16AWC Book 1 - CABI.org · Yvonne Buckley Moya Calvert Shane Campbell Aik Cheam Celine Clech-Goods...
Transcript of 16AWC Book 1 - CABI.org · Yvonne Buckley Moya Calvert Shane Campbell Aik Cheam Celine Clech-Goods...
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Weed Management 2008 Hot Topics in the Tropics
Editors: R.D. van Klinken, V.A. Osten, F.D. Panetta and J.C. Scanlan
16thth AUSTRALIAN AUSTRALIAN WEEDS WEEDS CONFERENCECONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGSPROCEEDINGS
18——22 May 2008, Cairns Convention Centre, North Queensland
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Weed Management 2008 Hot Topics in the Tropics
Editors: R.D. van Klinken, V.A. Osten, F.D. Panetta and J.C. Scanlan
18—22 May 2008, Cairns Convention Centre, North Queensland
16th AUSTRALIAN AUSTRALIAN WEEDS WEEDS CONFERENCECONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGSPROCEEDINGS
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Copyright © Queensland Weeds Society 2008
This publication is copyright. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Com-
monwealth) and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the specifi c written
permission of the copyright owner.
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Australian Weeds Conference (16th : 2008)
Title: 16th Australian Weeds Conference proceedings:
Weed management 2008 – hot topics in the tropics /
editors R.D. van Klinken… [et al.] Publisher: Brisbane: Queensland Weeds Society, 2008
ISBN: 9780646488196 (pbk)
Notes: Includes index
Bibliography
Subjects: Weeds – Control – Australia – Congresses
Weeds – Australia – Congresses
Contributors: van Klinken, Rieks
Dewey No: 632.50994
Citation
Please cite this publication as: Proceedings of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference, eds R.D. van Klinken, V.A. Osten,
F.D. Panetta and J.C. Scanlan. (Queensland Weeds Society, Brisbane).
Designed and typeset by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Meredith, Victoria
Disclaimer
The advice provided in this publication is intended as a source of information only. The publish-
ers do not guarantee that the publication is without fl aw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for
your particular purposes and therefore accepts no responsibility for any person acting or relying
on the information contained in this publication and disclaims all liability for any error, omission,
loss or other consequence which may arise from any person relying on anything contained in this
publication. Always read the label before using any of the products mentioned.
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ReviewersRobin AdairSteve AdkinsNigel AinsworthFaiz BebawiAlice BeilbyKate BloodGraeme BourdotSimon BrooksYvonne BuckleyMoya CalvertShane CampbellAik CheamCeline Clech-GoodsShaun CouttsNeville CrossmanSteve CsurhesMike DayKunjithapatham DhileepanArt DiggleJonathon DoddAlexandra DouglasFiona EdeEmilie-Jane Ens
SponsorshipKevin Melmeth Nick BloorJohn WhiteheadMichael Widderick
ProceedingsRieks van KlinkenVikki OstenDane PanettaJoe Scanlan
MediaKelly Murphy
Chairperson Michael Widderick Finance Chris Love Sponsorship Kevin Melmeth Program Steve Walker Proceedings Rieks van Klinken Field Tours Simon Brooks Event Managers Amanda Wheildon (Eventcorp Pty Ltd) Susan Hobbs (Eventcorp Pty Ltd)
ProgramSteve WalkerYvonne BuckleyShane CampbellAndrew ClarkKathryn GaleaJohn HodgonChris LoveJane MortonVikki OstenDane PanettaShon SchoolerDavid Thornby
Field ToursSimon BrooksRosalie AndersonShane CampbellJohn ClarksonKendrick CoxAnn Doak Kim ErbacherIan Holloway Helen MurphyStephen SetterBarbara Waterhouse
Keith FerdinandsDavid FerrisGlen FisherMarg FriedelGurjeet GillTony GriceLalith GunaskeraAbul HashemTim HeardMic JulienDarren KriticosRae KwongRoger LawesBen LawsonDeirdre LemerleChris LoveAndrew LoweNeil MacLeodPhil MaherPeter MartinKate McAlpineDavid McClarenRachel McFadyen
John McKenzieDavid MinkeyJohn MooreLouise MorinHelen MurphyVikki OstenSegun OsunkoyaBill PalmerDane PanettaSally PeltzerAndrew PetroeschevskyPaul PheloungJean-Baptiste PichancourtPeter PrenticeChris PrestonDavid PullarMatt PurcellSathyamurthy RaghuRod RandallNatalie RossiterJoe ScanlanShon SchoolerJohn Scott
Andy SheppardBrian SindelKate StokesAndrew StorrieDi TaylorDavid ThornbyRuey TohPeter TurnerRieks van KlinkenJohn VirtueJoe VitelliSalvo VitelliGabrielle Vivian-SmithWayne VoglerSteve WalkerCraig WaltonJeff WerthEve WhiteMichael WidderickBruce WilsonHanwen WuChengyuan XuAlice Yeates
Organising Committee
This is a refereed conference proceedings and all published papers have been peer reviewed.
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Sponsors
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
Dow AgroSciencesTM
Platinum sponsors:
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Conference satchel supplier:
Bronze sponsors:
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Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
On behalf of the Council of Australasian Weed Societies (Inc.), CAWS, and the Weed Society of Queensland (Inc.), WSQ, we proudly present to you the proceedings from the 16th Australian Weeds Conference.
The biennial Australian Weeds Conference is the premier weeds event in Australasia. The conference enables the weed community to share advances in weed science and management, and strengthens the united front in the battle against weeds. We thank you for your commitment to weed management and are confi dent that the 222 papers contained in these proceedings will sustain your knowledge and interest.
CAWS provides an important linkage and combined voice for Australian and New Zealand weed societies and enables collaboration in the advancement of weed management. A principal activity of CAWS is the convening of the Australian Weeds Conference, which is rotated between member societies. In this regard, CAWS thanks and congratulates WSQ in its excellent organisation of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference. CAWS continues to maintain activities in weed awareness, informa-tion, education and advocacy. Since the 15th Australian Weeds Conference, CAWS has been active in lobbying for successors to the Weeds CRC and the Defeating the Weeds Menace Programme. The ‘Most Weed-Wise Nursery’ award has been won by Zanthorrea Nursery (Western Australia) in 2006 and Bulleen Art & Garden (Victoria) in 2007. CAWS has supported the Lord of the Weeds schools competition and travel awards for students and early career weed scientists. CAWS has revised its strategic plan and will continue to play a vital role in Australasia as an independent, trans-national, representative voice for weed management.
The WSQ, since its inauguration in 1975, has grown in size to have over 270 members. With strength in numbers and on-going support from its members, the WSQ are proud to have been given the opportunity and rewarding challenge of organising the 16th Australian Weeds Conference. It is our hope that all who attend the conference gain inspiration and skills to better enable them to improve weed management in Australasia.
Many thanks to all who played a part in the organisation of the 16th Australian Weeds Confer-ence. Your support, hard work and dedication are greatly appreciated.
“The secret of success is constancy to purpose.” Benjamin Disraeli
John VirtuePresident
Council of Australasian Weed Societies (Inc.)
Michael WidderickConference Chair
Secretary, Weed Society of Queensland (Inc.)
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Contents
KEYNOTE
Global changes: impacts on weeds in cropping systemsTimothy G. Reeves 1
Cross pollination or cross-contamination? Directions for informing the management of invasives with market-economy conceptsPaul Martin 6
Invasions and impacts of exotic plants in the Pacifi c islandsJulie S. Denslow 14
Investing in weed research in northern Australia: a livestock industry perspectiveRodd Dyer 17
BIODIVERSITY SYMPOSIUM
Determination and management of the impacts of weeds on biodiversityPaul O. Downey and Anthony C. Grice 23
Do weed managers need to know about weed impacts?Susan M. Timmins and Kate G. McAlpine 26
Managing complexity: the example of invasive wetland forage grassesAnthony C. Grice, Justin J. Perry, D. Mike Nicholas and Paul R. Williams 27
The role of native birds in weed invasion, species decline, revegetation and reinvasion: consequences for lantana managementPeter J. Turner and Paul O. Downey 30
Altering weed management priorities to ensure conservation outcomes are achieved: lessons from the Bitou Bush Threat Abatement PlanNicole Strehling, Paul O. Downey, Neil Rendell, Scott A. King and Alana L. Burley 33
Research on the environmental impact of weeds in AustraliaJohn K. Scott and Anthony C. Grice 36
NEW THREATS: PREDICTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Predicting weediness – what has the Weeds CRC achieved?John G. Virtue, F. Dane Panetta and Jason Emms 39
Weeds in a warmer climate: a tool for assessing tolerance to changing temperaturesRachael V. Gallagher, Linda Beaumont, Paul O. Downey, Lesley Hughes and Michelle R. Leishman 42
Using geospatial intelligence to assess the invasive threat of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) David Pullar, Jamie Tan and Julian Fox 43
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Future spread of lippia in the Murray-Darling Basin under climate changeKate E. Stokes, Steve I. Barry, R. Hickson and Saul A. Cunningham 44
The continuing spread of fi reweed (Senecio madagascariensis) – the hottest of topicsBrian M. Sindel, P.W. Michael, Rachel E. McFadyen and J. Carthew 47
Weed spread pathways risk assessment in VictoriaCatriona King, Nigel Thomas, Jackie Steel, Trevor Hunt and John Weiss 50
Which WRA works for Western Australia? A comparison of weed risk assessment systems available in Australia using species of varying growth habit, life form and weedinessLynley M. Stone, Margaret Byrne and John. G. Virtue 53
Spatial modelling of new weed incursions in cropping systemsRohan T. Jayasuriya, Remy van de Ven and Randall Jones 54
NEW THREATS: NEW INCURSIONS
‘Sleeper weed’: caution, use only as directedJohn Dwyer 57
Eradication of three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum) in Western AustraliaJohn H. Moore and Jonathon Dodd 60
Turf weeds across north AustraliaPeter G. Harrison 63
Response to Victorian Alert WeedsRichard J. Plant 64
Preventing the spread of telegraph weed in South East QueenslandLyn Willsher, Paul Mason and Barry Whyte 67
NEW THREATS: HERBICIDE RESISTANCE THREATS
International survey of herbicide-resistant weeds – survey results and criteria to add casesIan Heap 68
2,2-DPA resistance in giant Parramatta grass (Sporobolus fertilis)Sethu Ramasamy, David A. McLaren, Graeme Pritchard, David Offi cer, Julio Bonilla, Christopher Preston and Ann C. Lawrie 71
Glyphosate resistance in awnless barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) and its implications for Australian farming systemsAndrew Storrie, Tony Cook, Peter Boutsalis, Drew Penberthy and Paul Moylan 74
Understanding, predicting and managing weed seedbanks in agricultural systems with the Weed Seed WizardMichael Renton, Art Diggle and Sally Peltzer 77
Impact of management on glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum populations on farmAngela M. Wakelin and Christopher Preston 80
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Current levels of herbicide resistance in broadacre farming across southern AustraliaPeter Boutsalis, Christopher Preston and Gurjeet Gill 83
Incidence of herbicide resistance in relation to cropping practices of south-eastern AustraliaJohn C. Broster and James E. Pratley 84
psbA mutation (Ala251 to Val) in Chenopodium album resistant to triazinonesEls Mechant, Tania De Marez, Olivier Hermann, Robert Olsson and Robert Bulcke 87
Flaxleaf fl eabane – the next glyphosate resistant weed?Steven R. Walker and Geoffrey R. Robinson 88
Risks associated with inter-row weed control in row croppingSally C. Peltzer, Abul Hashem and Vikki A. Osten 91
Resistance to hormone mimic herbicides and acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientaleMohammed Khiar Mohamed Aman, Peter Boutsalis and Christopher Preston 92
Field testing of glyphosate-resistant awnless barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona) in northern NSWTony Cook, Andrew Storrie, Paul Moylan and Bill Adams 93
Evaluating the extent of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) resistance to the herbicide, fl upropanate in AustraliaDavid A. McLaren, Ethan Merton, Graeme Pritchard, Sethu Ramasamy, Charles Grech and Julio Bonilla 94
Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) resistance to glyphosate and other herbicides in crops and pasture seed in northern New South WalesSandeep Narwal, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop 97
Field survey of fl upropanate-resistant Nassella trichotoma in VictoriaSethu Ramasamy, Graeme Pritchard, David A. McLaren, Julio Bonilla, Christopher Preston and Ann C. Lawrie 98
UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: EXPLAINING INVASIVENESS
Not all disturbances are equal: synthesising the effects of plant demography, natural disturbance and control methods on weed invasionsYvonne M. Buckley 101
Bitou bush invasion is facilitated by soil chemistry changes which inhibit the growth of native plantsEmilie-Jane Ens, Kristine French and J.B. Bremner 104
Does plant response to the limiting resource explain invasibility? An experimental test using two invasive weeds and their non-invasive native congenersCéline Clech-Goods, Shon Schooler, Catherine Lovelock and Susanne Schmidt 107
Invasion of aquatic macrophytes in peri-urban waterways of south-east QueenslandLauren D. Quinn, Shon Schooler and Rieks D. van Klinken 108
Management of invasive plants in relation to life historySatu Ramula and Yvonne M. Buckley 109
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UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: UNDERSTANDING HERBICIDE RESISTANCE
The infl uence of pollen competition on gene fl ow in small patches of Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass)Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston 110
Gene movement in herbicide resistant sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.)Robin S. St. John-Sweeting, Christopher Preston, Jeanine Baker, Steve Walker and Michael Widderick 113
Characterising glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeriR. Douglas Sammons, Amanda Herr, David Gustafson and Michelle Starke 116
Incidence of the endophyte Neotyphodium occultans in annual ryegrass in southern New South WalesKaren A. Kirkby, James Pratley, David E. Hume, M. McCully, Alexa Seal and M. An 117
Investigation into the mechanisms of resistance of trifl uralin-resistant Lolium rigidumBenjamin J. Fleet, Gurjeet S. Gill and Christopher Preston 120
Barnyard grass responses to glyphosate – the importance of morphological traitsMichelle D. Keenan, Steve Walker, Michael Widderick, Brian Sindel and Ian Taylor 121
UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: SEED DISPERSAL AND SPREAD
Exotic invasions of the Burdekin catchment, North QueenslandRoger Lawes and Anthony Grice 122
Weed recruitment following cyclonic disturbance of rainforest in Queensland’s Wet TropicsDaniel J. Metcalfe, Matthew G. Bradford, Andrew J. Ford, Helen T. Murphy, Gabrielle Vivian-Smith and David A. Westcott 125
Dispersal and establishment of bird-dispersed weed and native species in early successional subtropical habitatsEve White, Anna Barnes and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith 126
Towards an understanding of interactions between serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) and soil fungal communitiesAnnemieke Schneider, Brian M. Sindel, David Backhouse and Kathy King 129
The dynamics of invasion as a function of landscape connectivityRic Colasanti, Rieks D. van Klinken, Shaun Coutts and Yvonne Buckley 130
Dispersal of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) by ants in Shark Bay, Western AustraliaPenelope Goldsmith, Helen Spafford and Greg J. Keighery 133
Recruitment and growth dynamics of Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) in tropical forest impacted by Cyclone LarryHelen T. Murphy, Simon J. Brooks, Matthew G. Bradford, Daniel J. Metcalfe and David A. Westcott 137
Buoyancy and germination of pond apple (Annona glabra L.) propagules in fresh and salt waterStephen D. Setter, Melissa J. Setter, Michael F. Graham and Joseph S. Vitelli 140
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UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: WEED DISTRIBUTIONS
Modelling climatic change impacts on sleeper and alert weedsJohn K. Scott, Kathryn L. Batchelor and Paul B. Yeoh 143
The evolutionary consequences of hybridisation between a native and invasive SenecioEleanor E. Dormontt 146
Interregional comparison of the size-structure of populations of Melaleuca quinquenervia in its native and exotic range, with and without biocontrol agentsLucero Sevillano, Paul D. Pratt, Steven Franks and Carol C. Horvitz 147
Worldwide phylogeography of the globally invasive plant: Jatropha gossypiifoliaPeter J. Prentis, Sathyamurthy Raghu, Kunjithapatham Dhileepan and Andrew J. Lowe 150
Genetic variability of wheel cactus (Opuntia robusta Wendl.) in southern Australia: implications for weed spread and biological controlJeanine Baker, Mike Keller and Christopher Preston 153
The distribution of grey sallow willow (Salix cinerea) and pussy willow (Salix reichardtii) in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South AustraliaRobin B. Coles and Phil Cramond 154
Mapping the distribution of weeds and ferals in the Wet Tropics BioregionDaniel J. Metcalfe, Tina Lawson and James Butler 155
The Far North Queensland Regional Organisation of Councils (FNQROC) is made up of membership of Councils from Ingham in the South to Cooktown in the North. An area which covers 193,000 km² and includes two of the world’s greatest natural world heritage listed treasures – the reef and the rainforest.
FNQROC IS FOSTERING COOPERATION AND RESOURCE SHARING BETWEEN COUNCILS AND IMPROVING REGIONAL PARTNERSHIPS IN WEED AND PEST ANIMAL MANAGEMENT
The FNQ Regional Pest Management Officer (RMPO) has ensured liaison between councils and encouraged a closer partner relationship with agency and industry including Terrain NRM, Biosecurity Queensland, Wet Tropics Management Authority, Sunwater and Powerlink to name but a few. Improved partnerships have ensured real outcomes are achieved which include:
Regional plans and strategies: Weed Spread Prevention Strategy Code of Practice
Regionally shared assets: Mapping hardware Clean down facilities Weed control equipment
Regional education material: FNQ Local Council WEEDeck Priority Weeds CD Engaging Schools in Pest Management Education
Regional training: Weed identification Photography Mapping Community engagement
Regional project facilitation: Hymenachne and Pond Apple control Feral rabbit and
deer management Weed spread prevention practices For more information contact Kirby Doak, RPMO on (07) 40443518 or visit www.fnqroc.qld.gov.au
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UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: SPECIES ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Modelling the population dynamics of multi-species woody weed infestationsAndrew F. Zull, Oscar J. Cacho and Roger A. Lawes 156
Prevalence of biological control agents on groundsel bush in relation to plant size and survey siteNikki M. Sims, Yvonne M. Buckley, Adele M. Reid and Myron P. Zalucki 159
Phenotypic variation within contrasting environments: a study of the invasive macrophyte, Hymenachne amplexicaulis across AustraliaLynise J. Wearne, Anthony C. Grice and Mike Nicholas 162
A unique weed problem — the control of fairy grass Lachnagrostis fi liformis seedheads on Lake Learmonth in western VictoriaAndrew D. Warnock, Singarayer K. Florentine, F. Patrick Graz and Martin E. Westbrooke 165
Can effective weed management be obtained by grouping species by life cycle? Case studies from the cotton industry IIStephen B. Johnson 168
A review of the ecology of fl eabane (Conyza spp.)Todd D. Green, Brian M. Sindel, Graham Charles and Jeff Werth 171
Seed dynamics of the invasive geophyte Lilium formosanum on Lord Howe Island – lots of seeds but they don’t live longSusie Warner, Anthony C. Grice, John A. Duggin and Caroline L. Gross 174
Interactions between butterfl y pea (Clitoria ternatea) and rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandifl ora)Faiz F. Bebawi and Joseph S. Vitelli 177
Seed production and maturation of Limnocharis fl ava (L.) Buchenau in the fi eld and glasshouseSimon J. Brooks, Jason M. Weber, Stephen D. Setter and Brodie A. Akacich 180
Germination biology of Portulaca oleracea L.Bhagirath S. Chauhan and David E. Johnson 183
Movement of dieback through a stand of parkinsonia – a time series studyNaomi Diplock, Victor Galea and Rieks D. van Klinken 186
Acaciella angustissima: a soil seed bank studyChris Gardiner, Noemie Chanclud, Bree Clouten and Kendrick Cox 187
Growth of Koster’s curse (Clidemia hirta) from seedlings to reproductive maturity and following mechanical damage Michael F. Graham, Katie A. Patane and Stephen D. Setter 189
Neem – a new threat to northern riversDick Pasfi eld 192
Cytisus scoparius plants infected by the native parasitic plant Cassytha pubescens have reduced growth and reproductive outputJane Prider, José M. Facelli, Jennifer Watling and John Virtue 193
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UNDERSTANDING THE INVADER: IMPACTS
Using spatial models and a Bayesian belief network to predict risk of parkinsonia invasion at a landscape scale in northern AustraliaRieks D. van Klinken, Leonie Seabrook, Carl Smith, Justin Ryan and Clive McAlpine 194
Impact of biological control of Salvinia molesta on native plant species biodiversity in temperate climatesBertie R. Hennecke and Kristine French 195
Ecosystem impacts of an exotic grass in northern Australia: effects on structure and carbon stocksSamantha Setterfi eld, Michael Douglas, Lindsay Hutley, Keith Ferdinands, Emilie-Jane Ens, Kristine Brooks and Natalie Rossiter 198
GRDC RUSTLINKS
IS YOUR CEREAL VARIETYSUSCEPTIBLE TO RUST?
IF SO, YOU NEED TO MANAGE IT!FOR OPTIONS ON MANAGING RUST INYOUR CEREAL CROP GO TO …www.grdc.com.au/rustlinksKey messages to reducethe risk of rust are:■ Choose best-adapted cereal varieties
for your region with good levels of rustresistance (leaf, stripe and stem rust);
■ Close monitoring of your crop willassist with early detection andmanagement; and
■ Plan a rust management strategy(including cultural and chemicalelements) at the time the varietalchoice is made.
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Competitive effects of wireweed (Polygonum aviculare L.) in fi eld and glasshouse studiesViv F. Burnett, Ken R. Young, David McLaren, Sorn Norng, Rob Norton, Deirdre Lemerle and Roger Cousens 199
An investigation of the effects of disturbance on the establishment of Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth (Poaceae) in an Australian native grasslandIan Faithfull, Colin Hocking and David McLaren 202
Do tissue chemical components and the effect of vegetation on soil properties contribute to the invasiveness of lippia (Phyla canescens)? – indications from soil moisture and plant calcium concentrationCheng-Yuan Xu and Rieks D. van Klinken 205
A preliminary assessment of the composition and cover of vascular plants associated with patches of Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth (Poaceae) in an Australian native grasslandIan Faithfull, Colin Hocking and David McLaren 206
Ecology and herbicide tolerance of the native weeds that cause pimelea poisoningRichard G. Silcock, Michael B. Mann and Kerrin A. Morrissy 209
Native Rumex spp. (Polygonaceae) and their utilisation by the dock moth Pyropteron doryliformis (Ochsenheimer) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in AustraliaDianne B.J. Taylor, Helen Spafford and Tim A. Heard 212
Grader grass (Themeda quadrivalvis): changing savannah ecosystemsWayne D. Vogler and Nikki A. Owen 213
NEW TECHNOLOGIES: NEW TECHNOLOGY AND TOOLS
Low herbicide rates can lead to faster development of herbicide resistanceMichael Renton, Art Diggle and Stephen Powles 215
A spatio-temporal modelling framework for assessing the impact of weed management technologies on the spread of herbicide resistanceFiona H. Evans and Art J. Diggle 218
Mapping lantana using Landsat to further the National Weeds StrategyAndrew J. Stewart, Grant W. Hodgins, Tim J. Danaher and Andrew Clark 221
Precision guided mechanical weed controlMadan L. Gupta, Doug L. George and Leigh Norton 222
The Irvin Boom – adapting proven sugar cane industry weed management technology for dryland broadacre agricultureVikki Osten and Gavin Lotz 223
Simulating the spread of Miconia calvescens in Queensland’s Wet TropicsCameron S. Fletcher, David A. Westcott, B. Denise Hardesty, Helen T. Murphy and Dan J. Metcalfe 226
Breeding for improvement in weed competitive ability in bread wheatMichael C. Zerner, Gurjeet S. Gill and Greg J. Rebetzke 227
Soil amendments enhance soil solarisation effi ciency in controlling weeds under the environment of the United Arab EmeritesAli El-Keblawy and Fatima Al-Hammadi 228
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES: BIOCONTROL
Winning the lottery: return on investment from weed biocontrol programsRachel McFadyen 231
Applications of CLIMEX modelling leading to improved biological controlK.A.D. Wilmot Senaratne, William A. Palmer and Robert W. Sutherst 234
An update on progress towards biological control of Nassella neesiana in Australia and New ZealandFreda E. Anderson, Andrea C. Flemmer, Paula V. Hansen, David A. McLaren and Jane Barton 237
Factors infl uencing the release and establishment of weed biological control agentsHelen Spafford, Michael Day, Louise Morin and John Ireson 240
Progress on the biological control of two invasive aquatic plants, cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana) and alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)Shon Schooler and Mic Julien 243
Chondrostereum purpureum reduces the regeneration of gorse (Ulex europaeus) following application to cut stumpsGraeme W. Bourdôt and Geoff A. Hurrell 244
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries - Biosecurity Queensland
DPI
&F_
3353
2
Biosecurity Queensland was formed as a business group of the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) on 1 March 2007. The Invasive Plants and Animals Unit within Biosecurity Queensland is primarily the former Land Protection plus a unit covering marine pests.
Invasive Plants and Animals provides leadership and supports weed and pest animal management throughout Queensland. We are dedicated to minimising the environmental, social and economic impacts of declared weeds and pest animals on the profitability of industry, maintenance of natural resources, management of biodiversity, and our way of life.
On behalf of the Queensland Government, Invasive Plants and Animals provides services relating to the management of weeds and pest animals to local government, industry groups, community groups, landholders and other State Government departments. The unit provides:
Excellence in biosecurity practice and scienceVisit our new website at www.dpi.qld.gov.au and go to weeds and pest animals.
information
planning support
practices
priority new incursions
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Phyla canescens: multiple introductions into Australia as revealed by ISSR markers and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) Mohammad Fatemi, Caroline Gross, Mic Julien and John A. Duggin 247
The salvinia weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae controls salvinia in temperate SydneyPaul R. Sullivan, Lesley A. Postle and Royce H. Holtkamp 250
Infection process of Septocyta ruborum, a coelomycetous fungus with potential for biological control of European blackberry in AustraliaJanita Baguant, Robin J. Adair and Ann C. Lawrie 251
Defoliation of Cirsium vulgare and Cirsium arvense rosettes by goatsKerry C. Harrington, Wagner B. Beskow and John Hodgson 254
Prospects for Hudson pear biological control in AustraliaRoyce H. Holtkamp 255
Feasibility of biological control of silverleaf nightshade in AustraliaRaelene M. Kwong, Jean Louis Sagliocco, John Weiss, Trevor Hunt and Tereso Morfe 256
Two biological control options for Sonchus oleraceus in AustraliaKathryn L. McCarren and John K. Scott 259
Boneseed rust: a highly promising candidate for biological controlLouise Morin and Alan Wood 262
Additional strains of the Noogoora burr rust fungus to enhance biocontrol in Northern AustraliaLouise Morin, Melissa Piper, Raelene M. Kwong, Rieks D. van Klinken and Blair Grace 263
Prospects for the biological control of the weedy sporobolus grasses in AustraliaWilliam A. Palmer, Kwasi S. Yobo and Arne B.R. Witt 264
Impact evaluation of bridal creeper biological control in southern NSWAdele Reid, Louise Morin and Michael Neave 267
Prairie ground cherry: what should be done before it is too late?Jean-Louis Sagliocco, Raelene M. Kwong, David McLaren, John Weiss, Tereso Morfe and Trevor Hunt 268
Parthenium weed: management prospects in PakistanAsad Shabbir and Steve W. Adkins 271
Survival of dock moth larvae, Pyropteron doryliformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), in tubers of fi ddle dock (Rumex pulcher)Helen Spafford, Jodie Hawley and Geoff Strickland 272
Interactions between three weed biological control agents of Paterson’s curse, Echium plantagineumHelen Spafford, Jodie Hawley, Paul Wilson and Geoff Strickland 275
The establishment and spread of the latest biocontrol agents released against Lantana camara in AustraliaDianne B.J. Taylor, Natasha Riding, Annerose Chamberlain, Andrew Clark and Michael D. Day 279
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOHERBICIDES
Molecular control of sexual reproduction in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)Andrew Young, Michael Groszmann, Susan Hoebee, Joshua Koh, Ed Newbigin and Steve Swain 280
Towards a bioherbicide for alligator weedRoss L. Gilbert, Geoff M. Gurr, Michael J. Priest and Andrew Mitchell 283
Evaluation of fungal isolates for potential use as mycoherbicides for seed bank reduction of Parkinsonia aculeataRuey Toh, Victor J. Galea, Naomi Diplock and Rieks D. van Klinken 284
Glyphosate displays disease control activity in glyphosate resistant cropsPaul C.C. Feng, Frank C. Kohn, R. Douglas Sammons and Keith A. Kretzmer 287
NEW TECHNOLOGIES: HERBICIDE CONTROL
Prolonging glyphosate effectiveness on diffi cult to control summer weedsJeff Werth, Michael Widderick, Vikki Osten and Steve Walker 288
BOXER® GOLD, a fl exible new pre-emergent herbicide alternative for the control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and toad rush (Juncus bufonius L.) in wheat and barleyCraig A. Ruchs 291
“ The most effective weed killer is not found in a bottle...”
...it’s found in strong and supportive partnerships.
Partnerships that enable an efficient and long-term alignment of effort, the sharing of knowledge and resources and the development and implementation of innovative pest management programs.
Partnerships that deliver results!
Terrain NRM is proud to join with Local Governments in supporting pest management initiatives through:
· Attracting funding for strategic regional programs suchas Blueprint for the Bush - Pond Apple & Weed Spreadand Defeating the Weed Menace - Pond Apple &Hymenachne Control.
· Facilitating negotiations for priority setting of on-groundcontrol sites across the region and the monitoring andreporting of weed incursions.
· Collaboration with other weed management partnersand associated projects such as Weed Watchers andCatchment Groups.
· Circulation of regional weed management informationand the promotion of weed management initiatives.
· Establishment of work crews and the fostering ofstrategic partnerships for on-ground delivery of pestmanagement programs.
For more information contact Kathryn Dryden on: (07) 4043 8037 or visit: www.terrain.org.au
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xix
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
The effi cacy of Spray Seed® and Axial® herbicides on the narrow-leaved targets annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and oats (Avena spp.) when applied with a range of nozzle types and water volumesJason W.G. Sabeeney and Garth R. Wickson 294
Pyroxsulam for broad-spectrum weed control in wheatGreg S. Wells 297
Florasulam + MCPA for broad spectrum broadleaf weed control in winter cereals in southern AustraliaPeter Nott 300
Control of Lantana camara following monthly applications of herbicides at Tarong, QueenslandChristopher O. Love and Ian D. Corr 303
Annual ryegrass control affected by choice of management systemRex Stanton, James Pratley and David Hudson 306
Seedbank management of Orobanche ramosa in South AustraliaJohn M. Matthews, Daryl Miegel, Dorothy Hayton and S. Lamey 309
Controlling seed set of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) with herbicide application during reproduction Aik Cheam and Siew Lee 312
Effects of isoxafl utole on the growth and nodulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under different soil nitrogen ratesAvishek Datta, Brian M. Sindel, Robin S. Jessop and Warwick L. Felton 313
Rainfastness of phenoxy herbicide formulations on four pasture weedsTrevor K. James, Anis Rahman and Alan Cliffe 316
Herbicide tolerance in pasture legumes and herbsPeter Lockley and Hanwen Wu 319
An assessment of native tree susceptibility to the simulated aerial application of the herbicide fl upropanate, for management of exotic unpalatable grassesDavid A. McLaren, Kelly Snell and Kym Butler 323
The tolerance of grapevines to herbicidesJohn H. Moore and Colin L. McDonald 326
The performance of AXIAL® in the control of aryloxyphenoxy propionate resistant wild oats (Avena spp.) in wheat and barleyCraig A. Ruchs 329
Home among the gum trees – not necessarily so for silverleaf nightshadeRex Stanton, Hanwen Wu, Min An and Diedre Lemerle 330
Florasulam + clopyralid for broad spectrum broadleaf weed control in winter cereals in southern AustraliaGreg S. Wells 333
Florasulam + isoxaben for management of herbicide resistant wild radish in Western AustraliaGreg S. Wells 336
Understanding the behaviour of dazomet in dryland broad acre fi eld situationsAnna M. Williams, Nick M. Secomb and John G. Virtue 339
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xx
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: COMMUNITY PROCESSES
A review of the National Weed Detection ProjectS. Jane Morton 340
Bush For Life: a successful model for community participation Mark F. Ellis, Andrew Allanson and Peter Watton 343
National blackberry biological control program in partnership with the communityLouise Morin, Robin Adair, Ruth Aveyard, Kathy Evans, Don Gomez, John Lester and Paul Yeoh 344
Sessile joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis): a popular leafy vegetable in South East Asia but federal noxious weed in USALalith Gunasekera 347
The Cape York Weeds and Feral Animals Program: undertaking pest management on Cape YorkTrent Cini 349
When do we need to incorporate human behaviour into models of weed control, and how do we do it?Shaun Coutts, Yvonne Buckley and Hiroyuki Yokomizo 352
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xxi
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
Social aspects associated with the continual spread of Sagittaria platyphyllaLauren Forrest 353
What does your garden grow? - educating the home gardenerAnnette Beer, Birgitte Verbeek and Rita Reitano 357
Alligator weed: from backyards to nature in VictoriaLalith Gunasekera and Julio Bonilla 358
Developing and implementing a regional weed management strategy through a community engagement and education processSusan King, Alice Beilby and Alison Derry 360
Engaging the Victorian fodder industry for improved weed managementClaire Norris 362
Understanding the invaderClare Raven and Kym Johnson 365
Educate to eradicate: incorporating weed issues into primary educationAlyssa Schembri, Hillary Cherry, Julie Haeusler, Jane West and Birgitte Verbeek 368
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
Defeating the Weed Menace R&D: facilitating innovation and adoptionJudy Lambert 369
Guidelines for improving impact evaluation of weed biocontrolAdele M. Reid, Louise Morin and Royce H. Holtkamp 372
Evaluation: providing better weed awareness outcomes for NSWAlyssa Schembri, Annette McCaffery and Birgitte Verbeek 375
A strategic framework for managing the environmental impacts of weeds on public land in Victoria, AustraliaStephen J. Platt, Robin Adair, Matt White, David Cheal and Nigel Ainsworth 376
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: BIODIVERSITY
Optimising weed control by considering disturbance Jennifer Firn, Tracy Rout, Hugh Possingham and Yvonne Buckley 379
The NSW Bitou Bush Threat Abatement Plan: the fi rst two yearsAlana L. Burley, Scott A. King and Paul O. Downey 383
The weed control paradox: effect of management disturbance on the composition and structure of invaded communitiesAlice Yeates 386
Determining sites for weed control and biodiversity conservationPaul O. Downey 387
Weed management guides: managing weeds for biodiversityMargaret A. Robertson 389
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xxii
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
Implications of successful biological control of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce) in south-west AustraliaPeter J. Turner, John K. Scott and Helen Spafford 390
The triage approach to conserving biodiversity from lantana invasionPeter J. Turner, Mark A. Hamilton and Paul O. Downey 393
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: POLICY AND STRATEGY
Developing a national incursion response plan for high priority weedsPhilip E. Maher, Mike Cole and S. Jane Morton 394
A national approach to weed categorisation and managementMartin Hannan-Jones and Steve Csurhes 395
Nursery and Garden Industry and invasive plantsRobert Chin 398
Preventing further introduction and spread of aquatic weeds through the ornamental plant tradeAndrew Petroeschevsky and Paul Champion 399
Strategic weed communications to meet client needsAnnette McCaffery, Alyssa Schembri and Birgitte Verbeek 403
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xxiii
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
A cooperative model for tackling weeds across a regional landscapePaul Devine, Kirby T. Doak, Matt Hyde and Darlene Irvine 404
‘Green bulldozers’ and ‘fl ammable triffi ds’: responding to the threats posed by invasive grasses in tropical northern AustraliaKeith Ferdinands and Samantha Setterfi eld 407
Prioritising weed management for biodiversity conservation at the NRM levelMoira C. Williams, Bruce Auld, Clare M. O’Brien, Neil Rendell and Paul O. Downey 408
Reducing the risk of new weed introductions through strategic engagementMark Farrer and Stephen Young 411
Can noxious weed legislation be used to deliver biodiversity conservation? Examination of the New South Wales Noxious Weeds Act 1993Stephen. B. Johnson and Paul O. Downey 414
Optimal frequency for woody weed management for North Queensland grazing properties: an economic perspectiveAndrew F. Zull, Roger A. Lawes and Oscar J. Cacho 415
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: PREVENTION AND ERADICATION
Evaluating progress in weed eradication programsF. Dane Panetta and Simon J. Brooks 418
Working towards eradication of Miconia calvescens and M. nervosa in a tropical rainforest: history, current status and future challengesTravis A. Sydes and Kylie E. Galway 421
Processes leading to the detection of tropical weed infestations during an eradication programSimon J. Brooks and Kylie E. Galway 424
Eradication versus long-term surveillance and removal: contrasting approaches to Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh management in AustraliaHillary Cherry 427
The National Four Tropical Weeds Eradication Program: a case study for future weed eradication projects in the wet tropicsKimberley Erbacher, Travis A. Sydes, Kylie E. Galway and Simon J. Brooks 430
Is eradication of the invasive tree miconia feasible? Lessons from 15 years of active management in French Polynesia (Pacifi c Islands)Jean-Yves Meyer 433
Gorse control in Western AustraliaJohn H. Moore and P. Williams 434
Hygrophila costata demonstration and pilot eradication projectPhillip L. Moran and Vanessa Moscato 437
Stemming the spread – the lantana containment zone projectMichele Rogers and Kym Johnson 441
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xxiv
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: APPLICATION
Innovative methods of water hyacinth removal in tropical coastal wetlands – cutting the costsVern Veitch, Damien Burrows and David Hudson 444
Infl uence of tillage on patterns of weed seedling emergence in riceBhagirath S. Chauhan and David E. Johnson 448
The control of bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypifolia) monocultures – properties of a bellyache bush burnAcacio da Costa Guterres, Penny Wurm, John Janes and Tania Paul 451
Weedy fi re regimes: incorporating weed issues into fi re programsPaul Williams 454
Lantana best practice management – the decision support toolDaniel Stock, Kym Johnson and Andrew Clark 457
The utility of molecular marker approaches to understanding plant invasionsBritta Denise Hardesty and David Westcott 460
Weed spread prevention: simple activities for fi eld operationsJodie Bocking, Kylie E. Galway and Simon J. Brooks 461
Using land manager workshops to develop serrated tussock best management practicesPeter Fullerton, David A. McLaren, Michael Moerkerk, Charles Grech and Bronwen Wicks 464
Celebrating 20 years of innovation
Vegetation Solutions
› Urban Vegetation Specialists
› Declared & Environmental Weed Management
› Road Network Weed Management
› Spor tsfield & Turf Management
› Revegetation Projects
www.technigro.com.au
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xxv
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
A rapid mapping method for Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) and other roadside weedsAndrew Colvill 467
Tactics for the control and possible eradication of terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)Tony Cook and Andrew Storrie 469
Developing a one-stop shop for the biological control of Paterson’s curse in AustraliaRaelene Kwong and Greg Lefoe 472
Three steps to successful management of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana)Kelly Snell and Charles Grech 473
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT
Weed seed removal by ants in the crop growing areas of Western AustraliaDavid M. Minkey and Helen Spafford 474
Depleting weed seed banks within non-crop phases for the benefi t of subsequent cropsDavid G. Ferris 477
Control and seed production of annual ryegrass in wide row lupins in the Western Australian wheatbeltAbul Hashem, Alex Douglas, Shahab Pathan, Glen Riethmuller and Sally Peltzer 480
Competitive effects of sorghum cultivars and densities on weed suppressionHanwen Wu, Steven R. Walker, Vikki A. Osten and Geoff Robinson 483
Chilean needle grass – three years of best practice managementCharles J. Grech, David A. McLaren and Brian M. Sindel 487
The effect of fi re and herbicide on rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandifl ora) in Bowling Green Bay National Park, QueenslandEleanor M. Collins, Anthony J. Contarino, Jeffrey Hasted and Paul R. Williams 488
Lion’s tail control at Boodjamulla National ParkCarly Greig 491
PR08
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6
Visit the WoNS display or website:www.weeds.org.au/WoNS
Weeds of National Significance... destroying Australia’s landscapes
The WoNS program ... coordinating the effort against 20 of Australia’s worst invasive plants.
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xxvi
Sixteenth Australian Weeds Conference
Managing herbicide resistance in wide row lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in Western AustraliaAbul Hashem, Mike Collin, David Bowran and Paul Blackwell 494
AAco winning the war on weeds: research, trial and innovationSuzanne Kearins and Claire Dyason 495
Inter- and intra-row herbicide application strategies for the control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wide-row faba beans (Vicia faba)Samuel G.L. Kleemann and Gurjeet S. Gill 496
An economic evaluation of weed management options for cotton-based farming systems in MuzarabaniZira Mavunganidze, Arnold B. Mashingaidze, O.A. Chivinge, Jim Ellis-Jones, M. Mutenje and Richard Foti 497
Integrated management of blackberry in Western AustraliaJohn Moore, Andrew Reeves and Simon Merewether 500
Managing perennial summer weeds with competitive pasturesRex Stanton, Hanwen Wu, Brian Dear and Deirdre Lemerle 503
Cover cropping as a weed management tool in southern Australian farming systemsHanwen Wu, Eric Koetz, De Li Liu, Min An, Deirdre Lemerle and Jim Pratley 504
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES AND APPROACHES: MODELLING
Weeds getting steamed-up in the tropics: climate change effects on ecosystem water use effi ciency and woody plant rangeDarren J. Kriticos 506
Improving the agent selection, release and evaluation process: the role of bioclimatic modellingBen E. Lawson, Rieks D. van Klinken, Michael D. Day, Tim A. Heard and Myron P. Zalucki 510
Modelling to estimate glyphosate resistance risk in barnyard grass in the northern Australian grain regionDavid Thornby, Steven R. Walker and Jeremy P.M. Whish 513
The potential impact of Scotch broom on softwood forestry in AustraliaKarina J.B. Potter, Darren J. Kriticos and Michael S. Watt 516
Ocean dispersal modelling for propagules of pond apple (Annona glabra L.)Luciano B. Mason, Melissa J. Setter, Stephen D. Setter, Thomas Hardy and Michael F. Graham 519
Climate change impacts on Scotch broom in AustraliaKarina J.B. Potter, Darren J. Kriticos and Agathe Leriche 522
AUTHORS’ INDEX 525
KEYWORD INDEX 528
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