17 cm 6 mm Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Habitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration...

17 cm

6 mm

Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletiiHabitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration offshore during winter?

Carnivorous predator and scavenger.

Radula at end of feeding proboscis used to drill through animal shells (e.g., snails, bivalves, etc.) and excavate concealed prey (e.g., tube worms).

Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletiiPreyed upon by…

Sea otters

Octopus

Lobster?

Elasmobranchs (bat ray, sharks)??

Their shell is remarkably thick!

Monterey, CA

Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletiiSpring/summer breeding season.

Mating & internal fertilization.

Females lay 100+ egg capsules/year.

Capsule = 1000+ eggs.

Larvae (veliger) hatch out of capsules after 30 days.

Lecithotropic veliger in plankton for ~50 days.

Mean Dd ~ 100 km (Siegel et al. 2003; U = 0; σu = 10cm/sec)

Settlement cue not known.

Reproductively mature after ~6 years.

Juveniles:

Found in highly varying densities and across a wide range of depth gradients within the nearshore system.

Economic value:

Excellent for lawn art (match gnomes beautifully!)

Economic value:

Focus of developing fishery (by-catch in lobster traps)

Sold to US domestic Asian market (mostly in LA)

Mean price = $1.43/kg = ~$0.15/whelk

Ase

ltin

e-N

eils

on

et

al.

200

6

RANGE

Expansion since ~1980

Bahia Asuncion

Catalina Island (southern)

Northern Channel Islands

0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00

Whelk density (#/transect)

Isla San Roque

Punta Baja

Isla San Martin

La Bufadora

Salta Verde

Dana Point

Naples

Anacapa South

Yellowbanks

Frazer Point

Rhodes Reef

Jalama

Whaler's Cove

McAbee

Density: mainland > islands. Baja highest.

POPULATION GENETICS STUDY

COI: Cytochrome Oxidase I gene in mtDNA

mtDNA: circular, ~16K basepairs long

COI sequence: 528 basepairs long

One sequence per individual adult

N = 15 – 35 samples/site

N = 16 sites, spanning entire range

COI

COI sampling sites Expansion

since ~1980

Bahia Asuncion

Range expansion

Bahia Asuncion

Diversity

Site Hap Nuc

MA 0.9076 0.0034

WC 0.9048 0.0026

DC 0.9191 0.0044

HR 0.9181 0.0042

RR 0.8807 0.0038

GI 0.8762 0.0032

YB 0.7664 0.0027

NR 0.8246 0.0031

IV 0.8840 0.0030

SV 0.7966 0.0030

PV 0.8891 0.0035

DP 0.9025 0.0036

PL 0.8723 0.0033

SQ 0.8123 0.0028

TT 0.7277 0.0025

BA 0.8303 0.0034

Regionwide genetic structure statistics

Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA):

Fst = 0.012 (P = 0.001)

Pairwise differences between sites:

Fst range: 0.02 – 0.05 (P < 0.05)

Bonferroni: (120 pairs)(0.05) = 6 expected by chance.

19 found.

Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance (SAMOVA):

Fst = 0.02 – 0.03 (P = 0.002)

Non-equilibrium

stirred

Stepping stone

Genetic isolation by geographic distance: what to expect

No correlation

No correlation?

Positive correlation

Equilibrium

P = 0.14 (two-sided; R2 = 0.05; n = 16 sites; Mantel test)

(Hu

tch

ins

on

& T

em

ple

ton

19

99

)

Expanded range

Expansion, followed by isolation

Regional equilibrium

Regional non-equilibrium

Expanded rangeRegional equilibrium

At large scales, drift >

Relative dominance of gene flow vs. genetic drift varies with scale

Non-equilibrium

stirred

Stepping stone

Genetic isolation by geographic distance: what to expect

IBD signal only present at small scales

EquilibriumPeriodic regional disturbance due to el Nino

Sill in IBD curve reached at ~125 km

Fst = 0.0041*Ln(distance) – 0.0112

R2 = 0.07

P = 0. (two-sided; R2 = ; n = sites; Mantel test)

P = 0.04 (two-sided; R2 = 23; n = 6 sites; Mantel test)

Slope = ~0.01 – ~0.5 Fst/1000 km

Palumbi 2003

12 km

site aggregate

Kij dispersal connectivity

Pai

rwis

e F

st

P = 0.13

P = 0.11

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

Fst = 0.03 (P = 0.001)

June 2000 SST

(Ocean Data Center, UCSC)

TT

BA

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

Fst = 0.03 (P = 0.001)

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

Fst = 0.014 (P = 0.001)

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

Fst = 0.013 (P = 0.001)

Don’t forget: Giacomo’s surf perch

Catalina Island (southern)

Northern Channel Islands

0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00

Whelk density (#/transect)

Isla San Roque

Punta Baja

Isla San Martin

La Bufadora

Salta Verde

Dana Point

Naples

Anacapa South

Yellowbanks

Frazer Point

Rhodes Reef

Jalama

Whaler's Cove

McAbee

Density: mainland > islands. Baja highest.

Thanks!

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

SAMOVA geographic delineations

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA


Fst = 0.03

P = 0.002

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA


Fst = 0.029

P = 0.002

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA


Fst = 0.026

P = 0.002

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA


Fst = 0.023

P = 0.002

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA


Fst = 0.017

P = 0.002

1 MA

2 DC

3 HR

4 RR

5 GI

6 YB

7 IV

8 SV

9 PV

10 DP

11 PL

12 SQ

13 TT

14 BA

1 MA

2 WC

3 DC

4 HR

5 RR

6 GI

7 YB

8 NR

9 IV

10 SV

11 PV

12 DP

13 PL

14 SQ

15 TT

16 BA

Slope = ~0.01 – ~0.5 Fst/1000 km

17 cm 6 mm Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Habitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration...

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Transcript of 17 cm 6 mm Kellet’s whelk, Kelletia kelletii Habitat: Rocky reef/kelp forests. Partial migration...