED lighting

Achieved

Consumed

Power

Achieved Consumed

Power

Lux Lux W Lux W

1 Female Toilet 00-41 150 188 131.20 176 48.80

2 Female Toilet /Bathing 00-41 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

3 Female Toilet WC-1 00-41 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

4 Female Toilet Lobby 00-42 100 115 65.60 112 24.40

5 Locker Room 00-39 200 256 131.20 232 48.80

6 Janitor Room 00-38a 100 123 65.60 133 24.40

7 Locker Room Lobby 00-38 100 123 65.60 133 24.40

8 Male Toilet 00-37 150 188 131.20 176 48.80

9 Male Toilet /Bathing 00-37 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

10 Male Toilet WC-1 00-37 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

11 Coordinator office 00-35 500 616 252.00 517 196.00

12 Managers Office 00-36 500 616 252.00 517 196.00

13 Administration Office 00-33 500 604 378.00 507 280.00

14 Officer 00-34 500 616 252.00 517 196.00

15 Corridors 00-43,43a 100 110 393.60 101 146.40

16 Garbage Room 00-44 100 202 85.00 130 45.00

17 Garbage Room Lobby 00-44a 100 115 65.60 112 24.40

18 Dish Wash 00-46 200 282 126.00 203 90.00

19 Corridor 00-45 100 154 131.20 134 48.80

20 Store 00-47 150 174 101.20 194 48.80

21 Kitchen 00-49 350 382 504.00 382 450.00

22 Canteen 00-52 200 224 3214.40 233 1561.60

23 Store 00-50 150 177 108.00 145 48.80

24 Lobby 00-32 100 128 108.00 101 48.80

25 Lobby 00-31 100 115 65.60 112 24.40

26 Male Prayer Room 00-29 250 255 1312.00 282 683.20

27 Ablution 00-30 250 267 303.60 282 146.40

28 Lobby 00-28 100 115 65.60 112 24.40

29 Disabled Toilet 00-27 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

30 Lobby 00-27a 100 123 65.60 133 24.40

31 Lobby 00-24 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

32 Male Toilet 00-25 100 134 506.00 144 244.00

33 Male toilet W/C-1 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

7

34 Male toilet W/C-2 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

35 Male toilet W/C-3 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

36 Male toilet W/C-4 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

37 Male toilet W/C-5 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

38 Male toilet W/C-6 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

39 Male toilet W/C-7 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

40 Male toilet W/C-8 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

41 Male toilet W/C-9 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

42 Male toilet W/C-10 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

43 Male toilet W/C-11 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

44 Male toilet W/C-12 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

45 Male toilet W/C-13 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

46 Male toilet W/C-14 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

47 Male toilet W/C-15 00-25 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

48 Lobby 00-24 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

49 Corridor 00-22 100 148 324.00 119 146.40

50 IT Room 00-19 350 359 340.00 397 315.00

51 Electrical Room 00-20 200 282 340.00 230 225.00

52 AHU Room 00-21 150 206 510.00 176 360.00

53 Corridor 00-15 100 148 324.00 119 146.40

54 Lobby 00-17 300 348 1180.80 372 585.60

55 Lobby 00-02 100 128 108.00 101 48.80

56 Disabled Toilet 00-06 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

57 Recovery Room 00-05 350 402 315.00 400 280.00

58 Ablution 00-07 150 188 131.20 176 48.80

59 Lobby 00-08 100 188 131.20 176 48.80

60 Disabled Toilet 00-10 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

61 Lobby 00-12 100 230 162.00 194 73.20

62 Janitor 00-11 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

63 Pump Room 00-14 150 191 266.00 151 225.00

64 Female Toilet 00-13 150 173 253.00 191 122.00

65 Female Toilet W/C-1 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

66 Female Toilet W/C-2 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

67 Female Toilet W/C-3 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

68 Female Toilet W/C-4 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

69 Female Toilet W/C-5 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

70 Female Toilet W/C-6 00-13 100 120 65.60 119 24.40

71 Female Prayer Room 00-09 250 300 590.40 345 292.80

72 Treatment Room 00-04 500 599 288.00 509 252.00

73 Waiting Room 00-03 300 311 216.00 324 122.00

16393.00 8795.20

Table-3

Load comparison schedule

8

3 Energy Management & Running Cost study

3.1. Energy saving analysis

A simple Energy saving calculations were done based on the lighting design results as follows.

When the building designed with Flourescent Lamp lighting:

Description Value Unit

Total Consumed Power

From the table-3

16393.000

16.393

Say 16.500

W

kW

kW

Average Estimated working hours

per month

24x30=720

Apply a 0.75 mulitification factor for the lamps

switch off period,

720x0.75=540

h

h

Average Estimated Energy

requirement for lighting for the

building

16.5x540=8910

8910

kWh

kWh

Table-4

Energy calculation with CLF& FTL lamps

When the building designed with LED lighting technology:

Description Value Unit

Total Consumed Power

From the table-3

8795.200

8.795

Say 9.000

W

kW

kW

Average Estimated working hours

per month

24x30=720

Apply a 0.75 mulitification

factor for the lamps switch off period,

720x0.75=540

h

h

Average Estimated Energy

requirement for lighting for the

building

9x540=4860

4860

kWh

kWh

Table-5

Energy calculation with LED lamps

The arrived figures demonstrate that with LED lighting the building could save approximately 50%

energy.

9

3.2. Saving on Electricity Bills

For Electricity bills calculations, The Tamil Nadu Electricity Board's tariff was taken

as a reference. The TNEB a public sector under Tamil Nadu state Government, which generates and

distributes the power for the sate have been experiencing Energy crisis since last 5 years. The

present Electricity tariff slabs for various kinds of end users are as below.

Units of Electricity

Consumption

Rate

0 To 100 Rs. 1.00

101 To 200 Rs. 1.50

Above 200 Units

1 To 200 Rs. 2.00

201 To 500 Rs. 3.00

ABOVE 500 UNITS Rs. 5.75

Table-6

TNEB Electricity tariff schedule

From the table 1 kWh =5.75 Rupees

With Flourecent lighting installation 8910kWh =51232 Rupees/month

With LED lighting installation 4860kWh =27945 Rupees/month

3.3. Saving on Lamp Replacement

After installation, over a particular period the lamps of light fittings need to replace

due to their life or depreciation of their lumens output towards their end of life. A simple lamp

replacement cycle cost analysis is used to compare the cost of the two different types of designs.

The data of CFL and FTL lamps collected from the Philips technical catalogue and the LED lights

from the Cooper Lighting's and JCC lighting Ltd' s catalogue.

Average Life span of fluorescent lamps = 15000 working hours

Consider 540 working hour per month,

Lamp need to replacement period =15000/540=27 months

Say 2 Years

Whereas, Average life span of LED Lamps =50000 working hours

Consider 540 working hour per month,

Lamp need to replacement period =50000/540=92.50 months

Say 7.5 Years

10

4 Lighting for tomorrow

4.1. Environment challenges

Most of the western countries already have banned the incandescent bulb in favor of

alternative sources of lighting, most notably fluorescents. Unfortunately, fluorescents contain

noxious chemicals including argon and mercury that are contaminating the environment,

specifically through their accumulation in landfill waste. IN an effort to fight the effects of global

warming and save precious energy, federal and state governments are attempting to find the best

way to dispose of or recycle fluorescent light bulbs.

Fluorescent light bulbs are considered universal waste and as such, are subject to the

Universal Waste Rule of 2000, a U.S. environmental law that encourages the recycling of mercury-

containing materials by allowing products such as fluorescent bulbs to be exempt from certain

hazardous waste requirements.

All fluorescent light bulbs are supposed to be disposed of properly, which means

recycling these products instead of throwing them in the trash. But these rules are never enforced.

There isn't a single recorded case of a person being arrested or fined for throwing a fluorescent light

bulb in the trash. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), approximately 800

million fluorescent lamps are disposed of every year. It only takes a single gram of mercury to

contaminate a two-acre pond and cause potential ecological damage through water pollution.

Therefore, 800 million lamps produce enough mercury to contaminate about 20 million acres of

water.

When the bulbs break, mercury can contaminate the environment, including soils,

people and animals in the surrounding the area. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that can severely

harm the human nervous system through ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. It is a highly toxic

heavy metal that acts as a cumulative poison similar to lead. Exposure presents the greatest hazard

for infants, children and pregnant mothers. Physical symptoms may include an inability to

coordinate body movement, an impairment of hearing, vision and speech, skin rashes and kidney

damage.

When the bulbs are recycled, a special hazardous waste company generally carries out

the process of collecting the unbroken bulbs, crushing them and capturing both the remaining

mercury gas and the spent mercury solids. These companies then ship the mercury-bearing waste,

using an EPA-permitted hazardous waste transporter, to an EPA-approved hazardous waste

treatment, storage and disposal facility.

As an alternative to normal fluorescent lighting, compact fluorescent light bulbs have

gained much popularity over the past couple years because they contain less mercury than standard

fluorescent lighting. Changes are being made slowly to lower the amount of mercury we may be

potentially exposed to. Low energy light bulbs called compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) contain 4-

15mg of mercury compared to normal fluorescent lights, which contain approximately 20 mg of the

toxic metal.

11

However, it is impossible to have fluorescent lighting without mercury, according to industry

engineers. Obviously, recycling is not going to be enough. A mercury-free alternative must be

found.

4.2. Green Light solution

The solution, of course is LED lights, which contain no mercury and are significantly

more energy efficient than both incandescent lights and fluorescent lights.

Right now, LED lights are very expensive to purchase up front, but they

pay for themselves in about two years thanks to the savings in electricity

and they keep on working for 50,000 hours.

Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark have stated they intend to

eventually eliminate mercury use completely, and plan on researching

alternatives to fluorescent lighting such as LED technology. General

Electric has been manufacturing compact and regular fluorescent lights for

over 20 years, but now admits that the accumulation of mercury could pose

a problem for the environment and human health.

There's no doubt that LED lights are the future of lighting, and the sooner

we all switch to LED lights, the more quickly we'll stop poisoning our

homes, communities and nations with the unsafe disposal of mercury from

fluorescent lights.

Figure 4

Green Design Logo

12

5 Conclusion

In this thesis an effort was made to analyse the potential Energy saving with LED lighting

technology for the Staff Amenities Building. Concluded the LED lighting products have

considerable potential to reduce electricity consumption and the associated greenhouse gas

emissions.

After had done all the comparison exercises it was found that the LED lighting technology saves

approximately 50% Energy when compared to FTLs and CFLs luminaires installation from the

table 4 &5.

The main running cost of the building is Electricity bill. From the analysis having designed with the

LED lighting technology has significant monthly Electricity bill was materialised that is about

Indian Rupees 23287.00 in other words 54.55% saving was established compare to the fluorescent

lighting system.

In addition, lamps life cycle and its cost effect also was studied and found that LED lighting

technology is far better than the fluorescent lighting system as former system is need of replacement

once in every 7.5 years whereas the fluorescent system will require replacing the lamps in every 2

years. Apart from the lamps cost there is hidden cost of man hours for the re-installations work.

Chapter 4, discussed the contribution of LED lights to the Green house environment.

13

6 References

1. Book

SSL lighting Handbook, London, 2009

The Sociaty of Light and Lighting, UK.

Lighting Guide Hand book (LG-7), 2006

CIBSE, UK

2. Journal Articles

News letters of Tridonic Atco

News Letters of Philips

LED magazines

3. Private Communication

Mr. Ramesh Raja, General Manager

Lighting Solution LLC, Muscat, Oman

4. Thesis

Pramod Bhusal. Energy Efficient Electric Lighting For Building in Developed And

Developing Counties (Doctorate thesis), Espoo, Helsinki Univeristy of Technology,

2009

5. Technical Catalogue

Philips

JCC Ltd

Cooper Industries

6. Websites

www.naturalnews.com

www.theledlight.com

www.tneblts.com

www.wiki.com

14

Checklist

1. Is the final report properly hard bound? Yes

2. Is the Cover page in proper format as given in Annexure A? Yes

3. Is the Title page (Inner cover page) in proper format? Yes

4. (a) Is the Certificate from the Supervisor in proper format?

(b) Has it been signed by the Supervisor?

Yes

Yes

5. Is the Abstract included in the report properly written within one page?

Have the technical keywords been specified properly?

Yes

Yes

6. Is the title of your report appropriate? Yes

7. Have you included the List of abbreviations / Acronyms? Yes

8. Does the Report contain a summary of the literature survey? Yes

9. Does the Table of Contents include page numbers?

(i). Are the Pages numbered properly?

(ii). Are the Figures numbered properly?

(iii). Are the Tables numbered properly?

(iv). Are the Captions for the Figures and Tables proper?

(v). Are the Appendices numbered properly? Are their titles

appropriate

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N/A

10. Is the conclusion of the Report based on discussion of the work? Yes

11. Are References or Bibliography given at the end of the Report? Yes

12. Is the report format and content according to the guidelines? Yes

Declaration by Student:

I certify that I have properly verified all the items in this checklist and ensure that the report is in

proper format as specified in the course handout.

Place: 01.04.2012 Signature of the Student

Date: Muscat, Oman Name: V.Sasivarathan

ID No.: 2007 18 TS 889

200718 Ts 889

Documents

Transcript of 200718 Ts 889