1. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structureof the mineral kaolinite.

A) age of formation B) infiltration rateC) physical properties D) temperature of formation

An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral’s

2. The diagram below represents a basic atomic structurethat forms when oxygen and silicon unite.

A) tetrahedron B) cubeC) sphere D) cylinder

This structure is called a

3. Which diagram best represents the silicon-oxygentetrahedron of which talc, feldspar, and quartz arecomposed?

A) B)

C) D)

4. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below which shows the elements found in fourminerals.

A) quartz B) olivineC) feldspar D) diamond

Which of the four minerals shown is not a silicatemineral?

A) Calcite B) PyroxeneC) Potassium Feldspar D) Garnet

5. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?

A) siltstone B) conglomerateC) gypsum D) shale

6. Which sedimentary rock most likely formed as anevaporite?

7. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows the structure of astudent-developed chart for identifying some rock samples. The circles labeled choice 1 through choice 4represent decision-making steps leading either to path (a) or path (b). Choice 5 has not been completed.

A) mineral composition B) crystal sizeC) the temperature at which rocks form D) the appearance of the rock grains

Before the student can select either path (a) or path (b) at choice 1, the student must make a decision about

8. Base your answer to the following question on the rocksample shown below.

A) granite, an igneous rockB) conglomerate, a sedimentary rockC) siltstone, a sedimentary rockD) Weiss, a metamorphic rock

The rounded pebbles of this rock have been cementedtogether to form

9. Base your answer to the following question on the maps below, which show changes in the distribution ofland and water in the Mediterranean Sea region that scientists believe took place over a period of 6 millionyears.

A) rock salt B) basaltC) sandstone D) metaconglomerate

Which type of rock was precipitated from seawater as the Mediterranean Sea evaporated between millionyears ago and 5.5 million years ago?

A) metamorphism of unmelted materialB) slow solidification of molten materialC) sudden upwelling of lava at a mid-ocean ridgeD) precipitation of minerals from evaporating

water

10. Which process could lead most directly to the formationof a sedimentary rock?

A) melting and solidificationB) evaporation and precipitationC) erosion and depositionD) weathering and metamorphism

11. Limestone, gypsum, and salt are rocks formed by theprocesses of

12. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas on themap represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formed from theevaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalized structure ofthe area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.

A) chemical processes B) cooling of lavaC) decreased heat and pressure D) melting of magma

Each of these evaporite rocks is normally formed by

13. The fossil below was found in surface bedrock in theeastern United States.

A) The rock was formed by the metamorphism ofsedimentary rock deposited in a terrestrialenvironment during the Cretaceous Period.

B) The rock was formed by the compaction andcementation of sediments deposited in a terrestrialenvironment during the Triassic Period.

C) The rock was formed by the compaction andcementation of sediments deposited in a marineenvironment during the Cambrian Period.

D) The rock was formed from the solidification ofmagma in a marine environment during theTriassic Period.

Which statement best describes the formation of therock containing this fossil?

A) clay B) siltC) sand D) pebbles

14. Most of the sediment that is compacted and later formsshale bedrock is

15. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of aspecific rock.

A) limestone B) gneiss C) schist D) coal

Which rock is formed as a result of these three stages?

A) A and B B) B and CC) C and D D) D and E

16. The geologic cross section below shows several rockunits of Earth's crust. Some rock units are labeled A through E.

Which two rock units formed from sediments depositedin horizontal layers?

A) breccia B) scoriaC) granite D) quartzite

17. Which rock is made up of angular fragments of rockheld together by a natural cement?

18. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows four magnified block-shapedsandstone samples labeled A, B, C, and D. Each sandstone sample contains quartz grains of differentshapes and sizes. The quartz grains are held together by hematite cement.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

In which sample did the quartz grains undergo the most abrasion during erosional transport?

A) clay B) silt C) sand D) gravel

19. Which material would most easily be carried insuspension by a slow-moving stream?

20. The diagram below represents a geologic cross sectionof a location in Texas where an oil well has been drilledinto the bedrock.

A) has a grain size ranging from fine to coarse (0.006to 0.2 cm)

B) is composed mainly of grains of quartzC) contains air spaces, making it porous and

permeableD) metamorphoses to quartzite

Oil, water, and natural gas can collect and stay in thesandstone layer because sandstone often

A) sandstone B) dolostoneC) gabbro D) granite

21. A rock that forms directly from land-derived sedimentsis

A) 0.2 cm B) 0.02 cmC) 0.002 cm D) 0.0002 cm

22. Particles of which size could have formed shale?

A) shale B) siltstoneC) sandstone D) limestone

23. Which land-derived sedimentary rock could haveformed by the compaction and cementation of particlessmaller than 0.0003 centimeter in diameter?

24. Base your answer to the following question on diagrambelow, which shows the inferred internal structure ofthe four terrestrial planets, drawn to scale.

How are the crusts of Mars, Mercury, Venus, and Earthsimilar in composition?

25. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.

Howe Caverns

Many scientists believe that the formation of the rocks in which Howe Caverns is nowfound began millions of years ago. At that time, an ocean covered the eastern region of NewYork State. Hundreds of feet of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sediments were deposited inlayers along the edge of this ocean. These layers eventually formed the sedimentary rocklimestone, which makes up the walls of today’s Howe Caverns. Much later, tectonic forces raised this region of New York State above sea level exposingthe rock to weathering and erosion. These tectonic forces cracked the thick limestone,creating pathways for groundwater to infiltrate and gradually increase the size of the cracks.Eventually some of the larger cracks provided pathways for the underground stream, whichcarved the winding passages of Howe Caverns seen today.

Identify one method that could be used to determine that the walls of Howe Caverns are made of limestone.

26. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and information below.

The diagram shows a cross section of a portion of Earth's crust that has undergone geological processes.Overturning of rock layers has not occurred. Point A represents one location of metamorphic rock.

State the name of the inorganic sedimentary rock shown in the cross section that is composed of sedimentwith the greatest range in particle size.

Answer KeyRocks I - Sedimentary

1. C2. A3. D4. D5. A6. C7. D8. B9. A10. D11. B12. A13. C14. A15. D16. A17. A18. B19. A20. C21. A22. D23. A24. Examples: – The

crusts have a silicatecomposition. – Thecrusts contain theelements oxygen andsilicon.

25. – Acid test –Limestone bubbleswhen acid is placedon it.

26. conglomerate