2 product life cycle design vezzoli 13_14

Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 2. Introduction to product Life Cycle Design

learning resource 2.1

Introduction to product Life Cycle Design

carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)


CONTENTS . Product environmental effects and requirements. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) . Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional . Introduction to Product Life Cycle Design criteria

. Resources minimisation

. Low impact resources selection

. Product life optimisation

. Material life extension

. Design for disassembly


(product) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)the discipline integratingENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSwithin the PRODUCT design process


it is to design for minimizing product’s ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM

input: substance extraction from the environment

output: substance emission in the environment

(not all impacts damage with the same entity)

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS


INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS

RESOURCES EXHAUSTION

ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE

(damaging outputs of extractive processes)


OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS

global warming (greenhouse effect)ozone layer depletioneutrophicationacidificationsmogtoxicitywastes...


CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TO A PRODUCT? AND HOW?

APPROACHES:- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE- FUNCTIONAL UNIT

EVALUATION METHOD:- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN DESIGN


PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH

an extended design horizonfrom product designto the design of the product life cycle stages


LIFE CYCLE

APPROACH

manufac.

assemb.

finish

collection

reso

urc

e’s

achie

ving

mater.

energy

produc.

package

trasp

.

stor

age

other product’s life cycle



the design “reference”from product designto product’s “function” design



FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED (ASSESSED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION



the design “reference”from product designto product’s “function” design

the environmental design “objective”minimise the environmental impact of the whole of the phases in relation to the functional unit



ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCT

LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

a quantitative method to assess the environmental effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in relation to its functional unit

ISO 14040


e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span)

PRE-PROD.PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL


e.g. LCA refrigerator (10 years life span)

PRE-PROD.PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL


“the design of the product life cycle stages that, while considering all requirements, aims at minimising the environmental impact of the whole of the life cycle phases in relation to the functional unit”

(Vezzoli & Manzini, Springer, London, 2008)

PRODUCT LYFE CYCLE DESIGN: DEFINITION


LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

RESOURCES MINIMISATION LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION

PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY


MATERAIL USE MINIMISATION in all life cycle phases (as a whole)

ENERGY USE MINIMISATION in all life cycle phases (as a whole)

RESOURCES MINIMISATIONquantitative impact reduction

DESIGN FOR:


Ikea Air sofa,Ikea

EX. MATERIALS CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION


FRIA, refrigerator,Tischner

EX. ENERGIES CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION


RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY in all life cycle phases (as a whole)

RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESSin all life cycle phases (as a whole)

LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTIONqualitative impact reduction

DESIGN FOR:


rags for cleaning in micro-fiber (no need for detergent)

EX. TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS MINIMISATION


Solar shuttle,Kopf Umwelt

EX. ENERGY RENEWABILITY IMPROVEMENT


gardening vase in mater-B, cornstarch bio-deg. polimer byNovamont

EX. MATERIAL BIO-COMPATIBILITY IMPROVEMENT


RESOURCES RENEWABILITY

DEPENDS ON:

- RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED

- EXTRACTION FREQUENCY

a resource is renewable if:a context related

anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate


MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS (USUALLY) “MISLEADING ”

DEPENDS ON:

- MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

- CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT


PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

DESIGN FOR:

EXTENDING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) LIFE SPAN

INTENSIFYING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) USE


CARE, changing top>kids table>writing desk, Stokke

EX. PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION


PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION

USE

PRE-PRODUCTION

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION

USE

DISP.

P-PROD.

PROD.

DISTRIB.UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS CAUSING CONSUMPTION

PRE-PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION

USE

DISPOSAL

same function in time

PRE-PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION

USE USE

AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTSSHORT product/component life

EXTENDED product/component life


PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.

use (function) during time




B 1 B 2 B 3A 1 A 2 A 3C 1 C 2 C 3

A 1 A 2 A 3

B 1 B 2 B 3

C 1 C 2 C 3

LIFE

SPA

N IN

DIP

EN

DE

NT F

RO

M L

EN

GH

T O

F U

SE

AVOIDED IMPACTS

products/components NOT INTENSE life

product/component INTENSE life


MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR:

RECYCLING

ENERGY RECOVERY

COMPOSTING


PRE-PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

LANDFILL


PRE-PRODUCTION


RECYCLING

COMBUSTION

COMPOSTING

PRE-PRODUCTION

material NON-EXTENDED life

material EXTENDED life

AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS


MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMP.)

DIPENDS ON:

- SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and costs of process)

- PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE

- RECYCLING PHASES


POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES: (COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING)

. collection

. transportation

. separation (disassembly a/o crushing)

. identification

. cleaning

. secondary raw material’s production


water bottle for easy recycling,EVIAN

EX. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION


> of parts/components PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

> of materials MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY


Mirra seat,Herman Miller

EX. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY


some have been developed (according to ISO/TR 14062:2002 Environmental management - Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development)

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: METHODS/TOOLS

…

UNEP-TUD (D4S) POLIMI-DIS (MPDS)


(brief)

product strategies

product

concept

productdesign

ingegner.

PRODUCT DESIGN PHASES

processes/tools to orientate

processes/tools envirnomental assesm.

LCA on reference product for design:

es. SIMAPRO

sustainability-focusedideas generation:

tavole eco-idee (ICS)

abrdiged LCA check:es. SIMAPRO

qualitative check:cecklist (ICS)

check of sustainabilitydesign priorities:

sch. IPSA/radar (ICS)

environmental designpriorities identification:

sch. IPSA/radar (ICS)

most promisingconcept selection

low environmental impact

processes selection:tools to orientate

specific environmentalissues es. idemat

abrdiged LCA on potential impact

reduction:es. SIMAPRO

qualitative check:cecklist (ICS)

LCA of comparisonfor environmental quality

communication:es. SIMAPRO

MPDS: Method for Product Design for Environmental Sustainability

(developed and adopted by DIS-Polimi)


… SOME OF THE MPDS TOOLS

free download at www.lens.polimi.it / tools

Multicriteria Radar_ICS toolkit

Eco-idea tables_ICS toolkit

Idea 3Idea 1

Idea 2

Checklist (guidelies related)_ICS toolkit


if you want to know more about:PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LECTURER’S BIBLIOGRAPHY)

2 product life cycle design vezzoli 13_14

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