II. Sewer Networks and Facilities

Topic II.3. Sewer Pipes: Kinds, Joints, Foundation.Sewer Network DesignSewer Pipes Profiles:

Normal (b/h 1)CircularTrapezoidalSquare

High (b/h < 1)Egg-shapedEllipsoidalOvalHorseshoe

Low (b/h > 1)Mouth-shapedRectangular

Combined

Sewer PipesSewer Pipes Profiles:

a - circular - egg-shaped (inverted)b - egg-shaped - mouth-shaped - squaree - trapezoidal

Sewer PipesSewer Pipes Materials:

Concrete, Reinforced concrete, Prestressed concrete

Ceramics

Asbestos cement

Cast iron

Steel

Plastics - PVC, PE, PP, reinforced with fibre-glass

Resins - epoxy resin, reinforced with fibre-glass

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes

Plastic Pipes

Sewer Pipes JointsReinforced Concrete Pipes1 - putty; 2 - cement putty; 3 - muff; 4 - resin rope

Sewer Pipes Jointsa - Ceramic pipes; - Cast iron; b, - Reinforced concrete1 - plastic gasket; 2, 3, 4 - rubber gasket

Sewer Pipes Foundationa - on grounds with strength p > 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,6 - 3,5 m - on grounds with strength p < 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,8 - 2,5 mb - on embankments

Sewer Pipes Foundationa - on saturated (wet) stable grounds; - on unstable grounds1 - base drainage layer; 2 - concrete pillow; 3 - drainage pipes; 4 - reinforced concrete plate; 5 - piles

Sewer Pipes FoundationReinforced Concrete Pipes with Heel1 - cement coat; 2 - cement layer; 3 - concrete foundation

Sewer Networks DesignDetermination of the Minimal Sewer Pipeline Depth 1 - street regulation line; 2 - the most remote yard manhole

H = h + i(l + L) - (z1 - z2) + D - d

Sewer Networks DesignPrinciples of the Sewer Pipes Joininga - water levels alignment; - pipes inverts alignment; b - pipes bottoms alignment (at CSO only); , - sewer pipe branches joining the mains

Sewer Networks Design

Sewer Networks DesignUnderground Infrastructure Allocation1 - electricity cables; 2 - telephone cables; 3 - gas pipes; 4 - water supply pipes; 5 - sanitary sewer pipes; 6 - street inlets; 7 - drainage pipe

Sewer Networks DesignInstallation Gallery

1 - drainage pipe2 - central heating mains3 - telephone cables4 - consoles5 - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels6 - concrete foundation

Sewer Networks Design