1. Base your answer to the following question on the time-exposure photograph shown below. Thephotograph was taken by aiming a camera at a portion of the night sky above a New York Statelocation and leaving the camera's shutter open for a period of time to record star trails.

A) the Sun B) the Moon C) Sirius D) Polaris

Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails?

A) 43° B) 47° C) 76° D) 90º

2. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris atSyracuse, New York?

A) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow east.B) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow west.C) The Sapphire River flows east and the Garnet River flows west.D) The Sapphire River flows west and the Garnet River flows east.

3. The topographic map below shows a lake and two rivers.

In which direction does each of the rivers flow?

4. Base your answer to the following question on thetopographic map below. Points A, B, C, D, E, F, X, and Y are locations on the map. Elevation is measuredin feet.

A) 20 ft/mi B) 40 ft/miC) 80 ft/mi D) 200 ft/mi

The gradient between points A and B is closest to

5. Base your answer to the following question on thelatitude and longitude system shown below. The maprepresents a part of the Earth's surface and itslatitude-longitude coordinates. Points A through F represent locations in this area.

A) latitudeB) timeC) duration of solar dayD) altitude of the Sun at solar noon

Points B and E would not have the same value formeasurements of

A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm3

B) liquid, with an average density ofapproximately 11 g/cm3

C) solid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm3

D) solid, with an average density of approximately 11 g/cm3

6. Earth’s outer core is best inferred to be

A) crust B) stiffer mantleC) inner core D) outer core

7. In the Earth's interior, which zone has a temperaturehigher than its melting point?

A) thinner and more denseB) thinner and less denseC) thicker and more denseD) thicker and less dense

8. Compared to Earth’s continental crust, Earth’soceanic crust is

A) The crust is thinner and less dense than themantle.

B) The crust is thinner and more dense than themantle.

C) The crust is thicker and less dense than themantle.

D) The crust is thicker and more dense than themantle.

9. Which statement most accurately compares Earth’scrust and Earth’s mantle?

A) silicon and iron B) silicon and oxygenC) iron and lead D) iron and nickel

10. The interior of Earth between a depth of 5200kilometers and 6300 kilometers is inferred to becomposed mostly of

A) 1.5 million atmospheres pressure and aninterior temperature of 4950°C

B) 1.5 million atmospheres pressure and aninterior temperature of 6200°C

C) 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and aninterior temperature of 4950°C

D) 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and aninterior temperature of 6200°C

11. What are the inferred pressure and temperature at theboundary of Earth's stiffer mantle and outer core?

A) warms the lower troposphereB) melts glacial ice at lower altitudesC) moves the lithospheric platesD) pollutes deep groundwater with radioactivity

12. Earth's internal heat is the primary source of energythat

A) convergence of the Pacific and PhilippinePlates

B) divergence of the Eurasian and PhilippinePlates

C) sliding of the Pacific Plate past the NorthAmerican Plate

D) movement of the Pacific Plate over the HawaiiHot Spot

13. The Mariana Trench was most likely created by the

A) edges of tectonic platesB) eastern coastline of continentsC) 23.5° N and 23.5° S parallels of latitudeD) equatorial ocean floor

14. Active volcanoes are most abundant along the

15. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the risk of damage fromseismic activity in the United States.

A) divergent plate boundary, onlyB) convergent plate boundary, onlyC) mid-ocean ridge and a divergent plate boundaryD) transform plate boundary and a hot spot

In the United States, most of the major damage expected from a future earthquake is predicted tooccur near a

A) east coast of North AmericaB) east coast of AustraliaC) west coast of AfricaD) west coast of South America

16. Which coastal area is most likely to experience asevere earthquake?

A) Mid-Atlantic RidgeB) Mid-Indian RidgeC) South-East Indian RidgeD) East Pacific Ridge

17. The country of Iceland would be closest to the

A) convergent B) transformC) divergent D) complex

18. What type of plate boundary exists between theAfrican Plate and the Antartic Plate?

A) South American B) AntarcticC) Nazca D) Pacific

19. On which plate is the Hawaii Hot Spot located?

A) moving along a transform boundaryB) moving over a mantle hot spotC) divergingD) converging

20. At the Aleutian Trench and the Peru-Chile Trench,tectonic plates are generally

21. Base your answer to the following question on themap below. The map represents the movement oftectonic plates that resulted in the collision of Indiawith Asia. Scientists believe that 71 million yearsago, India was at position A.

A) a rift valley B) a mountain rangeC) an oceanic ridge D) an oceanic trench

Which present-day geologic feature in Nepal resultedfrom this collision?

A) The boundary of the Pacific plate has very fewfaults.

B) The Pacific plate has stopped moving.C) The west coast of North America is composed

of the oldest rocks on the continent.D) The west coast of North America is a zone of

frequent crustal movement.

22. The map below shows continental and oceaniccrustal plates along the west coast of North America.

Which conclusion is best supported by the map?

A) Rising magma moves due to densitydifferences

B) They are located along crustal plate boundariesC) Local earthquakes originate at great depthsD) Neither is associated with plate motions

23. What do mid-ocean ridges and hot spots beneathocean plates have in common?

24. Base your answer to the following question on themap below, which shows crustal plate boundarieslocated along the Pacific coastline of the UnitedStates. The arrows show the general directions inwhich some of the plates appear to be movingslowly.

A) San Andreas faultB) East Pacific riseC) Baja CaliforniaD) Juan de Fuca Ridge

Which feature is located at 20º North latitude and109º West longitude?

A) Peru-Chile TrenchB) Mid-Atlantic RidgeC) Adirondack MountainsD) San Andreas Fault

25. Which geologic feature is composed of the youngestcrustal bedrock?

A) away from the Philippine PlateB) away from the Fiji PlateC) toward the Pacific PlateD) toward the Antarctic Plate

26. The Indian-Australian tectonic plate is moving

A) continents moved due to changes in the Earth'sorbital velocity

B) continents moved due to the Coriolis effectcaused by the Earth's rotation

C) present-day continents of South America andAfrica are moving toward each other

D) present-day continents of South Americaand Africa once fit together like puzzle parts

27. The theory of continental drift suggests that the

A) Rocks of the ocean ridges are older than thoseof the adjacent sea floor.

B) Rock and fossil correlation can be madewhere the continents appear to fit together.

C) Marine fossils can be found at high elevationsabove sea level on all continents.

D) Great thicknesses of shallow-water sedimentsare found at interior locations on somecontinents.

28. Which statement best supports the theory that all thecontinents were once a single landmass?

A) Mid-Atlantic RidgeB) Yellowstone Hot SpotC) San Andreas FaultD) Peru-Chile Trench

29. Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversedmagnetic polarity are found in the basaltic bedrockon either side of the

30. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundarybetween two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth belowEarth's surface is labeled in kilometers.

A) 100°C B) 1300°C C) 4200°C D) 5000°C

The temperature of the asthenosphere at the depth where melting first occurs is inferred to beapproximately

A) outer core B) inner coreC) rigid mantle D) stiffer mantle

31. In which layer of Earth’s interior is the pressureinferred to be 1.0 million atmospheres?

A) 1,000 K B) 2,800 KC) 5,000 K D) 6,800 K

32. The temperature at the center of the Earth isestimated to be

A) As depth increases, density, temperature, andpressure decrease.

B) As depth increases, density and temperatureincrease, but pressure decreases.

C) As depth increases, density increases, buttemperature and pressure decrease.

D) As depth increases, density, temperature,and pressure increase.

33. What is the relationship between density,temperature, and pressure inside the Earth?

Answer KeyDynamic Crust Fall 2016

1. D2. A3. A4. B5. B6. B7. D8. A9. A10. D11. A12. C13. A14. A15. D16. D17. A18. B19. D20. D21. B22. D23. A24. B25. B26. C27. D28. B29. A30. B31. D32. D33. D