2 Mekanisme Resp

Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA

MECHANISM HUMAN RESPIRATION

Breathing, or pulmonary ventilation, consists of two phaseso Inspiration – air flows into the lungs I Expiration – gases exit the lungs


Otot respirasi ( otot ekspirasi )


Otot inspirasiOtot inspirasi


Pulmo respiration can happen with 2 way

Breast breathing caused intercostae muscle contraction

Stomatch respiration caused diafragma muscle contraction


Mekanisme Pernapasan

Mekanisme pernapasan inspirasi.


Mekanisme Pernapasan

Mekanisme pernapasan ekspirasi.


Respiratory Volumes

1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume

Respiratory Capacities

1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity

Breathing Air

Tidal volume (TV)

= air that moves into and out of the lungs during a quiet

breathing

= (around 500 ml)


Respiratory Volumes




Breathing Air

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) / Complementary

Air (CA)

= air that can be inspired maximally after a tidal

inspiration

= + 1500 ml


Respiratory Volumes




Breathing Air

Expiratory reservevolume (ERV) /

Supplementary Air

= air that can be expired maximally after a normal

expiration

= + 1500 ml


Respiratory Volumes


Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity

Breathing Air

Residual volume (RV)

= air left in the lungs after doing maximally

expiration

= + 1000 ml


Respiratory Volumes



Breathing Air

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

= total amount of air that can

be inspired after a tidal Expiration

= (IRV + TV)


Respiratory Volumes



Breathing Air

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

= amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration

= (RV + ERV)


Respiratory Volumes



Breathing Air

Vital capacity (VC)

= the total amount of exchangeable air

= (TV + IRV + ERV)


Respiratory Volumes



Breathing Air

Total lung capacity (TLC)

= maximal amount of air that the lung is able to hold

= VC + RV


Spyrograph volume of the lung


1500cc

500 cc

1500cc

1000cc

Tidal volume

Extra inspiratory volume

Extra expiratory volume

residual volume



Frequency of Respiration

•The movement of respiration is influenced by content of CO2 in the blood and regulated by center of in medulla oblongata.

•The frequency of human’s respiration generally between 15 – 18 times each minute.

•The factor which influence the frequency of respiration are:

Age

Sex

Temperature of body

Position of body

Activity of body


Transport and Exchange of O2

O2 Exchange

Oxygen’s circulation from pulmo to body’s cells is caused by difference of oxygen’s partial pressure (P).

P O2 Atmosphere = 760 mmHg

P O2 Pulmo = 150 mmHg

P O2 in artery of alveolus = 105 mmHg

P O2 Tissue = 0-40 mmHg


O2 Transport

A lot of oxygen are tied up and carried by Hb in Oxyhemoglobin compound material ± 97%, which 3% floats away and to be carried by blood plasma.


The current of CO2 can be held cause the pressure is different.

P CO2 Tissue = 60 mmHg

P CO2 in Vena = 47 mmHg

P CO2 alveolus = 40 mmHg

Transport and Exchange of CO2


CO2 exchange

After O2 reached the tissues, food oxidation is held and will produce energy, H2O an CO2 in the tissue

C6H12O6 + O2 + Energy

Excretion organ

H2O + CO2


3222 222 COHOHCOenzim

anhidrase→+

2. As bicarbonate ions resulting from the dissociation of bicarbonate acid (60% to 70%)

CO2 Transport

In blood, CO2 will be transported to the lung in three forms :

• Dissolved in blood plasma Carbonate Acid (7% to 10%)

−+ +→ 332 2 HCOHCOH


3. Bound to hemoglobin Carbominohemoglobin compound (20% to 33%)

22 HbCOHbCO →+


NEGATIVE RESULT OF CIGARETTE FOR RESPIRATION SYSTEM

The cigarette contain from dangerous particle:

•Nicotine

•Tar carcinogenic (cause cancer)

•CO

•Benzopiren

•Phenol

•Cadmium


It’s can cause some disturbance in respiration system like:

Reduce oxygen transport capacity from blood because of monoxide carbon absorption.

Reduce capability of the lung to take and use oxygen as much as 50%.

Destroy the little arteries that bring blood to the lung surface for oxygenation.

Irritate mucus membrane from throat and lung, that can cause cough so possibility to has irritation is more big.


ANOMALY AND DISEASE IN RESPIRATION

The example which by germ infection:

•TBC Mycobacterium tuberculosis

•Pneumonia Diplococcus pneumonia

•Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphteriae

•Bronchitis


The example which caused by non infection:•Asthma•Asfiksi•Tonsil•Polyp•Adenoid•Emphysema


THE EFFECTS OF CANCER OF LUNG


a) The normal lung.

b) The lung full of holes because smoking.


a) The normal lung.

b) The broken lung because smoking.

2 Mekanisme Resp

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