20 years bedea-RB-05be.ppt [Kompatibilitätsmodus] · 1936 - Ochem, H.: Der Kopplungswiderstand...

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20 years CoMeT resp. 20 years bedea-Rosenberger, 06./07. July 2017

Bernhard Mund, bedea Berkenhoff&Drebes GmbH, Herborner Straße 100, 35614 Asslar, Germany, [email protected], www.bedea.com

bedea

85 years Triaxial test procedure - 20 years CoMeT

Different designs of Triaxial Cells

Cell 1000/300/300

Cell 1000/150/150

Cell 140/140/100

Cell 280/140/100

Cell 750/250/250

Test headclamp

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bedea

Triaxial procedure - 1932 – 1971

1932 - Schelkunoff, (probably) first mention of the concept of Transfer impedance for cable screens

1936 - Ochem, H.: Der Kopplungswiderstand koaxialer Leitungen-Hochfrequenztechnik Elektroakustik 48 (1936) 251–259, (probably) first German description of the Transfer impedance .

The book of Kaden (only in German)1950 (1959) - Heinrich Kaden, Die elektromagnetische Schirmung in der Fernmelde- und Hochfrequenztechnik-(Wirbelströme und Schirmung in der Nachrichtentechnik – eddy currents and screening in telecommunications technology)Heinrich Kaden describes electromagnetic characteristics of cables and components.

Aalto University, Helsinki

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1961 – Triaxial test procedure up to 7,5 GHz

John Zorzy, R.F. Mühlenberger, RF Leakage Characteristics of popular Coaxial Cables and Connectors, 500 MC to 7.5 GC

Triaxial test procedure 1961, with sliding wall resp. movable short circuit

[MIL-PRF-39012E]

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Literature 1956 – 1971

1956 - L. Krügel, Abschirmwirkung von Außenleitern flexibler Koaxialkabel, Telefunken-Ztg. 29 (1956) S. 5 – 13

1956 - Heinz Jungfer, Die Messung des Kopplungswiderstandes von Kabelabschirmungen bei hohen Frequenzen, NTZ 1956 Heft 12

1968 - Erich Homann, Geschirmte Kabel mit optimalen Geflechten, NTZ 1969 Heft 3 S. 155 - 161

1969 - Meyer de Stadelhofen describes the absorbing clamp, Techn.Mitt. PTT 1969.

1971 IEC 96-1 (Third Edition), Subclause A5.2, Transfer impedance due to resistive and magnetic coupling & Subclause A5.3, Transfer admittance due to electric coupling -Triaxial test procedures for Transfer impedance and Capacitive coupling, often mentioned or cited,Absorbing clamp procedure and injection wire procedure are not described at this time in IEC standards.(the same applies for IEC 96-1 - 1986 (Fourth Edition). 1956 - L. Krügel

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1975 – 1983 – Absorbing clamp procedure

1975 - CISPR 8, Report No. 47, Measurement of the shielding efficiency of coaxial cables having 1 or 2 braids in the metric wavelength range (1973), - Description of the absorbing clamp procedure and procedures with antennas to measure Screening attenuation

1983 - DIN 47250 Teil 6, Messung des Schirmungsmaßes koaxialer Kabel zwischen 30 und 1000 MHz, Verfahren mit Absorberzangen, Spatz, Hildebrand, Ditscheid et. al. DKE-UK 412.3

1983 (Januar) – first CATV networks in Germanypilot tests in Ludwigshafen, Dortmund, Munich, Berlin

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The “ready for cable TV“ room antenna

ready for cable TV

The “ready for cable TV“ room antenna causes the German telecom to tighten their networks.At first 75 dB screening attenuation up to 1 GHz were required.In 2000, screening classes according to EN 50117 were introduced, e.g. Class A with 85 dB to 1 GHz

neighbourscable

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1985 – first computer controlled test station with NWA

1985 – start at bedea, establish a test station to measure screening attenuation with Computer und Netzworkanalyser R&S ZVB (with narrow RF bandwith)

first computer controlled test station to measure screening attenuation - with R&S ZPV VNA(also the first of its kind), up to this time, screening eff. was measured only with measuring receivers

R&S ZPV

MDS 21, 30 MHz up to 1 GHz and MDS 22, 500 MHz up to 2400 MHz

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1987 - summingfunction - coupling transfer function

1987 - Lauri Halme/Balint Szentkuti, Background of electromagnetic screening, Introduction of the Summing function and the Coupling transfer function, Lauri Halme Convenor of IEC 46A/WG1 Screening effectiveness (now IEC TC 46/WG 5), Balint Szentkuti Secretary of IEC 46A/WG1

The basis for IEC 62153-4-4 what are 6 dB between friends ?!

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1988 – 1993 - “line injection”- procedure

1988 - Bernhard Eicher, Christian Staeger & Balint Szentkuti, PTT Berne & Heinz Fahrni, Solothurn, Simple and accurate screening measurements on RF-cables up to 3 GHzDescription of the “line injection”- procedure

IEC 96-1Amd2 – 1993-03, line injection- procedure and absorbing clamp procedure standardized

Speisedrahtverfahren, Aufbau von G. Quednau

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1990 – 1993 – Otto Breitenbach1990 my first inernational standardisation meeting, IEC SC 46A in Helsinki,Chairman J. A. Osterfield, Sekretary K.A. Ridley, Lauri Halme with first mobile, phones with Paris.

1990 - Otto Breitenbach provides triaxial procedure for screening attenuation at DKE-UK 412.3.

1993 - Breitenbach, O., Hähner T.: Kabelschirmung im Übergang von MHz- zu GHz-Frequenzen. ntz Bd.46(1993) H.8, S. 602-608, Triaxial-procedure to measure Screening attenuation in ntz.

1998-01 - IEE Colloquium in London - Breitenbach/Hähner/Mund - Screening of Cables in the MHz to GHz Frequency Range, Extended Application of a Simple Measuring Method (Bernd Rosenberger was also present)

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as/[d

B]

ZT

/[mO

hm/m

Transfer impedance

screeningattenuation

Transfer impedance and screening attenuation

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1994-01 – NWP - 46A(Germany)62 - NP

46A(Germany)62 New work item proposal for screening attenuation aS

triaxial up to 3 GHz

Proposal to measure Screening attenuation with Triaxial procedure submitted to IEC TC 46

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1994 – 1995 – IEC 1196

1994 - AK Schirmung und Mikrofonie in Asslar, Breitenbach, Hähner, Spatz; Halme, NeuhausChaos at the Lokschuppen in Asslar

1995-05 - IEC 1196-1, RF cables Part 1, Generic specification – General, definition, requirements and test methods – Transfer impedance with Triaxial procedure and with line injection procedure. 1995 – Chairman of UK 412.3, Koaxiale Kabel

Test set-up with damping resistor,feeding via Test head

IEC 1196-1 completely revised,46A(CO)159Triaxial procedure for aS is still missing

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1996 – 1997 – first Contact with RB

1996 - Christof Merz, report from praktika at bedea test laboratory, 50 Ohm from sleeveThis makes it possible to clarify various objections to IEC TC 46/WG 5

1997 – Diploma work Roland Herrmann, with coupling attenuation triaxial, among others

1997-09 – First visit at Rosenberger(together with Roland Herrmann),The first 6 CoMeT-s are built, still with screw connection, Later comes the "klack-wau"wait onother 5 Minutes !

Eberhard Rodig keeps the bedea Prototyp provisionally in Fridolfing, Roland Herrmann also stays at RB later

CoMeTProto-Types

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1997 - CoMeT Prototypes

bedeaRF- & EMC-laboratories

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1997 – Design drawing in Eberhard's “Laborbook”

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1997 – everything is blue

acc. to Eberhard Rodig, (who was born in Dresden)the blue colour is a memory on “Meißner Porzellan“ Foto: wikipedia

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1998 – first CoMeT delivery

1998 – first CoMeT delivery by RB(The first three CoMeT-s were picked up)

Eberhard makes the student “Light to the bicycle” (Thomas Völker)

second visit at Rosenbergertubes are not black and made from brassbut blue and made from Aluminium -and the RG 058 is hanging slagged.

first CoMeT customers weredas VDE Test und Certification Institutin Offenbachand the “Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt” (FTZ) in Darmstadt (Telecommunications Central Office)

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1998 – Houston

1998 - IEC General meeting in Houston, Texas, Presentation of CoMeT to IEC TC 46

Eberhard builds the "flyer", Achim Fabry "drags" a Ballman VNA to Houston

the "flyer" Thomas Hähner, Joe Walling, Achim Fabry

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1998 – IEC General meeting in Houston

1998 - IEC General meeting in Houston, Texas, Presentation of CoMeT to IEC TC 46

Eberhard builds the "flyer", Achim Fabry "drags" a Ballman VNA to Houston

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1999 – done !!!

IEC 61196-1Amd1: 12.6 Shielded screening attenuation test method for measuring the screening attenuation aS up to and above 3 GHz ( )

( )02123

0212

0211

/4

/2

/2

λεπϕϕϕ

λεεπϕ

λεεπϕ

l

l

l

r

rr

rr

=−=

+=

−=

[ ] [ ]

( ) ( )

U

U

Z Ze

Z Ze

Z

c

Z R e

T F

r r

j T F

r r

j

j

2

1 1 2 1 2 1

0

2

1 11

2 1 1

1 2

3

≈−−

⋅ − +++

⋅ − ⋅⋅

⋅

+ − ⋅ −

− −

−

ε ε ε ε ωϕ ϕ

ϕ/

test method for measuring the screening attenuation aS up to and above 3 GHz standardized at IEC 61196-1 !!

i.e. formally | A + B | ⋅C⋅D, where AC is the far end crosstalk, BC is the reflected near end crosstalk and D is the mismatch factor

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2000 - Coupling attenuation

2000 - TC 46 meeting in Ischia, WG 5 works on a procedure to measure coupling attenuation with triaxial test pocedure

Note (1996): IEC TC 46/WG 5 meeting in Nürnbergmeasuring the screening effectivenessof unscreened pairs with triaxial test procedure

looking for field strength with Lauri Halme(was switche of for Finland, due to problems with roaming fees.

T. Hähner designs the “open head“

ferrite-absorber

remaining cable length, appr. 97m

receiver

tube with open head

cable under test

generator

housing balun balanced/unbalanced load

pick-up wire

IEC 62153-4-9Ed1, Coupling attenuation with triaxial test pocedure with open test head

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Screening classes acc. to EN 50117 & IEC 61196

Schirmungs-Klasse 5 - 30 MHz 30 -1000 MHz 1 GHz – 2 GHz 2 GHz – 3 GHz

C 50 mOhm/m 75 dB 65 dB 55 dB

B 15 mOhm/m 75 dB 65 dB 55 dB

A 5 mOhm/m 85 dB 75 dB 65 dB

A+ 2,5 mOhm/m 95 dB 85 dB 75 dB

A++ 0.9 mOhm/m 105 dB 95 dB 85 dB

2002 – Secretary at CLC SC 46XA – (kommisarisch ab 2000) with Guy Perrot as Chairman

Introduction of screening classes into the standards of EN 50117 series (CATV cables)

acc. to EN 50117 Screening effectiveness shall only be maesured with Triaxial procedure!

2002-03 - EN 50289-1-6, Communication cables – Specifications for test methodsPart 1-6: Electrical test methods – Electromagnetic performance. Transfer impedance: Triaxial & wire injection, Screening attenuation: Triaxial & Clamp procedure.

2004-01 - Secretary of IEC SC 46A (with Lauri Hame as Chairman), also provisional work for TC 46 and of TC 46/WG 5, (IEC 62153-4-3 und -4-4 are in progress).

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2002 – 2004 – Tube in tube

2002 - Tube in tube –Lauri Halme sketches the draft for tube in tube method on a napkin during emc düsseldorf.2004 - B. Mund, Tube in tube – procedure - IWCS presentation, Philadelphia, USA

2006-04 - IEC 62153-4-7Ed1, Test method for measuring the transfer impedance and the screening or the coupling attenuation –Tube in tube method

2003-08 – Roland Reimann overtakes the development of the WinCoMeT - SoftwareMS-DOS Version Delphi

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2004 – CoMeT 18

2004 – CoMeT 18, C. Pfeiler wants to measure 9 GHz, according to the equation

the cut off frequency should be at 9 GHz, but the CoMeT 18 works up to 18 (20 GHz)

2005 - Diplomanwork Ballier, - Influence of higher order modes -CoMeT 40 with “Mode screw“ – CoMeT 40 with modified test head now up to 12 GHz

( )dDHg +=

211

πλ

for the H11-wave:

dDEg −=

01λ

for the E01-wave

The H11-wave does not occur at a (exact) cylinder symmetrical set-up.

( )dD

cf

r

g +⋅⋅

=1

02

επ

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2005 – 2006 – IEC 62153er Serie - CoMeT K

2005 – Michael Wollitzer proposes procedure for emc gaskets and feedthroughs

2006-03 - IEC 62153-4-3Ed1, Surface Transfer impedance – Triaxial method2006-03 - IEC 62153-4-4Ed1, Shielded Screening attenuation test method for measuring of the as up to and above 3 GHzTransfer impedance and Screening attenuation , -Triaxial procedure standardized at 62153-4er series !

2009-05 - IEC 62153-4-10Ed1 –Screening effectiveness of feed throughs and EMC gaskets, Double-Coaxial Procedure

Günther Quednau developed independently, parallel to this a similar test procedure, the standard was already finished

Die EMC – Test procedures of IEC 96-1are describe resp. standardized now in IEC 62153-4-n series

CoMeT K

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2006 - 100 years IEC

2006-08 - IEC General meeting Berlin, 100 Jahre IEC, Thomas Schmid demonstrates the measurement of EMC gaskets and feedthroughs, IEC 62153-4-10

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2010 – Triaxial Cell

2010 – First Triaxial Cell: Citation: “If that is for the car industry, Mr Rodig, then do it“

The trigger for the first Triaxial cell was an HV connection cable for electric vehicles

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2010 – 2015 – Angled test head – Triaxial Cell

2015-12 - IEC 62153-4-15Ed1 –Transfer impedance and Screening attenuation with “Triaxiale Cell”(Ed2 ist in preparation)

Problem: low results, if Z2 < Z1

and low cut off frequency resp. higher order modes

(Cell becomes a wvwguide resp. a cavity)

The “Angled test head”becomes Triaxial Cell

the “klack-wau“

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2013 - Changes of IEC 62153-4-3Ed2, Transfer impedance

Procedure A:Matched inner circuit with damping resistor in outer circuit R2

( ) ⎪⎪

⎭

⎪⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎪

⎩

⎪⎪

⎨

⎧⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+−−

−

+=

20

log10

c0

201T

010padcalmeas

10

CUTZ

Zaaa

LZ

RZRZ

⎭⎬⎫

⎩⎨⎧ −

−⋅

⋅+

= 20

c

01T

calmeas

102

aa

L

ZRZ

⎭⎬⎫

⎩⎨⎧ −

−⋅

⋅= 20

c

0T

calmeas

102

aa

L

ZZ

Procedure B: Inner circuit with load resistor and outer circuit without damping resistor

Procedure C:(Mismatched)-Short-Short without damping resistor

mismatched –matched– short

matched – matched – short

mismatched – short – short

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2014 – ZVEI Satellit & Kabel – Warning of the Triaxial Cell

Conclusion: Due to the different problem areas described above, the ZVEI Satellite & Cable Divisionconsiders the introduction of the „Triaxial Cell“ measuring method as not suitable as a measurement method for passive components and devices. The “Triaxial Cell” measuring method offers no benefits, rather the expected measurement uncertainties and higher measurement efforts associated with the measurement process lead to an unacceptable deterioration in results achieved in comparison to the proven “Absorber Clamp” measuring method..

Fachverband Satellit & Kabel(Professional association Satellite & Cable)

Problems actually exist when the characteristic impedance in the outer system is smaller than the input resistance of the receiver is (Z2 < Z1), as well as by the cut off frequency or by higher modes and resonances (Cell becomes a waveguide or the cavity), see Ismar Lucicanin, David Pouhè, et. al. - Higher Order Mode Suppression in Triaxial Cells, Proceedings of the 65nd IWCS Conference, Providence, RI, USA, pp 133 – 139, October 2016

Further open questions are discussed and solved in cooperation with IEC TC 46 / WG 5.

2014 - CoMeT_System resp. Triaxial Cell presented at CENELEC TC 209as an alternative to the test methods of EN 50083-2

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2014 – Triaxial cell with tube in tube and sliding wall

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2016 - Triaxial “Absorber“ - Cell

Cell 140/140/100device under test

with hole

hole appr. 3mm

Although other absorber material like ferrites or nanocrystalline absorbers could be useful, measurementswere performed with magnetic absorbers due to the good mechanical characteristics and easy handling.

magnetic absorber

magnetic Absorber

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Triaxial Cell with magnetic absorber

IEC 62153-4-15, Transfer impedance and Screening attenuation with Triaxial Cellwill be revised accordingly by IEC TC 46/WG 5

Higher order modes can be easily suppressed by using absorbing materialslike ferrite tiles or by nanocrystalline or by magnetic absorbers placed in the Cell

generator DUT receiver

tube in tube

connecting cable

test head with screening cap

Triaxial Cell

magnetic absorber

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Coupling attenuation up to 2 GHz with virtual Balun

Generator

DUT

tube (CoMeT 40) balanced/ unbalanced load

receiver

screening cap

Generator

connecting device

generator

ferrite-absorber

receiver

tube with open head

screen under test

generator

housing connecting device

load

remaining cable length, appr. 97m

Open test head

Standard test head

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International Standards for Triaxial test procedures

TS 62153-4-1 Introduction to electromagnetic (EMC) screening measurements

2014-01 published

62153-4-3Ed2 Surface transfer impedance - Triaxial method 2013-10 published

62153-4-4Ed2 Shielded screening attenuation, test method for measuring of the screening attenuation aS up to and above 3 GHz

2015-04 published

62153-4-7Ed2 Shielded screening attenuation test method for measuring the Transfer impedance ZT and the screening attenuation aS or the coupling attenuation aC of RF-Connectors and assemblies up to and above 3 GHz, Tube in tube method

2015-12

published

62153-4-9 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Coupling attenuation, triaxial method

2017-05 46/642/CDV

62153-4-10Ed2 Shielded screening attenuation test method for measuring the Screening Effectiveness of Feedtroughs and Electromagnetic Gaskets

2015-11 published

62153-4-15 Test method for measuring transfer impedance and screening attenuation - or coupling attenuation with Triaxial Cell

2015-12 Revision in preparation

62153-4-16 Relationship between surface transfer impedance and screening attenuation, Conversion aS and ZT

2016-08 46/615/FDIS

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The CoMeT success story continues

2022 - 25 Jahre CoMeT(E. Rodig gets the CoMeT in Platin)

2025 - 500 CoMeT-systems sold

2037 - 40 years CoMeT

2047 - 50 years CoMeT

the next 20 years of CoMeT:

unscreened pairs/quads

active components

reference prodedure………………….

……………………

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bedea

www.bedea.com

[email protected]

Thanks for listening

? ? ?

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bedea

Standardization – 1985

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Standardization - today

20 years bedea-RB-05be.ppt [Kompatibilitätsmodus] · 1936 - Ochem, H.: Der Kopplungswiderstand...

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Transcript of 20 years bedea-RB-05be.ppt [Kompatibilitätsmodus] · 1936 - Ochem, H.: Der Kopplungswiderstand...