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Consider the fragment below. Read both the original text and the translation with its notes.Make your own comments in relation to what you have read:

Neranţula1

de anait !strati "1##$%1&'()

  Chira, aproape toată ziulica în faţa oglinzii, *ir+s,undea ,este um+r-:

Nerantula1

by anait !strati "1##$%1&'()

  Almost all day long in front of the mirror,Chira would answer him over her shoulder2:

1 Nerantula comes from Greek !n the original "rench #ersion, the title $as Nerantsula !t constantly appears in !strati%ste&t as a leit'motif, ()eranţula fundotti*, meaning (mică portocală amară, mic portocal stufos*2 Chira "/) *i r+s,undea ,este um+r + Chira would answer him over her shoulder. he #ariant would answer him

back  changes the meaning -ecause to answer back  means (to reply impertinently or rudely* especially of children talking toadults . cf Well-behaved children do not answer back when scolded. 0ebster 1//0:01 ' a întoarce vorba cuiva, a răspundeobraznic ther #ariants suggested $ere: would give him the cold shoulder  ' in informal 3nglish (to treat somebody with

disdain; to ignore, to avoid * . cf received the cold shoulder from several members of the club. 0ebster New 0orldCollege ictionary on 4C: /5'/0 ' a trata pe cineva cu r ă ceal ă , a întoarce spatele cuiva, and would make an insolent retort 2 $hich match neither the conte&tual meaning, nor the register "rom the grammatical point of #ie$, the modal would$as selected, -ecause it e&presses -oth fre6uency in the past and affecti#e participation on the part of the speaker, -eingsomeho$ more formal, unlike used to $hich is specific to spoken language he 4ast ense Continuous $as also suggested,was answering , considering the action to -e in progress at a certain moment in the past !f $e $ere to consider the pre#ious paragraphs, including the $hole dialogue, 4ast ense Continuous $ould -e preferred

'Nu m+ ,rive3te7  ce'ai făcut ca s+ ne str4ngiavere5, dar de vreme ce8 ea e&istă, *ţi voi ar+ta2 *nce m+ ,rive3te2 c+ sunt vrednic+ de ea5: ceea ceu3or vine2 tot u3or se duce9

% ! don6t care7  $hat you%#e done to make usfortune52 -ut as long as8 it e&ists, ! $ill sho$ youthat ! for one am worthy of it0 : easy come2 easygo9.

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7 Nu m+ ,rive3te/7! don8t care, not I don`t care at all/ a fig/a rap, -ecause it $ould -e a semantic gain ' nu-mi pasă nici

c!t negru sub unghie"nici at! tica" deloc ther #ariants suggested $ere: it s̀ none of my business,  -ut it $ould implyinterference, $hich is not our case .What you do with your money, is none of my business, it does not concern me '9ongman ' nu e treaba mea it doesn`t concern me .“ to be of importance or interest to, to affect * cf #his regulationdoesn$t concern me, so % don$t worry about it 9ongman  -ut it $ouldn;t match either the conte&t or the register ' nu m ă preocupă it`s not my concern $ould imply (worry, solicitude or an&iety, a matter that relates to or affects someone* : to show concern for someone in trouble .0ebster 1//0: 7<5 ' nu mă preocup ă" afectează it doesn`t interest me has a totally

different meaning from the one implied in this conte&t .(to cause to take a personal concern or share, to induce to participate*: to interest a person in an enterprise  0ebster 1//0: 951 ' nu mă interesează it doesn`t regard me, implyinginterference, relation to something, cannot -e accepted in terms of register ' nu are nici o l egătură cu mine" nu mă prive'teand finally, it`s not my funeral  $as not accepted -ecause it is too informal and implies ( problem, worry* ' nu-i problemamea, mă lasă rece, mă doare-n cot .5 ca s+ ne str4ngi avere 7 to make us fortune !t is a case of non'e6ui#alence he =omanian clause of purpose $asrendered -y an !nfiniti#e construction, specific to informal 3nglish he for'>ati#e construction to make fortune for us $asdiscarded as it -elongs to formal 3nglish and $ould not match the free style of the original ther #ariants suggested $ere:to treasure up wealth, $hich doesn%t match the register moreo#er, it means a str!nge averi " bogă(ii to raise money (tocollect, to gather, to procure*.to raise )*+ for a charity - 0ebster 1//0: 11?? to gather / pile up money (to accumulate or  store, to form into a mass or large uantity* .to pile up food against the winter  ' 0ebster 1//0: 1</2 @ a str ! nge grămadăto lay up  (to put away for future use, to store up* .lay up supplies for a long ourney -0ebster  1//0: ?17 @ a pune

deoparte, a economisi bănu( cu bănu(  to amass fortune (to gather for oneself, to gradually collect a lot of it * .o far, /.0 

billion has been amassed.- ar,er%Collins ; <<C 1//7:77 @ a str!nge " a aduna " a îngrămădi averi peste ave ri. )one of them matches the semantic dimension of the conte&t8 de vreme ce 7 as long as. he connecti#e could not -e rendered -y since .$hich $as suggested -y most of the students, -ecause it is too formal -eing specific to specialized languages because and as are more fre6uently used in academic style,$ritten language=  for  is used in informal 3nglish, -ut it is usually rendered -y  pentru că" căci, not -y de vreme ce and>cause is too familiar . fin1că0 ?ţi voi ar+ta2 *n ce m+ ,rive3te2 c+ sunt vrednic+ de ea. 7 ! will show you that ! for one am worthy of it. he #ariantthat I deserve it  $as considered inappropriate, -ecause to deserve means (to be ualified for, or have a claim to reward, punishment, recompense, etc. because of one$s actions* and often appears e#en $ith a negati#e meaning to deserve e&ile,$hereas a fi vrednic de has only a positi#e #alue9 Ceea ce u3or vine2 tot u3or se duce. 7 easy come2 easy go. A case of   non'e6ui#alence at the idiomatic le#el he=omanian Bu-ect Clause ceea ce u3or vine is rendered -y adecti#e D short infiniti#e in order to preser#e the rhetoricale6uili-rium !n American 3nglish, the e6ui#alent is soon gotten2 soon s,ent.

u cunoEti pro#er-ul romFnesc: @<aniistr4ng+torului2 *n m4na risi,itorului.A# 9a b+netmult sunt 3i lacrimi mai multe&

ou kno$ the =omanian saying:  Bor a thriftyfather2 a ,rodigal sonDA# Much coin2 much care&.

  ?<anii str4ng+torului ,e m4na risi,itoruluiD 7or a thrifty father2 a ,rodigal sonD  A case of non'e6ui#alence at theidiomatic le#el Ehrifty $as chosen out of the long series of synonyms gi#en in He#iţchi%s Romanian%Fnglish ictionary.1//5: 958 -ecause it perfectly matches the conte&t, ie it implies careful and sa#ing use of resources and, on the one hand,it is stronger than economical , implying, -esides ( prudent planning in the disposition of the resources so as to avoid 

unnecessary waste or e&pense* .economical in budgeting household e&penditures2  the idea of (industry and successful management * .0ebster  1//0: 582 on the other hand, it differs from sparing, frugal parcimonious, $hich emphasize( saving, but sometimes e&cessively saving * he series of adecti#es referring to e&treme or e&cessi#e sa#ing could -econtinued $ith close-fisted, tight-fisted, penny-pinching, penny-wise, skinflint or   muckworm  @ z g!rcit, avar, zg!rie-br!nză, none of $hich matches the semantic, pragmatic, stylistic dimensions of the conte&t/ 9a b+net mult sunt 3i lacrimi mai multe.7 Much coin2 much care.  A case of non'e6ui#alence !n order to preser#e thestylistic effect of b+net in the original, coin $as used in the singular !t could also -e used in the plural, -ut here it does notimply counta-ility Another #ariant suggested, much money, much care, $ould -y no means render the stylistic effect of theB

M+ *ns+rcine s+ ţi se ierte ,+catele

1<

, ,res+r4nd,uţin+ bucurie11  ,e unde b+netul d%tale asem+nat den+deGdea1- Asta #a fi cea mai -unărugăciune a mea

! will ,ray to Hod to forgive your sins

1<

  -ybringing a little Goy11 where your much coin hasbrought ho,elessness12. hat $ill -e my -est

 prayer .

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1< M+ *ns+rcine s+ ţi se ierte ,+catele 7 ! will ,ray to Hod to forgive your sins A case of non'e6ui#alence hetranslator didn%t make use of I will take it upon myself   .(to take the responsibility for" to accept as a charge; to do sth.although it is not one1s duty: he took it upon herself to turn round and say $h$. ar,er%Collins ; <<C 1//7:1185 -ecause it doesn%t render the meaning of the original he passi#e construction  I will pray for your sins to be forgiven  ,$hich is common in 3nglish, $as also suggested, -ut it $as not preferred here -ecause it is much too impersonal and formal,thus inade6uate for the register of the original11 ,res+r4nd ,uţin+ bucurie 7 bringing little Goy he #er- to bring $as chosen instead of to spread , (to distribute over a

 greater or relatively great area of space or time: to spread the papers on the table3 .0ebster 1//0: 1799 $hose mainfeature is I DG=3A A=3A J, or to sprinkle .(to scatter or disperse a liuid, a powder, etc. in drops or small particles *: to sprinkle water on clothes, powder on plants3 .0ebster 1//0: 179?, $hich is characterized -y I DBKAHH 4A=!CH3B J,IDC)C=33 J )one of them matches the semantic dimension of the conte&t Koreo#er, they $ould create a ocular effect12 ,e unde b+netul dumitale a sem+nat den+deGdea.7 where your much coin has brought ho,elessness he #er-bring $as used again to confer rhetoric e6uili-rium to the te&t and the 4resent 4erfect $as selected -ecause the author is particularly interested in the present conse6uence of the past actions . ie ho,elessness  den+deGde ) he >irect -ect$as not translated -y despair , suggesting (total loss or abandonment of hope which may be passive or may drive one to furious efforts, even if at random* .eg in the depths of despair; courage born of despair2 or -y desperation  .(an active state, the abandonment of hope impelling to a furious struggle against adverse circumstances, with utter disregard of conseuences: an act of desperation where everything else had failed 0ebster  1//0: 7/2, or -y despondency  .(a

temporary state of deep gloom and disheartenment *: a spell of despondency 0ebster 1//0: 7/2 hey all refer to a state of 

mind caused -y circumstances $hich seem too much to cope $ith, -ut ho,elessness .(a loss of hope so complete as to result in a more or less permanent state of passive despair *: a state of hopelessness and apathy  0ebster  1//0: 7/2 isID4ABB!L3J as compared to despair  or desperation ' disperare and it is stronger, I D>M=A!) J, I '3K4=A= J ascompared to despondency ' deznădede, melancolie Nesides, ho,elessness $as also chosen in terms of stylistic effect, as itis formed, ust like its =omanian counterpart, -y affi&ation: the negati#e prefi& de% in =omanian , and the negati#e suffi& I less in 3nglish .the latter -eing also follo$ed -y the noun'deri#ing suffi&  Iness  Conse6uently, the $hole syntagm under discussion is a case of non'e6ui#alence

CFt despre celelalte, de care nu fac risipă, fiindc+sunt g4rcit+1', umneeu n%o s+%mi ,oarte,ic+1$, deoarece 3tie ce suflet bun am18

As for the others, $hich ! don%t make $aste of, for!6m thrifty1'2 Hod wonJt beat me1$, -ecause eknows how kind%hearted ! am18 

17 fiindc+ sunt g4rcit+7 for !6m thrifty. he 3nglish #ariant $as chosen in order to preser#e the rhetoric e6uili-rium, andconsidering the pragmatic dimension of the conte&t Gi#en the association of the adecti#e g4rcit  $ith the 1st  personsingular, the translator couldn%t use one of the e6ui#alents indicated -y H He#iţchi in his Romanian%Fnglish ictionary.1//5: ?02, #iz close-fisted, tight-fisted, avaricious, greedy, grasping, stingy, skimpy, mean, F. skinflint, muckworm - zg!rcit, avar, zg!rie-br!nză, -ecause it is not common for anyone to su-mit to the derogatory nuances of the self'characterization implying an e&cessi#e or inordinate desire for $ealth !n addition, thrifty implies (careful and saving use of resources*, including the idea of (industry and successful management * .0ebster 1//0: 582 ' econom, chibzuit, socotit,

cumpătat, moderat .NantaE 1///: 1111 so, it lacks the peorati#e meaning

15 umneeu n%o s+%mi ,oarte ,ic+ 7 Hod won6t beat me he implied meaning of the =omanian idiom is connected $iththe idea of di#ine punishment ther #ariants suggested $ere: wont bear me a grudge / wont have a grudge against me / wont have a down on me, using the 3nglish idioms in He#iţchi;s Romanian%Fnglish ictionary .1//5: 8/1 as e6ui#alents

of the =omanian a ,urta ,ic+ cuiva -ut they could not -e taken into account, as they ha#e IDOMKA)J as a main featuretherefore, none of them could -e associated $ith Hod18 3tie ce suflet bun am.7 e knows how kind%hearted ! am A case of non'e6ui#alence he =omanian suflet $as notrendered -y soul , as it may ha#e -een e&pected, -ut -y heart, contri-uting to the formation of the compound adecti#e kind%hearted used in the to render the association noun D adecti#e in the original .cf He#iţchi 1//5: 170 !t is ho$e#er truethat this #ariant sounds slightly academic, -ut it is an 3nglish specific construction . a translation of the type: !hat a kind heart I have $ould sound much too close to =omanian Koreo#er, soul  points rather to the spiritual part of man regarded in its moral aspect  .0ebster 1//0:178/, $hich is not the case in the B $here the stress is laid on feelings and the capacityfor sympathy denoted -y the 3nglish noun heart

Astea erau nevoile Chirei15 hese $ere Chira6s needs15

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10nevoile Chirei7Chira6s needs he noun needs $as used and not necessities, as the former, -eing of 3 origin, hasconnotations $hich make it strong and emotionally appealing as IDBMNP3C!L3J, I DANB=AC J, #iz the need to beappreciated, $hereas the latter, a $ord of Hatin origin, is more formal and impersonal Q o-ecti#e and, though much stronger than need  in e&pressing urgency or imperati#e demand, it is less effecti#e in appealing to emotions andIDC)C=33 J, .cf (Water is a necessity for living things3 ' 0ebster 1//0: /80

.4anait !strati,  "eran#ula, 3ditura Kiner#a, NucureEti 1/?5: 5? in 3lena Croitoru, "loriana 4opescu,Ga-riela >ima, Culegere de texte ,entru traducere, #ol !, 3ditura 3#rika, Nrăila, 1//0: ??'?/

$ranslated, interpreted and commented by%- &abriela 'olipc(, 'orina )obrot(, ma*or students in $ranslation and Interpretation, + 0- 1lina 2arton, 3iliana 2iron, 1na-2aria 4rsu, ma*or students in $ranslation and Interpretation,

+-0- 5ana "egoi#(, 6th year of study, 7nglish-8omanian.

Eranslate2 inter,ret and make similar comments on the following excer,ts:

a Leneau în sfFrEit ne#oile mele Ha drept #or-ind, nu erau ale mele, ci ale dreptăţii Rn casă pentrumine a#eam tot ce'mi tre-uia, pentru că de lucru mare nici n'a#eam tre-uinţă Nlidul, patul Einarghileaua, aceste trei fericiri nelipsite #ieţii, le do-Fndeam uEor, în schim-ul muncii meleS Ce nu

 puteam căpăta lesne era dreptul de'a nu ţine seama de fiinţa lui >umnezeu, care'mi cerea să nu mănFnccFnd mi'era foame Ei să'l proslă#esc, cu pFntecul gol 3 drept că >umnezeu ăsta , mofturos Ei neghio-,niciodată nu a cerut aEa ce#a de la mine ata, popa Ei hogea se rosteau în numele lui Kă ridicaiîmpotri#a lor Ei atunci mă pedepsiră, numai ca să'i fie pe plac >umnezeului lor

.4anait !strati, Neranţula, 3ditura Kiner#a, NucureEti 1/?5: 5?'5/

 - >ar >umnezeul ăsta, aEa de pretenţios faţă de mine, nu găsea cu cale să spuie nimic desprecruzimea sluitorilor lui, care să#FrEeau în urul lor cele mai strigătoare nedreptăţi amenii -isericii,uitFnd că toate făpturile omeneEti sunt deopotri#ă'n faţa >omnului, îl ro-eau pe ţăran la -eilic, făcFndu'lsă muncească umătate de an, de pomană Nietul coan crăpa lFngă #ita lui 4opa îi arăta calea ră-dării, îifăgăduia o #iaţă mai -ună în cer, Ei'l canonea cu postul Ei rugăciunea AEa era #rerea lui >umnezeu

Tapciul, omul stăpFnirii, care tre-uia să #egheze -una rFnduială în ţinutul lui, îEi trimitea ticăloEiisăi să Eterpelească #itele locuitorilor, le făceau Ugăsite* de aceiaEi ticăloEi, apoi drept participare lacheltuielile pricinuite de urmărirea Uhoţilor*, îl silea pe ţăran să'Ei răscumpere #ita "ireEte, caii Ei -oii ceimai frumoEi nu erau găsiţi niciodată Rn faţa acestei crime, >umnezeu rămFnea nepăsător

.4anait !strati, Neranţula, 3ditura Kiner#a, NucureEti 1/?5: 5/

c Ki se făcu milă de ei' Oaide, dragii mei, luaţi'#ă din nou #iaţa de toate zilele )imeni nu #'a impus nici posturi nici

rugăciuni, nici să #ă chinuiţi trupul pFnă în ceasul cFnd se #a'mplini dreptate )imic nu'i mai dureros,decFt să #rei -inele altuia, cu preţul ertfelor tale 4rea multă #irtute otră#eEte inima, Ei inimile otră#ite nucunosc -ucuria ertfei AEadar, înapoiaţi'#ă la o-iceiurile #oastre 3u mă ţiu de ale mele

Be înapoiară Ei se simţiră foarte -ine Cel care nu se simţea -ine fui eu 4rile să fiu încă o datăsingur Ei trist ca mai'nainteKai era cine#a care nu se simţea -ine: tata REi dase seama că pro#er-ul Uce naEte din pisică

Eoareci mănFncă* nu se cam potri#ea'n casa lui Astfel, întFia lui griă, după ispra#a păgu-itoare a Chirei

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Ei a lui Cosma, fu să'i caute ei un -ăr-at straEnic CFt despre noi, făcu ce'i stătu în putinţă: ne dădu'n pazăstăpFnirii Btrălucit #iitor pentru trei răz#ratiţi ce #oiau să purceadă la răz-oi împotri#a celor puterniciVS

RncruciEai -raţele în faţa imposi-ilului )u mai era chip să alin o durere Leneau năpăstuiţii să po#estească amarurile Ei să ceară autorul lui U!lie cel -un*, Ei !lie nu le putea da decFt firimituri

.4anait !strati, Neranţula, 3ditura Kiner#a, NucureEti, 1/?5:82

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