18-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young...

18-1© 2011 Pearson Education,

Inc.All rights reserved.

Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador

Chapter Eighteen

Child Abuse and Neglect




Child Maltreatment

Encompasses all aspects of harmful or injurious behaviors toward children.

– Child abuse involves harmful acts.– Child neglect refers to failure to protect a child

from harm.




Types of Child Maltreatment

Physical abuse

Neglect

Sexual abuse and exploitation

Emotional abuse




Physical Abuse

Battered child syndrome – pattern of abuse over time

Shaken baby syndrome – injuries from violent shaking

Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy – adult induces symptoms to make a child ill




Neglect

Physical neglect – deprivation of basic necessities Medical neglect – failure to provide medical or health

care Educational neglect – failure to provide for

educational needs Emotional neglect – not interacting appropriately or

responsively




Sexual Abuse and Exploitation

Forced sexual contact Fondling Molesting Assaulting Indecent exposure to sexual acts or materials Coercion to participate in prostitution or pornography




Emotional Abuse

Verbal abuse Threatening Ridiculing Making demands beyond developmental level Terrorizing Isolating Rejecting Selling child for sexual purposes Deserting or abandoning child




What if…

You observe a parent interacting harshly with a child and using threats that seem to be escalating?

How would you respond?




Personal Risk Factors Associated with Abusing Adults

Having been abused as a child Having experienced punitive parenting Having a negative view of self Experiencing low self-esteem Suffering from depression Having substance abuse problems Having poor control of impulses Being a young or teenage parent Having expectations of a child’s behavior and ability that are

unrealistic or not age appropriate




Situational Risk Factors Associated with Abusing Adults

Being physically or socially isolated Being a single parent Being a victim of domestic violence Dealing with family or economics issues such as

unemployment or financial concerns Being an unrelated male in the home




Triggering Factors Associated with Abusing Adults

Children’s challenging behaviors, such as excessive crying or misbehaving.

Discipline that has gotten out of control, such as spanking that escalates.

Teaching situations that have gotten out of control, such as exerting excessive pressure when toilet training.

Adult arguments that carry over to behaviors acted out against a child.




Physical Signs of Maltreatment

Observable marks Observable movements Visible signs that the parent is ignoring child’s needs Child statements Hiding signs such as clothing layers or conflicting

information




Child Behavioral Signs

Communicating through play

Change in mood

Change in activity level




Reporting Child Abuse

Mandatory reporters are required by law to report suspected child abuse and neglect.

– Teachers and others employed in positions that have close contact with children are considered mandatory reporters.

– Teachers must report suspected abuse. Gather as much information as possible. Reassure children they will be safe. Do not contact parents or other family members to inform them

that a report has been made.




Forms of Violence and Impacts

Forms of Violence Domestic violence Media violence Community violence

Impact on Children Self esteem and helplessness issues Fears and inability to trust Sleep disturbances Temper tantrums and aggressive behaviors Withdrawal behaviors, attachment issues




Planning a Supportive Curriculum

Provide appropriate outlets for expressing emotions.

Reduce the child’s sense of isolation.

Create opportunities for problem solving.

Address violent play behaviors.

Promote healthy play.




Supporting Parents

Provide support programs for parents, especially first-time parents.

Enhance family relationships.

Teach parenting skills.

Provide access to emergency care and shelter for domestic violence protection.




What if…

A child in your class reports that he witnessed acts of violence and was afraid to go outside?

How would you respond?

18-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young...

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