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Modern Periodic Table

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Part I Introduction.

Periods and groups.

Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

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The Modern Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the

known elements.

The elements are organized by:

Atomic number

Chemical Properties

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Groups and Periods

Group( or Family): a vertical column.Elements in groups have similarchemical properties.

Period: a horizontal row.

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Groups and Periods are

numbered. There are 7 periods.

There are 18 numbered columns.

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IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied

Chemistry

1985 new system for labeling groups.

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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids Elements can be classified into:

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids (semimetals)

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Metals

Metalloids

Nonmetals

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Actinides and Lanthanides

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Physical Properties of Metals

Good conductors of electricity and heat.

Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).

Ductile (can be drawn into wires).

Lustrous.

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Chemical Properties of Metals Easily lose electrons.

Form positive (+) ions.

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Nonmetal Physical Properties They do not have the properties of

metals.

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Nonmetal Chemical Properties Gain electrons.

Form negative ions.

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Part II

Valence Electrons

Group 1

Group 2

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-Niels Bohrs Model Distinct Energy Levels

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Periods

The periods (rows) of the periodic tableindicate the highest energy level

occupied by one or more electrons.

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Valence Electrons

The electrons the occupy the highestenergy level of an atom.

Valence electrons play a key role in thechemical properties of an element.

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A Groups (Old System)

The A groups are numbered 18.

The number of the A groupscorrespond to the number of valenceelectrons.

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Group 1- Alkali Metals

1 valence electron (ns1)

Form a 1+ ion.

Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is locatedin the first column because it has onevalence electron.

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Group 1- Alkali Metals

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Cesium

Francium

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Sodiums Reaction with H2OProduces Hydrogen

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Reactivity of Alkali Metals

Increases from top to bottom of thegroup.

Which is more reactive Cesium orSodium?

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Note:

Sodium and Potassium are stored in oilto keep them from reacting with oxygen

and water in the air.

Cesium is stored in glass tubes of argon

gas( an inert gas).

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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium

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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

Have 2 valence electrons.

Form 2+ ions.

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Group 2- Alkali Earth MetalsReactions with Water

Be does not react with water.

Mg reacts with hot water.

Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.

Which way along the group doesreactivity increase?

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Notes:

There is Mg in chrolophyll

C55

H72

O5N

4Mg

Calcium is in your bones,

chalk, limestone,toothpaste, pearl (all ascalcium carbonate).

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The Periodic Table