1. A cylinder of copper (8.92 g/cm3) is found to have a mass of 1681 grams.a. The cylinder is 15.0 cm tall. Calculate the radius. (2.0cm)b. A rectangular piece of copper has a mass of 0.330 kg. The

dimensions are 1.00 cm and a width of 4.000 cm by 9.000 cm. Calculate the experimental density.(9.17g/cm3)

c. Calculate the percent error. (2.8%)

2. 1220 J of heat is added to 50.0 grams of water at 25.0oC. a. Calculate the change in temperature of the water. (5.8oC)b. Calculate the final temperature of the water. (30.8oC)c. Convert the heat to kilojoules. (1.22 kJ)d. Convert the heat to calories. (292 cal)

1. What type of element is:

Ba Br Th S

Rb Ti Kr Ce

2. What year did Mendeleev publish his periodic table?

3. How is the modern table different than Mendeleev’s?

4. Why do metals conduct and non-metals do not?

Periodic Table

Law of octaves – properties repeat every 7 elements

John Newlands (1863)

Periodic TableJohn Newlands (1863)

Periodic TableJohn Newlands (1863)

Periodic Table

• Dmitri Mendeleev – 1869

• Father of the Periodic Table

Mendeleev (1869)

Periodic TableMendeleev (1869)

Periodic Table

• Major Success - Left spaces where there should be an element

Mendeleev (1869)

Al Si P

Ga As

In Sn Sb

Periodic Table

Eka-Silicon - “below silicon”

Eka-Silicon(1871)

~72 g/mol

Density ~5.5 g/mL

Dark Gray Metal

EsO2 (4.7 g/mL)

Mendeleev (1869)

Periodic Table

Eka-Silicon(1871) Germanium(1886)

~72 g/mol 72.6 g/mol

Density ~5.5 g/mL5.36 g/mL

Dark Gray Metal Dark Gray Metal

EsO2 (4.7 g/mL) GeO2 (4.7 g/mL)

(Scandium and Gallium predicted also)

Mendeleev (1869)

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Modern Table -Different than Mendeleev’s

– Problem with Mendeleev’s table - Arranged his table by atomic mass

– Modern table arranged by atomic number (Moseley)

Mendeleev (1869)

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Propertiesa. Solids b. Ductilec. Malleabled. Conduct Electricity and heate. Large - Tend to lose electrons

Metals

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Propertiesa. Gases or solids

b. Brittle

c. Don’t conduct Electricity & heat well

d. Essential for Life

CHONSP

e. Small - Tend to gain electrons

Non-Metals

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Properties

a. Have properties of both metals and non-metals

b. Semi-Conductors - Conduct electricity only if a larger current is applied

c. Used in computer chips, cell phones, etc…

d. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Metalloids

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Period – AcrossGroup – Down

Group Names

Periodic TableGroup Names

Periodic Table

• Standard Temperature = 25oC

• Solids – Most Elements

Liquids – Hg and Br2

Gases – H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2

& Noble Gases

States

IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

HydrideH-

LithiumLi+

BerylliumBe2+

CarbideC4-

NitrideN3-

OxideO2-

FluorideF-

SodiumNa+

MagnesiumMg2+

AluminumAl3+

PhosphideP3-

SulfideS2-

ChlorideCl-

PotassiumK+

CalciumCa2+

SelenideSe2-

BromideBr-

RubidiumRb+

StrontiumSr2+

TellurideTe2-

IodideI-

CesiumCs+

BariumBa2+

Periodic Table

Cl SO42- OH- PO4

3-

Cu2+

Na

Fe3+

Ba

Periodic Table

H He

             

    Al    

                             

           

                                   

Periodic Table

I. Binary CompoundsA. Used for Gr 1 and Gr 2 metals (and

Aluminum)B. Metal has only one standard chargeC. Rules

• Write Metal First• Non-metal becomes “ide”

No Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

D. Examples

NaCl

BaO

Al2O3

magnesium bromide

aluminum sulfide

potassium oxide

No Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

II. Compounds with Polyatomics

A. Polyatomic Ion - An Ion with more than one atom (Consider the overall charge)

B. ExamplesHydroxide Sulfate

Nitrate Acetate

No Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

C. Examplessodium hydroxide

sodium carbonate

aluminum sulfate

NaNO3

Ca(OH)2

(NH4)3PO4

No Roman # Ionics

D. Mixed Examples

magnesium sulfide

magnesium sulfite

magnesium sulfate

lithium phosphide

lithium phosphate

Ba(ClO3)2

BaCl2

Periodic Table

1. An example

Fe(II)and oxygen

Fe(III) and oxygen

How do we distinguish?

2. Metals which have multiple oxidation states

Transition and post-transition metals

Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

3. The Roman Numeral tells you the charge, NOT how many atoms you have.

copper(II)nitride

copper(III)nitride

Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

4. Examplesiron (III)bromide

tin(II) nitrate

cobalt(III)oxide

CoCl2

MnO2

Ru2(SO4)3

VO3

Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

5. Mixed Examplescalcium bromidechromium (III)nitratealuminum sulfateiron(III)carbonate

Li2S

CoCl2

Ti3N2

Mg(NO2)2

Roman # Ionics

Periodic Table

1. PrefixesMono HexaDi HeptaTri OctaTetra NonaPenta Deca

May skip “mono” for first element

Molecular Naming

Periodic Table

2. Examples

P4O10

SiO2

CO

diphosphorus tetroxide

carbon tetrachloride

Molecular Naming

dinitrogen tetroxide

dichlorine decoxide

carbon disulfide

sulfur hexafluoride

SeF4

Cl2O7

KrF4

CH4

Periodic Table

calcium chloride

silicon dioxide

copper(II)carbonate

magnesium phosphate

dicarbon octahydride

chromium(III)oxide

dihydrogen monsulfide

Rev. of All Naming

Periodic TableOxidation Numbers

1. Involves taking compounds apart

2. Oxidation numbers – Pretend charges for all compounds (as if they exist as a monoatomic ion)

3. Rules

Periodic TableElements = 0

Monoatomic Ions = Charge

Use “bankables” to calculate the rest

Gr I Gr II

O-2 H+ F-

Fe H2 P4 Cl2

Na+ O2- Al3+

H2S Cl2O Na2SO4

PO43- NO3

-

CaCr2O7 SnBr4

“the higher the oxidation #, the more oxidized the element”

Calculate the oxidation numbers for:

HClO SO32-

S8 HSO4-

Mn2O3 NO2-

KMnO4 SO42-

Cr3+ Fe2(SO4)3

More Oxidation Number Examples:

NaClO

Fe2S3

KIO4

H2PO4-

C2H3O2-

CS2

N2O

NaI

K2CO3

HgI2

FeF2

PCl5

NO3

Ba(OH)2

Periodic Table

1. V2O5

2. XeCl4

3. Ca(NO3)2

4. Barium nitride

5. Iron(III)carbonate

10. Ne, Cl2, N2

11.a) N2 d) F2 e) H2 h)Hg2

12. Ru, Sn, Hf, W

13.Te and B

14.A) Ar b) Hg c) N2 d) Be e) Bi

15.a) Br2 b) Ar c) I2 d)H2 or C

18.Lithium fluoride barium telluride

strontium nitride barium hydride

aluminum chloride

19. calcium iodide magnesium phosphide

francium fluoride radium sulfide

beryllium selenide

20. Rb2Se SrH2 RaO Al3C4 BeF2

21.KH Cs2S K3P BaTe

23. chromium (III) iodide titanium(IV) chloride

iridium(VIII) oxide manganese(II) hydride

nickel(II) chloride

23. chromium (III) iodide titanium(IV) chloride

iridium(VIII) oxide manganese(II) hydride

nickel(II) chloride

25. YH3 BiF5

PbCl4 PdSe

25. YH3 BiF5

PbCl4 PdSe

33.sodium oxalate calcium chromate

iron(III) carbonate copper(II) hydroxide

34. Mg(MnO4)2 Co(CN)2 Sr(OH)2

Th2SO3 Fe2(C2O4)3 (NH4)2Cr2O7

Hg2(C2H3O2)2

35.Zr3(PO4)4 NaCN TlNO2

Ni(OH)2 Ra(HSO4)2 Be3(PO4)2

Cr(ClO)3

MgO Al2S3

SiO2 Fe2(SO4)3

NaNO3 Li3PO4

Na3N Cu(C2H3O2)2

Al2(SO4)3 Cu2O

chromium(III)carbonate aluminum fluoride

copper(II)nitrate potassium permanganate

copper(II)nitrite chlorine dioxide

dinitrogen pentoxide potassium chromate

nickel(II) bicarbonate ammonium carbonate

tin(II) bromide carbon tetrafluoride

Ionic (No Roman #)

Sodium fluoride (NaF)

Lithium phosphate (Li3PO4)

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

Aluminum sulfide (Al2S3)

Barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2)

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Barium nitride (Ba3N2)

Potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4)

Potassium permangante (KMnO4)

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Ionic (Roman # needed)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3)

Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2)

Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)

Zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2)

Iron(II) oxide (FeO)

Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2)

Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2)

Copper(II) fluoride (CuF2)

Molecular (Prefixes)

Nitrogen trihydride (NH3)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)

Dioxygen difluoride (O2F2)

Nitrogen monoxide (NO)

Dicarbon tetrahydride (C2H4)

Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4)

1) a) Pb(+2) b) P(+5) c) C(-1) d) N(+2)

e) H(-1) f) B(+3) g) Se(-2) h) Bi(+3)

2) a) Cl(+4) b) Xe(+2) c) C(+2) d) O(+1)

e) Mn(+3) f) Bi(+5)

6) a) +5 b) +3 c) +7 d) +6 e) +6

f) +5 g) +7

7) a) +6 b) +3 c) +6 d) +5 e &f) +6

8.a) +4 b) +7 c) +4 d) +3 e) -3

• Non-metals can be + or –

• Metals can only be +

• Transition metals often are +2, +3

• Increase by one as you go across horizontal

• +7 usually the highest

• Often decrease by 2 for an element