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»J, BaileyApril 19&1

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~^* Edward A. FeigenbaumThe BAUD Corporation Paper, P-181?

October 1959Sumary and Contents

Xll this paper Feigenbaum presex&s a theory of setae ele&eatary foruss of human symboliclearning-"neaoriEat ion, discrimination, association,; acd attention direction (or,wore generally, learning to learn). These involve some of the basic functions ¥hichthe brain performs which are the hard core of all stents.! activity; e«g», discrimin-ation aisong'objects, generation of responses to stii&ili, ami the recalling ofinformation previously learned. The theory is concerned ttith aental activity atthe level of teleprocessing of inforimtion symbols and is framed in terms of thefunctioning of the huaoa asind as an information processing device*

The primary motivation for the study was a desire to understand aore about theinformation processing involved in kuaan learndbsg: acquisition of inforiiation,organization of such information in a memory, association of information symbols,and production of responses to stimuli. A forking hypothesis of limitedinf©raLation«-processing capacity was adopted.

A second purpose concerns the problem of constructing an intelligent machine as aset of programs for a digital computer. As yet, littlework has been done in thisarea on a theory of the acquisition of netr information symbols frcsa an. envircmstent,the building of discriminations among st&suli, and the storage of infcrisation symbolsby association. It is proposed that the study and simulation of the eleaentaryinformation processes of the huraan rdind may be a fruitful way to attack thisproblem, inasmuch as the huisan mind seems to be an effective device for acquiringand storing Itncsrledge about environments. In particular, the model ishioh isforirulated is an attempt to examine the behavior of a completely associationalelementary selection system. Its 2tey property is that it provides for selectionof symbols from tatemory on the basis of the properties of information stimulatingthe selection. This is the antithesis of selection ty reference to the addressof a cell, i.e., the integer assigned to the cell, of present day computermethodology* A completely non-direct addressing scheme of the Kind proposedprovides far greater flexibility of storage and retrieval of iEfor&atioa, removesthe need for exceedingly detailed pre-planning of acuiory allocation, and is aoreefficient for the processing of large amounts of information*

The theory is also related to the area of human decision isa&ing inasmuch as thez&cde! that is developed is © simple decisionmaking system. It is suggested thatit stay have some potential as a model of sicjple human decision isalsing.

Finally, Feigenbaum tfas interested in experimenting with computer simulation as aKethodology for es&loring and understanding elementary human cognition, as contrastedwith "simple hmmn forecasting" and with "high level human problem solving".

In order to accomodate these nultipl© aims, Feigenbaum cdopted the following foraat:

1, Presentation of the general structures and processes of the information, processinglaodel abstracted from the human learning setting. In this nor© genera! form,the "Elementary Adaptive Selection Processes" constitute a general purposepiece of machinery presumed to be of interest to computer scientists, automatatheorists a;od decision theorists.

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J. BaileyApril Xs&l

2. Application of this general frsswcrk to an intomation processing theoryof hman Tergal leesmiug *rith specific reference to esperi&ent&l rotelearning tas&s.

3o The precise stcfceaent of the theory ia a sot of computer prcgraas vbich ©retli© counterparts of the postulates " Tiie program sre written ia IFUV(Xnfomation Processing Language) " fhe set of program coostitute theBI&!i model (Elesientsxy Perceiver &n& feaorisser).

&. Hand simulations of the program &n& a comparison of the results with theresults of laboratory experiments witn human beings ia the same tasks.In trie*? of the rather coaplea interrelations "between Beats 1, 2 aM 3* 1 htsveatteiapfee& to outline the parallel terelopnisat of the tare© systeas on thefollowing pages*

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FI APPLIED TO IKABV HEW ITEM XIHMD U2 (Discrimination Learning)

Before Fl(X)j

Discrimination Wet, U2UB.

Tl: a * 0?T2; b s 0?o*s: c s 0?

(a) (b) (c) (a) M2. 0 1 0 1Code for Hew Item X?

Image, 12:0 1

10X10Noticing Order! a, b, c, c, d

During Fl(X) :

Confusion at terminal of 3iaage 12.One difference extracted (number of differences extracted is*c = 1(Ho differences found at a, b, c)Test Created: T8: c = IT

controlled) :parameter

After Fl(X):

U2 remains unchanged except for:

Figure 2-3 Highly Simplified Schematic Representation of Action of Fl, DiscriminationLearning ProcessTaken from Feigenbama,_An Informtion Processing Theory of Verbal Learning

Band Report P-loTf, October 1959 """"J. BuileyApril i960

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