2 Intro to Electronics

7/29/2019 2 Intro to Electronics

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Introduction toElectronics


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What is Electricity

A fan contains a small battery,a couple of wires, a switch and

an electric motor.

If you turn the switch on, the

motor will start to spin

Battery is both a waterreservoir and a pump, the

switch is a tap, and the motor

is one of those wheels that you

see in watermills.

When you open the tap, waterflows from the pump and

pushes the wheel into motion.


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The hydraulic system

Increasing the size of the pipes

allows a greater flow of water

to go through them, effectively

reduced the pipes' resistance

to the flow of water. This approach works up to a

certain point, at which the

wheel won't spin any faster,

because the pressure of the

water is not strong enough. When we reach this point, we

need the pump to be stronger.


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The hydraulic system

This method of speeding up

the watermill can go on untilthe point when the wheel falls

apart because the water flow is

too strong for it and it is

destroyed.


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Voltage, Current & Resistance

So when you read that a battery's voltage is 9 V, think of this voltage

like the water pressure that can potentially be produced by this little

"pump".

The flow rate of water relates to current, and is measured in

amperes. Finally, the resistance opposing the flow of current over any path

that it travels is called resistance, and is measured in ohms.

Relationship: A higher voltage (pressure) lets you spin a wheel

faster; a higher flow rate (current) lets you spin a larger wheel.

Ohms Law, V = IR


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Basic Breadboarding

Solderless Breadboards are

the best way to prototype an

electronics project.

Reusable, does not require

any soldering, and is simple touse.

Components fit perfectly into

the breadboard, using simple

jumper wires to create your

circuits. Allows improvements,

additions and rework.


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Breadboards have small holes

for jumper wires and

components to be plugged

into.

Warning!

Solderless breadboards can be very

flakey, especially as they age. If you'rehaving problems with your circuit, it

could be that the little metal clips on the

inside aren't working well. Try poking it

with your finger, or moving it to a

different section.


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Rows a to e are shorted

horizontally (Green Line)

Rows f to j are shorted (Blue

Line) horizontrally The two rows (labeled a j) is

divided by the centerline and

are areas for your workspace.

IC chips and microcontrollers

fit across the centerline withjumper wires and components

can connect to the same rows.


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Notice the two outside rails on

each side of the breadbroad

labelled + and respectively

These rails run down the board

and can act as power rails toconnect your power source to

and supply voltage to your

components.

These are useful as Arduino

only has one 5V voltage pointand 3 ground points.


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Wires/Jumpers

To use the breadboard,

you'll need jumper wires.

These are basically 22

gauge solid-core (not

stranded) wires that are

cut down and have the

insulation pulled off.

Special jumper

connectors are supplied.


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Schematic

A wiring diagram is also known

as a schematic which is the

standard method for people to

trade information about

circuits. Being able to read and write

schematics is a key skill.

Each electronic component

has a schematic symbol, which

is a simplified drawing of thepart.


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Components: LED

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

What it Does: Emits light

when a small current is passed

through it.

Leads: 2 (one longer, this oneconnects to positive)

Things to watch out for: Will

only work in one direction

Looks like a mini light bulb. -

Requires a current limitingresistor


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Resistors

What it Does: Restricts

the amount of current

that can flow through a

circuit.

Leads: 2 Things to watch out

for: Easy to grab the

wrong value

Cylinder with wires

extending from eitherend. The value is

displayed using a color


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Lighting Our Breadboard

A breadboard, LED and

330ohms resistor.

Run one wire to the 5V socket

on the Arduino and another

wire to one of the GNDsockets.

Plug in the USB cable and

watch the LED lights up

Important Note!While LEDs will not work when placed backwards, you don't have to worry about

whether it will be damaged: as long as there is a series resistor of at least 100

ohms next to it, the LED will survive the experience!

However, using an LED without a series resistor is a sure-fire way to kill it! (You'll

see a bright flash and it may turn dark)


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Construct Circuit 1


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Construct Circuit 2

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