In the name of God. Cleft Lip Dr. Sasan Dabiri Otorhinolaryngologist – Head & Neck Surgeon January...
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Transcript of In the name of God. Cleft Lip Dr. Sasan Dabiri Otorhinolaryngologist – Head & Neck Surgeon January...
Cleft Lip
Dr. Sasan DabiriOtorhinolaryngologist – Head & Neck Surgeon
January 2011Imam Hospital complex - Tehran
Cleft Palate
Introduction
Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects
Cleft lip ± cleft palate isepidemiologically & etiologically distinct
from isolated cleft palate
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Differences Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Yes Ethnicity effect NoYes Socioeconomic status NoMale Gender preference Female25 % Syndromic rate 50 % 1 in 1000 Incidence 1 in 2000
Concordance of cleft in monozygotic twins is 50%
Differences
Classification
• Complete or Incomplete
• entire vertical thickness of upper lip• often associated with an alveolar cleft
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Classification
Classification
• Complete or Incomplete
• Unilateral or Bilateral
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Classification
Classification
•Complete or Incomplete
•( incisive foramen )Primary or Secondary
•Unilateral or bilateral
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Classification
Team workCleft Lip Cleft Palate
Otolaryngologist
Maxillofacial surgeon
Orthodontist
Speech pathologist
Audiologist
Psychologist
Nurse
Plastic surgeon
Team work
airway management
otologic care
evaluation of velopharyngeal insufficiency
facial reconstructive surgeon
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Otolaryngologist
Feeding
The most immediate concern in the care, other than the airway, is nutrition.
Early swallowing therapy is required in infant with complete cleft palate
to ensure near-normal feeding
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Feeding
Feeding
– squeeze bottles with cross-cut nipples
– Aerophagia
– fail to gain weight – excessive aerophagia
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Palatal obturator
• Frequent burping• Haberman feeder
Feeding
When to Treat
• Cleft lip : the rules of ten:
– weight at least 10 pounds– Hb at least 10 g– WBC count less than 10,000/mm3– age more than 10 weeks
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
When to Treat
When to Treat
• Cleft lip :
– wide complete clefts with marked premaxillary protrusion staged repair
• lip adhesion performed at age 3 months • definitive repair performed at age 5 to 6 months
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
When to Treat
When to Treat
•Cleft Palate
Speech outcome or Facial growthThis is a question?
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Proposed time is roughly 1 year old
When to Treat
surgery
• freshening and approximation of cleft edges
• curved incisions to allow lengthening of lip – straight-line closure
• numerous geometric repairs – produced scars that violated the philtrum)
• Millard rotation-advancement technique
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
• Millard Advantages:• scar along the natural philtral border• more flexible than geometric closures• complete muscular repair and primary cleft rhinoplasty• minimizes the discarding of normal tissue
• Millard Disadvantages: • extensive undermining• risk for nostril stenosis on the cleft side
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
• Rhinoplasty– primary rhinoplasty (at the time of lip repair)– intermediate rhinoplasty
• correct any residual lower cartilaginous deformity– V-Y advancement flaps from upper lip lengthen columella – Y-V alar advancement to narrow alar base,
with fixation of base to nasal spine with permanent suture
– Delayed rhinoplasty (after puberty)• correct any bony dorsal deformity or nasal obstruction
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
• Complications– Notch in the vermilion– Malalignment of Cupid’s bow (whistle deformity)– Absence of median tubercle and part of Cupid’s
bow
Rx : Z-plasty c
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
•Goals
–Closure of oronasal communication
–(velum )Correct speech pathology
•mobility depends on six paired muscles
(normally insert on soft palate)
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
•primary veloplasty (Schweckendiek)
•bipedicled flap palatoplasty (Von Langenbeck)
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
•primary veloplasty (Schweckendiek)
•bipedicled flap palatoplasty (Von Langenbeck)
•V-Y pushback palatoplasty (Oxford)
•unipedicled two-flap palatoplasty (Bardach)
•double-opposing Z-plasty (Furlow)
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
•primary veloplasty (Schweckendiek)
•bipedicled flap palatoplasty (Von Langenbeck)
•V-Y pushback palatoplasty (Oxford)
•unipedicled two-flap palatoplasty (Bardach)
•double-opposing Z-plasty (Furlow)
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
surgery
•primary veloplasty (Schweckendiek)
•bipedicled flap palatoplasty (Von Langenbeck)
•V-Y pushback palatoplasty (Oxford)
•unipedicled two-flap palatoplasty (Bardach)
•double-opposing Z-plasty (Furlow)
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
Surgery
•Complications–The most common : velopharyngeal insufficiency
–Oronasal fistula •Technical error•Severity of cleft
–airway obstruction•Pressure of mouth gag during surgery
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Surgery
Postoperative care
Continuous pulse oximetry for first 24 to 48 hours
Intravenous hydration
Intr venous pain medications (+ acetaminophen supp)
Arm splints (first 2 wks)
Clear liquids by syringe or cup on first day (1 to 2 wks)
Discouraging nipple feeding
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Postoperative Care
•Develops within the first months of life
•Frequency decreases with increasing age
•Due to abnormalities of cartilage and muscles
surrounding the eustachian tube
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Otitis media
•Abnormalities of cartilage and muscles
–Hypoplasia of the lateral cartilage relative to the medial cartilage
–The curvature of the eustachian tube lumen
–width and angulation of skull base with respect to eustachian tube
–Abnormal insertions of TVP and levator veli palatini muscles
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Otitis media
•Management
–Tympanostomy tube insertion
•Controversy : Type of VT
•Controversy : Time of VT
Cleft Lip Cleft Palate
Otitis media