Lecturer : Assoc. Prof. Dang Tran Khah Presenter: Tran Thach Lam 1.
2-PAD Hardware: From Antenna to Beamformer Adam Baird Hamid Dabiri Khah Kris Zarb-Adami Mark...
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Transcript of 2-PAD Hardware: From Antenna to Beamformer Adam Baird Hamid Dabiri Khah Kris Zarb-Adami Mark...
2-PAD Hardware: From Antenna to Beamformer
Adam Baird Hamid Dabiri Khah Kris Zarb-Adami Mark Jones Mike Jones Paul Grimes Peter Hastings Rik Elliot Richard Armstrong Sascha Schediwy
Aziz Ahmedsaid Chris Shenton Georgina Harris Richard Morrow Richard Whitaker Tim Ikin Tony Brown
University of Oxford University of Manchester
High Gain Antenna Cost = £ 350 (mostly metal)
For 2 polarisations 3-dB Beamwidth ≈ ±18o
Gain ≈ 12.5 dBiAntenna Co- and Cross-Polarisations
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40Scan Angle (deg)
Rela
tive
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Differential Low Noise Amp Power = 100 mW Cost = £ 2 per polarisation Noise Figure ≈ 0.8 ± 0.1 dB (60K) S21 ≈ 18 ± 2 dB S11 ≈ -15 ± 2 dB
Gain - Low Noise Amplifier
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Analogue Cable Driver Power = 1W per polarisation Cost = £ 10 per polarisation Gain = 54 dB Gain flatness ≈ 0.5 dB
Gain Chain Cable Driver
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Cable and Balun Board Cable Cost = £ 10 per polarisation Quad channel fan-out Passive components only
Transmission - 20m CAT7 Cable
-15
-12
-9
-6
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Reflection - 20m CAT7 Cable
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Far End Cross Talk - 20m CAT7 Cable
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Signal Conditioning Module
Equaliser and Cable
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Cost = £ 500 per polarisation Power ≈ 1W per polarisation High and Low, anti-aliasing channels ADC differential driver Logic controlled from FPGA
Data Acquisition Board Cost = £1000 per polarisation Power = 1.5 W per polarisation ADC ≈ 0.5 W per polarisation FPGA ≈ 1.0 W for channelisation
Power by Function
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Quiescent
CLOCK
LOGIC IO
BRAMDCM
PMCD DSPPPC
MGTEMAC
Pow
er (W
)
Processing Technology Berkeley Hardware Benchmarking
system
2 x Dual-channel ADCs 1 x Virtex-2 FPGA
$775 per polarisation2.5 W per polarisation
Fine-grained Power Management
Summary
Total Cost per polarisation ≈ £ 1700 Total Power per polarisation ≈ 5 W
Total Cost for 2-PAD ≈ £ 220,000 (280,000 €) Total Power for 2-PAD ≈ 640 W
Total Cost per polarisation ≈ £ 1200 Total Power per polarisation ≈ 5 W
Total Cost for 2-PAD ≈ £ 155,000 (200,000 €) Total Power for 2-PAD ≈ 640 W
Analogue Power should be a serious concern for the future as this does NOT scale with technology
SKAD
S-U
KCA
SPE
R
e-ASIC technology
Power per polarisation is decreased by 1W over the latest FPGA
New techniques which do not require the large NRE associated with new semiconductor processes
Short turn-around time and design based on standard FPGA platforms
No volume requirements
Extra slides