(1)Labor - June 19, 26, July 9, 10

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(1) Labor Law (Review) Fr. Nazarenos Lectures : June 19, 26, Ju! 9, 1" Jazzie #. $arona (% #anresa)

JUNE 19

Let us be&in wit' *o!ees +o*ensation. 'ebe&innin& o- e*o!ees co*ensation is icart vs. $it' (astcear c'ance/ :o).

'ere is a cart oa0e0 wit' coa. t is on rais. ne o- t'erais was bro3en or 0is4ointe0. $o uc' so t'at w'en t'e cart&oes over it, it sin3s, t'en, recovers. t 'as been 5 0a!s i3e

t'at. 'e e*o!ees re*orte0 t'at to t'e su*ervisor. Not'in&is 0one.*o!ee in uestion is *us'in& t'e cart. 7is

co*anions warn 'i: Naa! ti&a'an ('e'e .. sori .. waa 3o3abao sa ter ). 8!aw *au!o 0ira. aa si!a na&*atuo,na&*au!o si!a. Nati3wan& an& cart. Na0atu&an si!a.

'en !ou ta3 about coa carts, its su**ose0 to be 1 ton.'e 0e-ense o- t'e e*o!er: ne&i&ence. ;iin&nan na

si!a a!aw *au!o 0ira, tua na&0iretsoN is t'is: Bou usicians, !ou t'in3 !ou are

our e*o!ees. 'at is w'! !ou want to a3e a union visGvis us.e are not !our e*o!ers. Bou are not our e*o!ees. e areen&a&e0 in t'e business o- a3in& ovies. Bou are en&a&e0 int'e a3in& o- usic. Cana an& 0aan, 0ii na ta R. $ine i,usic o. 7ow can we be !our e*o!er/ recise! because 0onot 3now about usic, 'ire a usica 0irector. 'e usica0irector is ! e*o!ee. as3 'i, *an&ita& usic t'at wi be@ttin& -or t'is @. &ive !ou u* su aount. e contract.#ovie co*an!, usica 0irector. Lu* su aount, sa!5"",""". an&ita u& usic ini. 8n& tite ani 3a! H+are&iverI.Aasa'a nan& scri*t, *an&ita u& usic ana. $i!a na an& an&ita.

'e ovie co*an! 0oes not 3now t'e business o- usic. tcannot 3now w'o are t'e &oo0 usicians. 'o are t'e 0ruerst'at are wort'! o- t'eir instruents/ 'o are t'e &oo0 win0instruents *a!ers/ #a!o 3a!a ni si!a uta!'o* u& tru*eta3a! 0a3o u& awas/ 'e! 0o not 3now.

$o, 'ow coe t'e! are e*o!ees/$u*ree +ourt sa!s !ou i&'t 'ave be&un i3e t'at. Aut

t'en, !ou c'an&e0. 7ow/ Bou 'ire0 a usica 0irector. Aut !outo0 t'e usica 0irector, an'i a&*ractice sa stu0io. Caru'on tana< 8run a3u'a nio an& ion& tao, naa! L>N bus. ;aita na.

Dn!a, ca si*s. a&ai na u& ca si*s ion& usicians. N&anon&0ii na an an& ica, butan&an *a an u& si*s/ Ca!, recor0 nasi!a sa o*isina sa *a&3aon. ia 3a *ac3e0 unc' an& &aiton.#ao ra ton& ta&aan u& *ac3e0 unc'. 8sa &i3an an& *ac3e0unc'/ $a usica 0irector/ $a L>N< 8n& na&*atawa& nia 3a!L>N.

'at in0icates contro. 8 t'ose instances in0icate contro.8n0 @na!, wit' t'e socae0 @na ta3e, w'en t'e! 0eci0e t'e

*articuar ren0ition o- t'e usic t'at is &oin& to be attac'e0 to t'eovie, w'et'er or not t'e usicians are cae0 u*on to be *art o-t'e visua ta3e o- t'e ovie, because t'e! are *art o- t'e scene o-t'e ovie, t'e! are *a!in& t'ere, or t'e! 'ave no *art. 'e! 4ust*rovi0e t'e usic. n t'e @na ta3e, t'e usica 0irector -a0es out-ro t'e scene. 8n0 t'e one w'o 0eterines t'e @na ta3e is t'eovie 0irector.

anawa na&'ia3 si $'aron, *as*asan na an& vioin

8n& ovie 0irector na an& na&buot ana. 8n0 it is easure0b! secon0s. 'at is 'ow ovies are @na! e0ite0. it'er t'eovie @ts into t'e usic or t'e usic @ts into t'e ovie.

(a3s about a scene in t'e @ Autc' +assi0! an0 t'e$un0ance Ci0, starrin& au Newan, w'ere t'e scene ins*ire0 t'eson& Rain0ro*s Cee* Fain on #! 7ea0 aaaa'< )

t is t'e usica 0irector w'o &ives t'e ateria. Aut @na!,t'e one w'o c'ooses t'e *recise version is t'e ovie 0irectorbecause in t'e en0, 'e is t'e @na creator o- t'e @.

'at is w'! t'e $u*ree +ourt sai0, attention to 0etai is-u@ent o- t'e %t'reuireent. +ontro, not 4ust as to t'e &oaor t'e en0 *ro0uct, but aso as to t'e eans an0 et'o0s to*ro0uce t'at en0 *ro0uct.

'at is w'at a3es LVN vs. P!L. "U#!$!%N# &U!L'a ver!revoutionar! ruin&.

- !ou wi &o t'rou&' soe o- t'e uote0 cases t'ere, in t'eDnite0 $tates, -or a w'ie, t'e! si0etrac3e0 into t'e econoicentit! test. 7ow uc' ac'iner! *er wor3er is investe0/ 'at ist'e test. 'e $u*ree +ourt o- t'e D$ -oun0 t'at is ina0euate.t 0oes not @t a 3in0s o- cases. Fina!, t'e! wit'0raw -ro t'atruin&. 'e! went bac3 to t'e *ower o- contro test.

'e ot'er cases s'ow !ou *recise! 'ow t'e test is et.

Location separation 0oes not violate ( the po/er ofcontrol test. 'e e*o!er a! be se*arate0 -ro t'ee*o!ee *'!sica! but t'e test is sti et. 'at is s'own in t'e

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case o- #2ERL!N& PR3'U$2# vs. #3L (e5ruar) *+,196.

7er 4ob is to @n0 out w'et'er t'e co*an! t'atcontracte0 certain a0vertiseents to be aire0 b! certain ra0iostations at 0e@nite ties are co*!in& wit' t'eir obi&ationsun0er t'e contract. 'e contract -or a0vertiseent sti*uatest'at a0vertiseents -or $terin& ro0ucts s'ou0 be aire0 atcertain ties, et us sa!, noon, evenin& an0 ear! ornin& an0t'e! are *ai0 *er e*osure.

'o wi veri-! t'at/ 'e! 'ire soebo0! to be a ra0ioonitor. #ao na si!a ti&*ainaw. 'e ra0io onitor is notin-ore0 about t'e contract. 'e ra0io onitor is 4ust to0 torecor0 t'e tie !ou 'ear t'ese a0vertiseents.

'at 4ob 0oes not reuire t'e ra0io onitor to re*ort at$terin& oKce. $'e 4ust sta!s at 'oe an0 istens to t'era0io.

'en s'e is @na! @re0 -or soe ot'er reasons, s'ecais securit! o- tenure. 'e co*an! sa!s no, !ou are notour e*o!ee. Bou are a casua e*o!ee, 4ust 'ire0 -or t'ea0vertiseents.

$'e sa!s, a !our e*o!ee. Bou &ave e an =. 'ee*o!er sa!s t'at is not 0e@nitive. s t'at one o- t'ereuisites o- R reations'i*/ Bou 'ave an =/ #a!be t'at= was &iven to !ou so t'at !ou can &o insi0e t'e *reises tocoect !our saar!.

'e issue is can t'e contro test be et even i- t'ee*o!er is -ar awa! -ro t'e e*o!ee on a re&uar, 'abituabasis/ n ever!0a! o- !our wor3, !ou 0o not rea! nee0 'ito be cose to !ou, to su*ervise !ou an0 contro t'e eansan0 et'o0s !ou are usin& to ac'ieve t'e &oa.

'e $u*ree +ourt sa!s !es, t'e contro test in t'isinstance is et. '!/ Aecause o- t'e nuber o- -ors $o'a0 to @ out. $'e @s it out.

n ot'er wor0s, in eEect, t'e -or su*ervises t'ee*o!ee. a&uin&on si!a, 1":%? 8strin&oso a0. 8a'F 0oes not *ossess t'e eeents w'ic' wou0 uai-! itas a *ubic oKce, *articuar! t'e *ossession0ee&ationo- a *ortion o- soverei&n *ower o- &overnent to beeercise0 -or t'e bene@t o- t'e *ubicO2. >F -un0s are not *ubic -un0sO5. >F -un0s coe -ro ebers'i* 0uesO%. 'e ease rentas raise0 -ro t'e use o- &overnentan0s reserve0 -or t'e >F are *rivate in c'aracter an0 0onot beon& to t'e &overnentO?. >F retains its essentia c'aracter as a *rivate, civiian-e0eration o- veterans vountari! -ore0 b! t'eveterans t'eseves to attain a unit! o- eEort, *ur*ose an0ob4ectivesO6. 'e 80inistrative +o0e o- 19M 0oes not *rovi0e t'att'e >F is an attac'e0 a&enc!O an0. =A# 0ecare0 t'at t'e >F is a non&overnentor&anization an0 issue0 a certi@cate t'at t'e >F 'as notbeen a 0irect reci*ient o- an! -un0s reease0 b! t'e =A#

!##UE? 'et'er or not >F is a *rivate cor*oration

EL'? >F is in -act a *ubic cor*oration -or t'e -oowin&reasons:1. R8 26%" is entite0 H%n %ct to $reate a Pu5lic$orporationto be Cnown as t'e >eterans Fe0eration o- t'e'ii**ines, =e@nin& its owers, an0 -or t'erur*osesIO2. 8n! action or 0ecision o- t'e Fe0eration or o- t'e$u*ree +ounci s'a be sub4ect to t'e a**rova o-t'e $ecretar! o- =e-enseO5. >F is reuire0 to subit annua re*orts o- its*rocee0in&s -or t'e *ast !ear to t'e resi0ent o- t'e'ii**ines or to t'e $ecretar! o- Nationa =e-enseO%. >F was iste0 as aon& t'e &overnentowne0 an0controe0 cor*orations t'at wi not be *rivatize0O an0

?. nAng Bagong Bayani !"# Labor $arty v% &!'(L(&, t'e$+ 'e0 in a inute resoution t'at t'e H>F is an a04unct o-t'e &overnentI.

'e -unctions o- >F are eecutive -unctions 0esi&ne0 toi*eent R8 26%" but aso t'e +onstitutiona an0ate -ort'e $tate to *rovi0e ie0iate an0 a0euate care, bene@tsan0 ot'er -ors o- assistance to war veterans an0 veterans o-iitar! ca*ai&ns, t'eir survivin& s*ouses an0 or*'ans.

'e -act t'at no bu0&etar! a**ro*riations 'ave beenreease0 to t'e >F 0oes not *rove t'at it is a *rivatecor*oration. - t'e =A#, 'owever, is ista3en as to itsconcusion re&ar0in& t'e nature o- >Fs incor*oration, its*revious assertions wi not *revent -uture bu0&etar!a**ro*riations to t'e >F. 'e erroneous a**ication o- t'eaw b! *ubic oKcers 0oes not bar a subseuent correcta**ication o- t'e aw.

Nevert'eess, -un0s in t'e 'an0s o- t'e >F -row'atever source are *ubic -un0s, an0 can be use0 on! -or*ubic *ur*oses.

Neit'er is t'e civiian nature o- >F reevant in t'is case.'e +onstitution 0oes not contain an! *ro'ibition, e*ress ori*ie0, a&ainst t'e &rant o- contro an0or su*ervision to t'e$ecretar! o- Nationa =e-ense over a civiian or&anization.

'e 80inistrative +o0e, b! &ivin& 0e@nitions o- t'evarious entities covere0 b! it, ac3nowe0&es t'at itsenueration is not ecusive.

etitioner >F is a *ubic cor*oration. 8s suc', it can be*ace0 un0er t'e contro an0 su*ervision o- t'e $ecretar! o-

Nationa =e-ense, w'o conseuent! 'as t'e *ower to con0uct anetensive ana&eent au0it o- *etitioner cor*oration.

$o, rea0 t'ose 2 cases. 'ose are t'e atest cases on w'et'eror not !ou are covere0 b! t'e Labor +o0e.

8not'er case t'at -as un0er w'en &overnent is su**ose0to be not covere0 b! t'e Labor +o0e. 'e ot'er ece*tion is

8rtices 1"6 to 1", w'en it coes to 4oint an0 severa iabiit! o-t'e contractor i- t'e &overnent is t'e contractor.

Bou are no stran&ers -ro t'e ruin& o- t'e $u*ree +ourtt'at i- t'e contractor 0i0 not *a! t'e saaries o- t'e e*o!ees,t'e in0irect e*o!er, even i- it is &overnent, is iabe 4oint! an0severa!. 'at 'as been t'e ruin& o- t'e $u*ree +ourt.

7ere coes t'e case o-:!# vs. NLR$, L%N2!N& #E$UR!27&.R. N3. 1:;4;, 3cto5er 1:, *>>;

;$$ contracte0 a 4anitoria service *rovi0er. 'e! entere0into an a&reeent. n t'e i00e o- t'e a&reeent, t'ere was awa&e or0er. 8n0 t'e wa&e or0er *recise! *rovi0e0 t'at t'eincrease in t'e iniu wa&e was -or t'e account o- t'e in0irecte*o!er. 'e contractor wi not answer -or t'e increase.

$o, t'e contractor went to t'e ;$$. 7ain naan an&

increase/ #ao an an& suti sa baao0. $o, t'e ;$$ *ai0 t'econtractor. Now, t'e contractor 0i0 not *a! t'e e*o!ees t'e0iEerentia.

'e e*o!ees o- t'e contractor sue0 bot' t'e contractor an0;$$, t'e in0irect e*o!er.

;$$ sai0 Hwe 'ave area0! *ai0. $o, we 'ave to be0isc'ar&e0 o- t'e obi&ation. 8n0 we are &overnent. $o, wes'ou0 not a3e t'is contractor soe! iabe because t'e one!'as area0! been *ai0.I

'at 0i0 t'e NLR+ sa!/NLR+ sa!s t'at !ou are t'e on! one wit' visibe assets.

'ere-ore, we are in a&reeent wit' t'e $'eriE to ev! on !ourassets.

;$$ sa!s, 0oes it not atter i- we are &overnent/'e $u*ree +ourt sai0: Aoint an0 several lia5ilit) is for

the 5eneBt of the /orCers. 8n0 t'is +ourt is an0ate0 tou*'o0 its bene@t even i- t'e in0irect e*o!er is &overnent.

!# vs. NLR$, L%N2!N& #E$UR!27&.R. N3. 1:;4;, 3cto5er 1:, *>>;

%$2#?Lantin& $ecurit! an0 atc'an 8&enc! (L$8) entere0into a $ecurit! $ervice +ontract to *rovi0e securit! &uar0s to t'e*ro*erties o- t'e ;$$.

=urin& t'e eEectivit! o- t'e contract, L$8 reueste0 t'e;$$ -or an u*war0 a04ustent o- t'e contract rate in view o-a&e r0er 1 an0 2. ;$$ a**rove0 t'e u*war0 a04ustent.

n #arc' 1?, 1995, ;$$ terinate0 t'e $ecurit! $ervice+ontract wit' L$8. +o*ainants @e0 se*arate co*aintsa&ainst L$8 -or un0er*a!ent o- wa&es an0 non*a!ent o-abor stan0ar0 bene@ts. L$8 @e0 a 'ir0art! +o*ainta&ainst ;$$ -or un0er*a!ent o- co*ainantsS wa&es. ;$$ae&e0 t'at t'e 'ir0art! +o*aint states no cause o- action

a&ainst itO t'at L$8 obi&ate0 itse- in t'e $ecurit! $ervice+ontract to be soe! iabe -or t'e en-orceent o- an0 co*iancewit' a eistin& abor aws, rues an0 re&uationsO t'at t'e ;$$Aoar0 o- rustees a**rove0 t'e u*war0 a04ustent on a ont'toont' basis.

'e Labor 8rbiter 'e0 L$8 an0 ;$$ 4oint! an0 severa!iabe -or t'e *a!ent o- co*ainantsS one! cais, *ursuant to8rtices 1"6 an0 1" o- t'e Labor +o0e.

'e NLR+ 'e0 t'e ;$$ soe! iabe -or *a!ent o-co*ainantsS one! cais. +8 reverte0 bac3 to t'e ruin&'o0in& ;$$ an0 L$8 4oint! an0 severa! iabe -or t'e *a!ento- co*ainantsS saar! 0iEerentias.

;$$ avers t'at it cannot twice be 'e0 iabe -orco*ainantsS saar! 0iEerentias since it -u! *ai0 co*ainantsSsaaries b! incor*oratin& in t'e $ecurit! $ervice +ontract t'esaar! rate increases an0ate0 b! a&e r0er Nos. 1 an0 2Oot'erwise, it wou0 be un4ust enric'ent on t'e *art o-

co*ainants an0or L$8 at its e*ense. t subits t'at 8rtices1"6 an0 1" o- t'e Labor +o0e were not conte*ate0 b! its-raers to cover *rinci*as or cients o- service contractors w'o'a0 area0! *ai0 -or t'e wa&es o- t'e contractor or subcontractor.

!##UE? 'et'er or not ;$$ is soi0ari! iabe -or *a!ent o-co*ainantsres*on0ents saar! 0iEerentias

RUL!N&? B$, ;$$ is soi0ari! iabe.'e *etition is bere-t o- erit.8rtices 1"6 an0 1" o- t'e Labor +o0e *rovi0e:

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8R. 1"6. +ontractor or subcontractor. 'enever ane*o!er enters into contract wit' anot'er *erson -or t'e*er-orance o- t'e -orers wor3, t'e e*o!ees o- t'econtractor an0 o- t'e atters subcontractor, i- an!, s'a be*ai0 in accor0ance wit' t'e *rovisions o- t'is +o0e.

!n the event that the contractor or su5contractorfails to pa) the /a

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Ae-ore t'at is t'e 4ob o- t'e unions, to &at'er a t'ese0ata to *rove t'at t'ere is 0iscriination. Let us sa! race a&u 3o, ne&ro un!a waa 3o *asu0a 0in'a. 7ow 0o *rove0iscriination/ $tatistica. - in t'is cit!, its uns3ie0 wor3ers,t'e ar3et -or !our abor is on! oca. - t'e cit! 'as t'e*o*uation *ercenta&e o- %"U bac3, 6"U nonbac3 an0 t'eabor co*onent o- t'is *articuar -actor! is not %"6", t'en,area0!, t'e e*o!er ust *rove t'at t'is statistic is notin0icative o- 0iscriination.

Aut now, -or a&e, a !ou 'ave to 0o is ae&e. #ao nia3on& e0a0. was e*o!e0, t'en, was reove0. Now, it ist'e turn o- t'e e*o!er to *rove t'at t'ere was no0iscriination w'en !ou were reove0. 'at is t'e rue.

$a ato, waa *a na. '!/ an&utanon an sa ion&a**ication -or, 'ow o0 are !ou/ =ate o- birt'/ Bou cannotreuire an! a**ication -or t'e 0ate o- birt' uness t'e a&e 'as0irect reation to t'e 4ob.

8na sia oo3in& -or a c'i0 actor/ Dn!a ?" !ears o0 an0above 3a/ =iscriination o'/ 'at is 0irect reation to t'e

4ob. 'en, !ou can as3 -or t'e 0ate o- birt'. Dness it is0irect! reate0, !ou cannot.

JUL7 9

#ore or ess we 'ave covere0 a t'e R reations'i*cases.

wi 4ust touc' on an i*ortant *articuar issue: w'et'eror not R reations'i* is a uestion o- -act or a uestion o-aw.

Bou wi @n0 4ust as an! cases t'at wi sa! w'ere t'eR reations'i* is uestion o- -act. Facts 0eterinew'et'er t'ere eists an0 R reations'i*. 8n0 t'ere arecases aso w'ere t'e $+ sa!s R reations'i* is a uestiono- aw.

'at is t'e correct con@&uration o- t'at *articuaruestion/

Rea0in& t'rou&' a t'e cases, t'e wa! to reconcie ist'is:

!f the putative ER is onl) one, then, Dost liCel), )ou/ill have a question of factan0 t'e reuireents t'ere -ort'e eistence o- t'e R reations'i*.

- t'e reuireents are 'az!, i3e seection an0 'irin&,*a!ent o- wa&es, *ower to 0isiss, t'en, t'e settin& issuewi be *ower o- contro, not its eistence but its reservation int'e ver! east w'et'er or not t'e *utative e*o!erreserves t'e ri&'t to contro, even i- no evi0ence is &iven o- itsactua eistence. - t'ere is &ier o- evi0ence on t'at,t'en, t'e trier o- -acts ust 'o0 t'at t'e R reations'i*eists. '!/ Aecause t'e *resu*tion is or t'e biase0 is -ort'e eistence o- t'e R reations'i*.

For *ur*oses o- t'e or0inar! an, t'ere is &reater*rotection i- t'ere eists R reations'i*. 'at is w'! t'eaw stretc'es t'e inter*retation o- t'e % reuireents *owerto 0isiss, seection an0 'irin&, *a!ent o- wa&es an0 *ower

o- contro.No w'ere in t'e reuireents 0oes it sa! ren0ition o-service.

n t'e sae wa!, !ou see 'ow t'e aw o*erates on acontract o- carria&e. s it inter*rete0 in -avor o- t'e cooncarrier/ N, t'e coon carrier is un0er ver! 'eav!eaction. t ust eercise not on! t'e 0ii&ence o- a &oo0-at'er o- a -ai! but t'e &reatest 0e&ree o- 0ii&ence. ven i-t'ere is no carria&e !et, t'e contract o- carria&e area0!eists. ven i- t'e *assen&er 'as area0! reac'e0 'is0estination, -or as on& 'as not !et &one out -u!, -ree! an0autonoous! to c'arter 'is course an!w'ere, t'e contract o-carria&e sti eists.

'at is w'! in R reations'i*s, t'e reuireents arestretc'e0 *recise! -or t'e *rotection -or or0inar! wor3er.

'e *icture 'owever c'an&e /hen there are Dultipleputative eDplo)ers, /hen there is contractin< an0 su5-contractin

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'is is 0iEerentiate0 -ro o) #couts of thePhilippines vs. NLR$ because t'e Ao! $couts wasarea0! create0 b! an ori&ina c'arter be-ore t'e195? +onstitution. ts a0inistration 'as awa!sbeen 0irect! in3e0 wit' t'e &overnent because it'as awa!s been use0 in t'e *ast as a 0irect ar -orinTuencin& t'e !out', w'ic' in t'e +onstitution issu**ose0 to be one o- t'e *iars o- t'e -uture o- oursociet!. n a t'e various sc'oos, bo! scoutin& is a

s*eci@c *ro&ra -or t'e -oration o- t'e !out'. ust'e *roviso t'at t'e nuber one bo! scout is no esst'an t'e resi0ent o- t'e 'ii**ines, re&ar0ess o-'is or 'er &en0er. 'en t'e aw 0oes not0iEerentiate, neit'er s'ou0 we 0istin&uis'. 'at is aver! i*ortant rue in $tatutor! +onstruction.

Dn0er t'e Ao! $cout Law, t'e *resi0ent,re&ar0ess o- t'e &en0er, is t'e nuber one bo!scout.

37 #$3U2# 3 2E P!L!PP!NE# vs. NLR$19 #$R% 1;

%$2#? n 19M%, t'e $ecretar!;enera o- A$ issue0 @ve (?)s*ecia or0ers ($) -or t'e res*on0ents w'o were a ran3an0@e e*o!ees.

'e $ an0ates t'at t'e! wi be trans-erre0 to A$+a* in 8suncion, =avao 0e Norte -ro t'eir ca* in#a3iin&. Res*on0ents averre0 t'at suc' or0er is *re4u0icianot on! to t'eir econoic stabiit! but aso to t'eir -aiies.

D*on t'eir @in& o- a co*aint, t'e! were subseuent!terinate0. 'e L8 0isisse0 t'e co*aint -or ac3 o-

4uris0iction. NLR+ reverse0 t'e 0ecision or0erin& A$ toreinstate res*on0ents wit' -u bac3 wa&es.

A$ conten0s t'at it is un0er t'e +$ Law because it is anor&anization create0 un0er &A *** +an Act to &reate a $ublic&orporation to be nown as B-$) wit' obi&ation towar0snationbui0in&.

!##UE? 'o 'as 4uris0iction/

EL'? +$+ 'as 4uris0iction. t is a ;++ wit' ori&ina c'arter.+onsi0erin& its c'aracter an0 t'e *ur*ose o- its -unction, t'e

statutor! 0esi&nation o- A$ as a H*ubic cor*orationI, an0 t'esubstantia *artici*ation o- t'e &overnent in t'e seection o-its ebers, t'ere is no 0oubt t'at it -as un0er +$ Law.(La3as 8tenista transcri*tion )

$o, t'is is one instance ($+8 case) w'ere t'e ecusionin 8rtice M2 is 0isre&ar0e0.

b. $econ0 instance is soli0ar) lia5ilit) in case ofcontractin< an0 su5-contractin

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cassi@e0 as ana&eria e*o!ees because i- !ou arecassi@e0 as ana&eria e*o!ees in Labor Reations, !ou'ave absoute! no ri&'t to eercise se-or&anization.

Aut w'en !ou cross, ana&eria e*o!ees un0er Labor$tan0ar0s are broa0er. $u*ervisors are area0! ana&eriae*o!ees. 'e! are not entite0 to overtie. 'at is ore,soebo0! w'o 0oes not ostensib! 0o an! ana&eria actbecause 'e 0oes not 'ave an! to su*ervise, 'e is sticonsi0ere0 as ana&eria, an0 t'ere-ore, not entite0 to

overtie, *reiu *a! an0 ot'er [email protected] instance, i- !ou are a cost accountant, !ou 'ave nosu*ervisors. +ost accountin& now, uni3e in t'e *ast, can be0one wit' t'e use o- a +. Ae-ore !ou wou0 nee0 @in& cer3sbecause !our recor0s are a 3e*t in 'ar0co*!. Now, because!ou are 4ust 'oo3e0 u* to t'e s!ste, it 4ust nee0s ost*robab! a +8 w'o wi 'an0e cost accountin& -or a ar&ecor*oration an0 t'e! 'ave a wa! o- retrievin& costs. 8t t'een0 o- t'e 0a!, !ou 3now !our costs.

s t'at cost accountant, w'o 'as no contact at a wit'an!bo0!, a ran3an0@e e*o!ee/ 'e answer is N,because 'e is e*icit! e-t out un0er 8rtice M2 ebers o-t'e ana&eria staE.

'! is 'e incu0e0/ Aecause 'e 0eas wit' ana&eriain-oration. #ost!, t'is ana&eria in-oration is LaborReations reate0, ana&eria reate0. t *uts 'i in a 0iKcutsituation o- 'avin& to co*ute -or 'is ran3an0@e bene@tw'en 'e is in -act awa!s in association wit' ana&in&.

'e reason w'! ana&eent s in Labor $tan0ar0s isbecause t'e! are not 'ire0 -or t'e 'ours o- wor3 t'at t'e!ren0er. '! are t'e! 'ire0/ 'e! are 'ire0 -or t'eir s*eciatrainin&, to *ro0uce resuts, to setu* &oas, *ursue t'e &oasan0 onitor t'e *ursuit o- &oas. ie is not 0irect! reate0.

=oes it ean t'at t'e ana&er 0oes not 'ave to s'owu*in t'e oKce/ N. Aut t'at is not t'e essence o- 'is *ur*oseo- bein& en&a&e0. 7is *ur*ose is not tie reate0, but resutsreate0, &oa reate0, e*ertise.

'at is w'! t'eir saaries are not co*ute0 on a tiebasis.

5. e &o to t'ir0 &rou* o- s t'at are ecu0e0. 'ere isR reations'i* but it is ecu0e0. 'o are t'ese/ iel0personnel.

'at 0o !ou 'ave to reeber about @e0 *ersonne/ 5t'in&s.

a. 'e wor0 @e0 is an!t'in& but a&ricutura.b. Re&uar! *er-or t'eir 0uties outsi0e t'e oKces o-

t'e Rc. 'eir t!*e o- wor3, t'eir 'ours o- wor3 cannot be

0eterine0 wit' reasonabe certaint!.

ne o- t'e cases t'at brin&s t'is about is t'e case o-"ER$!'%R !#!N& $3RP3R%2!3N vs. NLR$, . %&%329 $+R8 %%" (199M). t is a case o- s in a 0ee*sea @s'in&boat. =oes it ean t'at it 'as to be counte0 t'e entire tiet'at 'e is out at sea as wor3in& tie because it is outsi0e t'e*ace o- oKce o- t'e R/

'e answer is N. Fis'eren e*o!e0 b! *etitioner'ave no c'oice but to reain on boar0 its vesse. 8t'ou&'

t'e! *er-ore0 nona&ricutura wor3 awa! -ro t'e*etitioners business oKces, t'e -act reains t'at t'rou&'outt'e 0uration o- t'eir wor3, t'e! are un0er t'e eEective controan0 su*ervision o- t'e *etitioner t'rou&' t'e vesses *atron oraster, as t'e NLR+ correct! 'e0.

t is not autoatic t'ere-ore t'at 4ust because !ou wor3outsi0e t'e *ace o- oKce t'at !ou are a @e0 *ersonne.'at is ore i*ortant is t'at !our 'ours o- wor3 cannot be0eterine0 wit' reasonabe certaint!. '! can it not be0eterine0/ Not because t'ere is ac3 o- su*ervision orsu*ervision is 0iKcut, but because o- t'e nature o- t'eirwor3. Aisan unsan& tuto3 nio sa i!an& traba'o, 0i &!u0 3aa3a0eterine u& *ia i!an& oras *a&traba'o.

"ER$!'%R !#!N& $3RP vs. NLR$

%$2#? rivate res*on0ent 'a0 been e*o!e0 as aHbo0e&eroI or s'i*s uarteraster. 7e ae&e0 t'at 'e 'a0been sic3 an0 t'us aowe0 to &o on eave wit'out *a! -or oneont' but t'at w'en 'e re*orte0 to wor3, 'e was to0 tocoe bac3 anot'er tie as 'e cou0 not be reinstate0ie0iate!. 'erea-ter, *etitioner re-use0 to &ive 'i wor3.rivate res*on0ent as3e0 -or a certi@cate o- e*o!ent -ro*etitioner. etitioner re-use0 to issue t'e certi@cate uness 'esubitte0 'is resi&nation. $ince *rivate res*on0ent re-use0to subit suc' etter uness 'e was &iven se*aration *a!,*etitioner *revente0 'i -ro enterin& t'e *reises.

etitioner ae&e0 t'at it was *rivate res*on0ent w'o actua!aban0one0 'is wor3.

'e Labor 8rbiter or0ere0 t'e res*on0ent to reinstateco*ainant wit' bac3 wa&es, *a! 'i 'is 15t' ont' *a! an0incentive eave *a! -or 199".

n a**ea, t'e NLR+ 0isisse0 *etitioners cai t'at itcannot be 'e0 iabe -or service incentive eave *a! b! @s'erenin its e*o! as t'e atter su**ose0! are H@e0 *ersonneI an0t'us not entite0 to suc' *a! un0er t'e Labor +o0e.

!##UE? 'et'er or not t'e @s'in& crew ebers cannot becassi@e0 as @e0 *ersonne un0er 8rtice M2 o- t'e Labor +o0e.

EL'? 'e *etition 'as no erit.Hiel0 personnelI s'a re-er to nona&ricutura e*o!ees

w'o re&uar! *er-or t'eir 0uties awa! -ro t'e *rinci*a *ace o-business or branc' oKce o- t'e e*o!er an0 w'ose actua 'ourso- wor3 in t'e @e0 cannot be 0eterine0 wit' reasonabecertaint!.

n 0eci0in& w'et'er or not an e*o!ees actua wor3in&'ours in t'e @e0 can be 0eterine0 wit' reasonabe certaint!,uer! ust be a0e as to w'et'er or not suc' e*o!ees tiean0 *er-orance is constant! su*ervise0 b! t'e e*o!er.

n t'is case, 0urin& t'e entire course o- t'eir @s'in& vo!a&e,@s'eren e*o!e0 b! *etitioner 'ave no c'oice but to reain onboar0 its vesse. 8t'ou&' t'e! *er-or nona&ricutura wor3awa! -ro *etitioners business oKces, t'e -act reains t'att'rou&'out t'e 0uration o- t'eir wor3 t'e! are un0er t'e eEectivecontro an0 su*ervision o- *etitioner t'rou&' t'e vesses *atron oraster as t'e NLR+ correct! 'e0.

(La3as 8tenista ranscri*tion )

'e cassic ea*e o- a @e0 *ersonne is t'e saesan. $ai!an& *a&*aai&!a, a!u'on na na i!an& custoer. #an&aon siasa &awas. a3anon sa &awas. $i&e sia stor!a, 'o*in& t'at in t'een0 'e wi &et a 4ob or0er.

t wou0 be un-air to t'e R to count t'e entire tie aswor3in& tie.

n ot'er wor0s, t'e ver! nature o- 'is -unctions ren0er iti*ossibe to 0eterine wit' certaint! 'is 'ours o- wor3.

ease reeber t'at w'en it coes to @e0 *ersonne. Not4ust because t'e! are outsi0e.

'at is t'e reason w'! t'e! are ee*te0. t wou0 be un-airto t'e R i- t'eir 'ours o- wor3 wou0 be counte0 because -ran3!s*ea3in&, it cannot be 0eterine0 wit' reasonabe certaint!.

%. 'oDestic helpers?. Persons in the personal service of another

'ese two are siiar. Dnsa an& 0i*erensi!a anin& 0u'a/'oDestics serve -or t'e *ersona co-ort o- a 'ouse'o0.

8n0 t'e! incu0e t'e services o- a -ai! 0river.'at is t'e si&ni@cance o- t'e incusion o- a -ai! 0river/

'e incusion o- t'e -ai! 0river is si&ni@cant to te us t'at it isnot t'e activit! t'at a3es 'i 0oestic. t is t'e e*o!er.=rivin& is an in0ustria tas3. 8n0 !et, i- !ou are a -ai! 0river,!ou are not an in0ustria wor3er. Bou are 0oestic. 'at a3es!ou a 0oestic/ Not t'e c'ore t'at !ou 0o but !our R. - it is a

'ouse'o0, !ou are not an in0ustria wor3er i- !ou are a 0river. Bouare not covere0 b! t'e in0ustria iniu wa&e rate. Bou arecovere0 b! t'e iniu wa&e rates o- 0oestics, w'ic' is M""in 1stcass cities, 6?" in 1stcass unici*aities an0 ot'er *aces ?"". #ao na ba rate 3arun sa =avao/ a na! ai0 na a3u'au& M""

ec'nica!, a t'e ai0s s'ou0 be area0! be re&istere0 wit't'e $$$ because t'e oent t'eir wa&e reac'es 1,""", t'e!ust be co*usori! covere0.

'e 0iEerence between *ersons in t'e *ersona service o-anot'er an0 0oestic is t'at 0oestics are 'ouse'o0. - !ou 0onot 'ave a 'ouse'o0, t'en, it is *ersona service.

'e! are ee*te0 -ro Labor $tan0ar0s aw because t'et!*e o- en&a&eent is ante0ate0, on& be-ore t'e n0ustriaRevoution. Aut t'ose consi0ere0 in t'e *ersona service o-

anot'er are t'e vaet.

- !ou are not arrie0, !ou cannot 'ave 0oestics. Aut !oucan 'ave *ersons in t'e *ersona service.

n t'e case o- %PEG "!N!N& vs. NLR$ 199 $+R8 2M (1991),t'ese c'aber ai0s w'o were servin& t'e co*an! 'ouse t'ataccoo0ate0 Ja*anese e*atriates wor3in& -or 8*e #inin&, t'eai0 t'ere t'at were ceanin& t'e 'ouse, coo3in&, 0oin& t'eaun0r! o- t'e Ja*anese, w'en t'e! were *ai0 0oestic rates, t'e$u*ree +ourt sai0 t'at is vioation.

'at were t'e! 0oin&/ 'e! were 0oin& 0oestic c'ores.#ani'i&, a&uto, a&aba. 8re t'e! not associate0 wit'

8

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0oestic c'ores/ e0estrian an&ua&e 0ictates t'at i- t'e! 0ot'at, ai0 sia.

Aut in aw, t'at is not w'at is 0eterinative o- 0oestics.t is t'e e*o!ers. 'e $u*ree +ourt sa!s t'at t'e! s'ou0not be *ai0 0oestic rates. 'e! s'ou0 be *ai0 coerciaor in0ustria iniu wa&e rates.

%PEG "!N!N& $3"P%N7, !N$. vs. N%2!3N%L L%3RREL%2!3N# $3""!##!3N an0 #!N$L!2!$% $%N'!'3

%$2#? +an0i0o was e*o!e0 8*e #inin& to *er-or aun0r!services at its staE 'ouse ocate0 at #aco, =avao 0e Norte.n =eceber 1M, 19M, w'ie s'e was atten0in& to 'erassi&ne0 tas3 an0 s'e was 'an&in& 'er aun0r!, s'eacci0enta! si**e0 an0 'it 'er bac3 on a stone. 8s a resut o- t'e acci0ent s'e was not abe to continuewit' 'er wor3. $'e was *eritte0 to &o on eave -ore0ication. 'e ana&er o- 8*e oEere0 'er t'e aount o-?,"""."" to *ersua0e 'er to uit 'er 4ob, but s'e re-use0 t'eoEer an0 *re-erre0 to return to wor3. etitioner 0i0 not aow'er to return to wor3 an0 0isisse0 'er. +an0i0o @e0 a reuest -or assistance wit' t'e =L. 'eLabor 8rbiter ren0ere0 a 0ecision in -avor o- +an0i0o, w'ic'was aKre0 b! t'e NLR+.

!##UE? 'et'er or not a 'ouse'e*er in t'e staE 'ouses o-an in0ustria co*an! a 0oestic 'e*er or a re&uare*o!ee o- t'e sai0 @r.

RUL!N&? 'e ter S0oDestic servantS an0 s'a re-er to an!*erson, w'et'er ae or -eae, w'o ren0ers services in an0about t'e e*o!erSs 'oe an0 w'ic' services are usua!necessar! or 0esirabe -or t'e aintenance an0 en4o!entt'ereo-, an0 inisters ecusive! to t'e *ersona co-ort an0en4o!ent o- t'e e*o!erSs -ai! 'e -ore&oin& 0e@nition cear! conte*ates suc''ouse'e*er or 0oestic servant w'o is e*o!e0 in t'ee*o!erSs 'oe to inister ecusive! to t'e *ersonaco-ort an0 en4o!ent o- t'e e*o!erSs -ai!. $uc'0e@nition covers -ai! 0rivers, 0oestic servants, aun0r!woen, !a!as, &ar0eners, 'ousebo!s an0 ot'er siiar'ouse'e*s. 'e 0e@nition cannot be inter*rete0 to incu0e 'ouse'e*or aun0r! woen wor3in& in staE'ouses o- a co*an!, i3e*etitioner w'o atten0s to t'e nee0s o- t'e co*an!Ss &uestan0 ot'er *ersons avaiin& o- sai0 -aciities. A! t'e saeto3en, it cannot be consi0ere0 to eten0 to t'e 0river,'ousebo!, or &ar0ener ecusive! wor3in& in t'e co*an!,t'e staE'ouses an0 its *reises. 'e! a! not be consi0ere0as wit'in t'e eanin& o- a W'ouse'e*erW or W0oesticservantW as above0e@ne0 b! aw. 'e ere -act t'at t'e 'ouse'e*er or 0oestic servantis wor3in& wit'in t'e *reises o- t'e business o- t'e e*o!eran0 in reation to or in connection wit' its business, as in itsstaE'ouses -or its &uest or even -or its oKcers an0e*o!ees, warrants t'e concusion t'at suc' 'ouse'e*er or

0oestic servant is an0 s'ou0 be consi0ere0 as a re&uare*o!ee o- t'e e*o!er an0 not as a ere -ai!'ouse'e*er or 0oestic servant. (+'rist #a! 8n0oana)

ease reeber: i- a 0oestic is a0e to *er-orin0ustria or coercia tas3, an& ai0 nio sa baa! in&nannio na a0to sa tin0a'an 3a! ni absent ton& aton& tin0era. -t'e! 0o t'at, !ou 'ave assi&ne0 'er to 0o coercia tas3.

'at trans-ors 'er. 'at a3es 'er into a coerciawor3er. 8n0 s'e ceases to receive 0oestic rates. $'e ustreceive coercia rates.

ease 3ee* in in0 t'at t'e trans-oration is on! onewa!. Cun& an& ion& tin0era in&nan nio a0to 0i0to 3a!na3u!a*an an& ai0, wa na! ubanta! sa bata. a&a0to sa

baa!, na'io ba si!a u& 0oestic/ N, s'e continues to bea coercia wor3er. Bou cannot ower 'er saar!. 7er saar!on! &oes u*. 'e trans-oration on! wor3s one wa!.

- !ou are as3e0 a uestion, w'at are t'e wor3in& 'ours o-a 0oestic/ 'e! are *rovi0e0 in t'e +ivi +o0e, 8rtice 169?.

'e wor3in& 'ours are not ore t'an 1" 'ours.

%R2!$LE 19:. 7ouse 'e*ers s'a not be reuire0 to wor3ore t'an ten 'ours a 0a!. ver! 'ouse 'e*er s'a beaowe0 -our 0a!sS vacation eac' ont', wit' *a!.

Reeber t'e R!&2# 3 3U#E ELPER#H'3"E#2!$#:

*% They have a right to an original contract of not more than0 years%

8-ter 2 !ears ana, t'e! can eave. 'at is 8rtice1%2.

%R2!$LE 14*. $ontract of 'oDestic service. V 'eori&ina contract o- =oestic service s'a not ast -or ore

t'an two (2) !ears but it a! be renewe0 -or suc' *erio0s asa! be a&ree0 u*on b! t'e *arties.

2. They have a right to the minimum wage of domestics,w'ic' is now *rovi0e0 un0er 8rtice 1%5. M"", 6?", ?"".

'e 0eterination o- t'e wa&e is t'e t!*e o- cit! orunici*ait!.

%R2!$LE 146. "iniDuD /a

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%R2!$LE 1:>. #ervice of terDination notice.V - t'e 0uration o- t'e 'ouse'o0 service is not0eterine0 eit'er in sti*uation or b! t'e nature o- t'eservice, t'e e*o!er or t'e 'ouse'e*er a! &ive noticeto *ut an en0 to t'e reations'i* @ve (?) 0a!s be-ore t'einten0e0 terination o- t'e service

4% The right to employment certi/cation

'e in0ustria or coercia wor3er 0oes not 'avet'e ri&'t to 0ean0 -ro 'er R certi@cation as to t'enuber o- !ears t'at 'e was wor3in&.

'e ain 0oestic ri&'t is t'e e*o!entcerti@cation. >er! -ew 3now t'at.

JUL7 1>, *>>+

&roups of /orCers that are exclu0e0 or exeDpte0 froDLa5or #tan0ar0s 5eneBts as provi0e0 in the La5or$o0e?1. ;overnent e*o!ees2. #ana&eria e*o!ees5. Fie0 *ersonne%. =oestic 'e*ers?. ersons in t'e *ersona service o- anot'er

(3at'na an& *a3iao wor3ers. Aase0 sa ectures ni!a be-orea! isa na 'in0i *a naention in cass ebers o- t'e-ai! o- t'e e*o!er w'o are 0e*en0ent on 'i -or su**ort so, eto an& i3a6t'.. i t'in3 )

. PaCiao /orCersa3iao is a tec'nica ter in Labor, it is not 4ust a wor0 in

t'e vernacuar. t is an oKcia an0 tec'nica ters -oun0 int'e Labor +o0e. Bou ust &et t'e s*ein& o- t'e Labor +o0e H*a3iaoI.

'e on! *robe is, in t'e Fair Labor $tan0ar0s 8ct o- t'eDnite0 $tates (-ro w'ic' our Labor $tan0ar0s aws were0rawn), *a3iao wor3ers or wor3ers *ai0 are o- two 3in0s:

a. wor3er *ai0 on a *iecerate basisb. wor3er *ai0 on a tas3 basis.

a3iao sa ato, *iece rate, *a3iao. 'en !ou are *ai0 on atas3 basis, *a3iao &i'a*on. =ii 3aa!o 0iEerentiate0. urterinoo&! covers a utitu0e o- con0itions.

Aut in t'e Fair Labor $tan0ar0s 8ct o- t'e D$, t'ere are0iEerentiations.

'! 0o *oint t'at out/ Aecause o- t'e ac3 o-0iEerentiation, t'e $u*ree +ourt itse- coitte0 a bun0er.

'e! ista3e a certain *a3iao arran&eent. 'e error o- t'e$u*ree +ourt is t'at t'e! are actua! aen0in& t'e aw. tis not 4u0icia e&isation, b! t'e -act t'at t'e! su**!soet'in& w'ic' is not t'ere, t'ere-ore, t'e! are e&isatin&.Aut t'e! are rea! contravenin&.

n R3#%R!3 R3# vs. 3PLE (164 #$R% 1;* @ 19+4 ,it sa!s, t'is +ourt rues t'at taiors an0 siiar wor3ers 'ire0in t'e taiorin& 0e*artent o- a 0e*artent store, at'ou&'

*ai0 wee3! wa&es on *iecewor3 basis, are e*o!ees *ai0on a *iecerate basis, not in0e*en0ent contractors. =ii *a na3aa!o na &rabe na sa!o*.

'en, it sa!s, accor0in&!, as re&uar wor3ers *ai0 on*iecerate basis, *etitioners are not entite0 to overtie *a!,'oi0a! *a!, *reiu *a!, rest 0a! *a! an0 serviceincentives.

+orrect *a na#$R% :>9 @ 199+, it sa!s t'e *iecerate e*o!ees are entite0to ni&'ts'i-t 0iEerentia, 'oi0a! *a!, service incentive eave,*reiu *a! an0 15t'ont' *a! in accor0ance wit' t'e rues toi*eent t'e Labor +o0e.

L%3R $3N&RE## vs. NLR$ ("a) *1, 199+%$2#? etitioners were ran3an0@e e*o!ees o- res*on0ent*ire Foo0 ro0ucts, w'ic' 'ire0 t'e on various 0ates.etitioners @e0 a co*aint -or ie&a oc3out an0or 0isissa an0un0er*a!ent o- wa&es.

+o*ainantsS a0itte0 t'at t'e! are *iece wor3ers or *ai0 ona *a3iao basis i.e. a certain aount -or ever! t'ousan0 *ieces o-c'eese curs or ot'er *ro0ucts re*ac3e0. 'e on! iitation -or*iece wor3ers or *a3iao wor3ers is t'at t'e! s'ou0 receiveco*ensation no ess t'an t'e iniu wa&e -or an M'our wor3.

'e Labor 8rbiter rue0 t'at t'ere was no un0er *a!ent o-wa&es. 'is was aKre0 b! t'e NLR+.

!##UE? 'et'er or not *etitioners s'ou0 be reinstate0 -ro t'e0ate o- t'eir 0isissa u* to t'e tie o- t'eir reinstateent, wit'bac3wa&es, statutor! bene@ts, 0aa&es an0 attorne!Ss -ees.

EL'?'e -aiure to wor3 -or one 0a!, w'ic' resute0 in t'e s*oia&e

o- c'eese curs 0oes not aount to aban0onent o- wor3. n -acttwo (2) 0a!s a-ter t'e re*orte0 aban0onent o- wor3 or on

Januar! 25, 1991, *etitioners @e0 a co*aint -or, aon& ot'ers,un-air abor *ractice, ie&a oc3out an0or ie&a 0isissa. necou0 not *ossib! aban0on 'is wor3 an0 s'ort! t'erea-tervi&orous! *ursue 'is co*aint -or ie&a 0isissa.

etitioners are t'ere-ore entite0 to reinstateent wit' -u

bac3 wa&es. Nevert'eess, t'e recor0s 0iscose t'at ta3in& intoaccount t'e nuber o- e*o!ees invove0, t'e en&t' o- tiet'at 'as a*se0 since t'eir 0isissa, an0 t'e *erce*tiberesentent an0 enit! between *etitioners an0 *rivateres*on0ents w'ic' necessari! straine0 t'eir reations'i*,reinstateent wou0 be i*ractica an0 'ar0! *rootive o- t'ebest interests o- t'e *arties. n ieu o- reinstateent t'en,se*aration *a! at t'e rate o- one ont' -or ever! !ear o- serviceis in or0er.

etitioners, as *iecerate wor3ers 'avin& been *ai0 b! t'e*iece, t'ere is nee0 to 0eterine t'e var!in& 0e&rees o-*ro0uction an0 0a!s wor3e0 b! eac' wor3er.

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8s to t'e ot'er bene@ts, nae!, 'oi0a! *a!, *reiu*a!, 15t' ont' *a! an0 service incentive eave w'ic' t'eabor arbiter -aie0 to rue on but w'ic' *etitioners *ra!e0 -orin t'eir co*aint, we 'o0 t'at *etitioners are so entite0 tot'ese bene@ts. 'ree -actors ea0 us to concu0e t'at*etitioners, at'ou&' *iecerate wor3ers, were re&uare*o!ees o- *rivate res*on0ents:(1) as to t'e nature o- *etitionersS tas3s, t'eir 4ob o- re*ac3in&snac3 -oo0 was necessar! or 0esirabe in t'e usua business o-

*rivate res*on0ents, w'o were en&a&e0 in t'e anu-acturean0 sein& o- suc' -oo0 *ro0uctsO (2) *etitioners wor3e0 -or*rivate res*on0ents t'rou&'out t'e !ear, t'eir e*o!entnot 'avin& been 0e*en0ent on a s*eci@c *ro4ect or seasonOan0(5) t'e en&t' o- tie t'at *etitioners wor3e0 -or *rivateres*on0ents. 'us, w'ie *etitionersS o0e o-co*ensation was on a W*er *iece basis,W t'e status an0nature o- t'eir e*o!ent was t'at o- re&uar e*o!ees.

'e Rues *eentin& t'e Labor +o0e ecu0e certaine*o!ees -ro receivin& bene@ts suc' as ni&'ttie *a!,'oi0a! *a!, service incentive eave an0 15t' ont' *a!, interaia, W@e0 *ersonne an0 ot'er e*o!ees w'ose tie an0*er-orance is unsu*ervise0 b! t'e e*o!er, incu0in& t'osew'o are en&a&e0 on tas3 or contract basis, *ure! coissionbasis, or t'ose w'o are *ai0 a @e0 aount -or *er-orin&wor3 irres*ective o- t'e tie consue0 in t'e *er-orancet'ereo-.W ain!, *etitioners as *iecerate wor3ers 0o not -awit'in t'is &rou*. Not on! 0i0 *etitioners abor un0er t'econtro o- *rivate res*on0ents as t'eir e*o!er, i3ewise 0i0*etitioners toi t'rou&'out t'e !ear wit' t'e -u@ent o- t'eiruota as su**ose0 basis -or co*ensation. Furt'er, in $ectionM(b), Rue >, Aoo3 , *iece wor3ers are s*eci@ca!entione0 as bein& entite0 to 'oi0a! *a!.

n a00ition, t'e Revise0 ;ui0eines on t'e *eentationo- t'e 15t' #ont' a! Law, in view o- t'e o0i@cations to .=.No. M?1 b! #eoran0u r0er No. 2M, cear! ecu0e t'ee*o!er o- *iece rate wor3ers -ro t'ose ee*te0 -ro*a!in& 15t' ont' *a!.

8ccor0in& to $ec 2(e), Rue , Aoo3 o- t'e *eentin&Rues, wor3ers w'o are *ai0 b! resuts incu0in& t'ose w'oare *ai0 on *iecewor3, ta3a!, *a3iao, or tas3 basis, i- t'eirout*ut rates are in accor0ance wit' t'e stan0ar0s *rescribe0

un0er $ec. M, Rue >, Aoo3 , o- t'ese re&uations, or w'eresuc' rates 'ave been @e0 b! t'e $ecretar! o- Labor inaccor0ance wit' t'e a-oresai0 section, are not entite0 toreceive overtie *a!. 7ere, *rivate res*on0ents 0i0 not ae&ea0'erence to t'e stan0ar0s set -ort' in $ec. M nor wit' t'erates *rescribe0 b! t'e $ecretar! o- Labor. 8s suc',*etitioners are be!on0 t'e abit o- ee*te0 *ersons an0are t'ere-ore entite0 to overtie *a!.

'en !ou nae bene@ts an0 !et 8rtice M2 e*icit!sin&es out *a3iao wor3ers as not incu0e0 in t'ose bene@ts, ist'at 4u0icia e&isation/ 'at is 4u0icia booboo.

'e on! correct t'in& wit' t'e $u*ree +ourt issc'oars'i* because t'e oent t'e! a3e a 0ecision an0 it*asse0 otion -or reconsi0eration, it is @e0. 8s Justice

+ar0oso sai0, t'e $u*ree +ourt is in-aibe because it is@na. t is not @na because it is in-aibe. 8n0 t'e -aibiit! o-t'e $u*ree +ourt ust be a constant worr! o- t'e 4u0icias!ste. 'e *a!ers in t'e 4u0icia s!ste cannot voice outt'e s'ortcoin& o- t'e $u*ree +ourt i- t'e! 'ave an interestto *ursue. 'o can 0o t'at/ 'e aca0eicians. 8n0 !ou 0ot'at, b! s'owin& it.

8rtice M2 sa!s *a3iao wor3ers are not incu0e0 in t'esebene@ts overtie. 'en, 'ere coes =avi0e an0 'e sa!st'at t'ese are *iecerate wor3ers an0 as suc', t'e! areentite0 to ni&'t s'i-t 0iEerentia, 'oi0a! *a!, serviceincentive eave, *reiu *a! an0 15 t'ont' *a!. - w'at 'esa!s, on! one is correct 15t'ont' *a!. 15t'ont' *a! iscorrect because it is not in t'e Labor +o0e. 8n0 15t'ont'*a! is s*ecia.

'ere is one t!*e o- *a3iao wor3er t'at is entite0 to 15

t'

ont' *a! t'at is t'e *iecerate *a3iao wor3er. 'e *a3iaowor3er t'at is *ai0 b! resuts is not entite0 to 15 t'ont' *a!. a ta3in& o- = M?1 an0 t'e -urt'er &ui0eines issue0 b!+orazon 8uino.

$a!o* ni.

h) are paCiao /orCers taCen out'e! are ta3en out because t'e aount o- t'eir *a! is

reate0 not to t'e tie t'at t'e! *ut in but to t'e in0ustr! t'att'e! 0evote.

- !ou are a *a3iao wor3er, !ou are not a tie wor3er.'e basis o- !our *a! is not tie. 'e basis o- !our *a! is

out*ut. - it is *iecerate, its uni-or out*ut. 'at is w'! it is auni-or rate *er *iece because *are*are'o an na.

hat happens if )ou are pai0 piece rate an0 )ou are

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Dnsa an na/ 'at is in0e*en0ent contractin&. a na!abor ana. 'at is area0! in0e*en0ent contractin&. ncet'ere are retentions, aterias, an0 Labor +o0e abor ra anna. $u0an na &ani u& ain, 0i na na Labor +o0e butin0e*en0ent contractin&.

$o, !ou 'ave to be cear about w'at t'e e&a! si&ni@cant-acts are.

- it is not uni-or, t'en it is not *iece rate. t is tas3

basis.

For instance, !ou are tra0er an0 !ou 0rive a ri& (2" -tvan). 8n& a&&u!o0 ana 3a! *rie over. 8ctua!, *rieover a**ies to ;o0 on!

Now, -ro =avao to an! *oint in #in0anao, 0river 3a an0*ai0 on a *er tri* basis. Dnsa an 3a/ iece rate or tas3basis/ 'e troube is t'e tri* is not stan0ar0. Naa an nasia! tari*a sa tri* nia: =avao to i&an, ao ni an& tari*a.=avao to ;en $an, ao ni an& tari*a. 'e! are *ai0 b!resuts. 'at is not *iece rate.

Dn!a ta&aan 3a u& *robe nabut'an si!a u& tire,3abuan& si!a *an&ita e3ani3o, natuo& sa iao sa truc3. s'e entite0 to overtie/ 7ow can 'e be entite0 to overtiew'en 'e is area0! ee*te0 un0er 8rtice M2/ 7e cannot be*ai0 overtie. 7e is not *ai0 on an 'our! basis. 7e is not atie wor3er. 7e is a *a!ent b! resuts wor3er. 7e is a*a3iao wor3er, base0 on t'e resuts.

'at is ver! cear 'a because t'ere are no ateriasinvove0 in 0rivin&. t is 4ust strict! ore on t'e *art o- t'e0river.M. Retail an0 #ervice Esta5lishDent /ith not Dorethan : eDplo)ees as t'e! are ee*te0 to ni&'t s'i-t0iEerentia

'at is -ro t'e rues i*eentin& t'e Labor +o0e, Aoo3, Rue 2, $ection 1.

'is *articuar ee*tion is aie0 at sarisari stores,w'ic' o*ens ver! ear! in t'e ornin& un!a &abii na sia&asara.

Aut t'e! ust not be ore t'an ? e*o!ees.8 retail esta5lishDent is one t'at ses &oo0s or

coo0ities not -or t'e *ur*ose o- resae but -or *ur*oses o-

use an0or consu*tion. 'at is a retai.8 service esta5lishDentis one t'at 0is*enses services

-or t'e satis-action o- a *articuar nee0 o- t'e custoer.'en !ou oEer -or service, it is -or t'e satis-action o- a

custoer.

$oetie a&o, t'e &reat $enator Jose . =io3no wasa0e t'e eainer o- +ivi Law. ne o- t'e uestions 'eas3e0 in +ivi Law is t'is: 'ere is a custoer o- a restaurant.7e or0ere0 o!ster sou*. 'e o!ster sou* was serve0 on 'istabe steain& 'ot. 7e oo3e0 at t'e o!ster sou* an0 itoo3e0 invitin&. 7e strai&'t awa! 0rove into t'e o!ster sou*.

'ere was a &ier at t'e botto o- t'e bow. 7e scoo* itu* an0 saw t'at it was a *ear. 8s 'e was about to *ic3 t'e*ear wit' 'is t'ub an0 -ore@n&er, t'e 'ea0 waiter ta**e0'i on 'is s'ou0er. 7e sai0 t'at beon&s to us. 'at is not

!ours.;iba!ran na3o ni. 83o ni. =ii na io, sa restaurant na.$o, na&ais sia. 'e uestion: w'o 'as t'e better ri&'t to t'e*ear/

'en =io3no was as3e0 w'at is t'e answer, =io3no sai0it a 0e*en0s w'et'er t'e restaurant is aso a ta3eoutrestaurant. - it is a ta3eout restaurant, it is not on! aservice estabis'ent since it caters to !our nutritiona nee0not to ention t'e nee0 o- !our *aette -or &oo0 tastin& -oo0to !our satis-action. - !ou can bu! or0ers an0 'ave it*ac3a&e0 an0 brou&'t out, Tes' an0 bones o- t'e -rie0c'ic3en to&et'er, t'at eans t'at it is a retai estabis'entaso, not 4ust a service estabis'ent.

$o, i- it is aso a retai estabis'ent, t'en !ou 'ave ari&'t to t'e une0ibe t'in& suc' as t'e *ear. 'at is t'ereasonin& o- =io3no.

8 beaut! *aror is a service estabis'ent. #usobra na&ani sa ? 3abuo3 an& a&*tui0 sa 3uot, a&*uto sa tass,sobra &ani na ?, not covere0.

8 ba3er! is a retai estabis'ent. 8 barber s'o* is aservice estabis'ent. 'at 'a**ens i- t'ere are ore t'an ?barbers t'ere/ (waa! answer .. 'e'e .. )

'ose are t'e *robeatic associate0 wit' t'is *articuarsection

9. ealth personnel of cities of at least 1" population oresta5lishDents that are /ei> 5e0capacit)

ven i- t'e *o*uation is ess t'an 1#, i- t'e 'os*ita !ou arewor3in& -or 'as 1"" be0 ca*acit!, accor0in& to its icense, t'en,!ou are covere0.

'at is t'e *articuar 0iEerence o- 'eat' *ersonne t'at arecovere0/ 8s to t'e wor3 wee3. 8 wor3 wee3 is at east 6consecutive wor3in& 0a! -or t'e or0inar! in0ustria, a&ricutura or

coercia wor3er. Aut -or 'eat' *ersonne in cities o- 1# or o-at east 1"" be0 ca*acit! 'os*itas or 'eat' institutions, t'en,t'ere wor3 wee3 is on! ? 0a!s.

+an t'e! be a0e to wor3 -ro 6 0a!s/ B$, but t'eir rate o-*a! on t'e 6t'0a! is 15"U. 'ere is a *reiu on t'eir wor3 ont'e 6t'0a!.

'e wor0in& o- t'e aw is suc' t'at even t'e &ar0ener o- a'os*ita wit' 1"" be0 or a 'os*ita in a 1# *o*uation cit! iscovere0 b! 'eat' *ersonne because in t'e enueration, it isHot'er e*o!eesI.

1". isherDen cre/e are ta3in& 'ere o- $ection %?, = "% 'e Fis'eries 8ct

o- 19?. 'is &rou* o- wor3ers are ee*te0 -ro t'e overtie*a! o- M 'our Labor aw.

$o i- !ou are out at sea, 0ee*sea @s'in&, an0 !ou are a0eto wor3 ore t'an M 'ours o- !our wor3in& 0a!, !ou wi be *ai0-or t'e ecess 'ours. Aut !ou wi not be *ai0 overtie rate. Bouwi be *ai0 strai&'t tie *a!. 'at is t'e rue wit' res*ect to@s'eren crew.

'at is because o- t'e s*eci@c *rovision o- $ection %?, ="%, w'ic' as -ar as 3now 'as not been re*eae0.

e are t'rou&' wit' t'e ecu0e0 an0 ee*te0 e*o!ees.

($abi sa start sa ecture 11 &rou* o- wor3ers, 1" an& an ..3asaa na i!on& 'in0i ni!a naention na ebers o- t'e -ai!o- t'e R w'o are 0e*en0ent on 'i -or su**ort )

Bou are &iven a *robe. 'e @rst t'in& t'at !ou 'ave to0eterine is: s t'is Labor +o0e or not/ 'at is t'e uestion t'at!ou ust assess. 8!aw tu3o0 0a!on< 8!aw *a&'una'una nan&ano an an&utana i- abor, abor ea an ni. 'at is not

4ust a Labor ea, t'at is t'e bar ea. Bou are teste0 as tow'et'er !our entire 3nowe0&e o- aw is a0euate. $o, !ou 'aveto as3 i- t'is is a abor *robe or not. 'is i&'t be anin0e*en0ent contractin& *robe. $o, !ou 'ave to eaine t'eeeents.

nce !ou 'ave 0eci0e0 t'at t'is is a abor case, t'en, t'enet uestion is: 0oes t'is -oow un0er t'e ece*tions becauset'is is uestion o- abor stan0ar0s. 'en !ou are 0iscussin& about'ours o- wor3, rates o- *a!, vacation eave, 15t'ont' *a! t'oseare a abor stan0ar0s.

Dn!a an&ita 3a u& 'ain an& union 0in'i/ a an.Dnsa an ni/ a3iao wor3ers/ =oestic/ Naa 3a! c'ec3oE

ist ba. D& io na 4u0 ni &itunan, bai3 bai3 na nio, usa ra 3atanaw, ba&tin& 0a!on 3a .. ao ni. Aai3a 0a!on u& tanaw. 'e'orizon wor3s< - !ou 'ave suKcient -aiiarit!, t'en, !ou wi3now w'at to 0o.

- !ou 0eci0e0 t'at it is not ecu0e0, t'ats w'en !ou &o tot'e erits o- t'e case, a-ter !ou 'ave ceare0 t'ese two*reiinar! uestions.

8n0 t'en, !ou 'ave to watc' out -or socae0 Hre0'errin&sIbecause t'at is t'e stan0ar0 wa! abor eainers -oo t'eireainees b! *uttin& -ase an0ar3s.

$o an0 so a *robationar! wor3er -aie0 to re*ort to wor3 on 'is@rst 0a! an0 t'en, 'e wor3e0 on t'e secon0 0a!. 8n0 'e wasa0e to wor3 12 'ours to co*ensate -or 'is absence. s 'eentite0 to overtie since 'e is a *robationar! wor3er/

robationar! 'as soet'in& to 0o wit' tenure, not'in& to 0owit' abor stan0ar0s. #a0a3*an &ani 3a ana an0 ao na an&a3a'asse nio, wa na, taob 3a.

'et'er 'e is *robationar! or re&uar, t'e issue is is 'e a tiewor3er/ - 'e is a tie wor3er, 'e is entite0 to overtie. - 'e isnot a tie wor3er, 'e is not entite0 to overtie. 'at is t'e w'oe*oint.

'ose are cae0 re0'errin&s eant to 0istract !ou.

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(1)Labor - June 19, 26, July 9, 10

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Transcript of (1)Labor - June 19, 26, July 9, 10