16 2 pp
14
description
This presentation is for Chapter 16 section 2.
Transcript of 16 2 pp
Chapter Objectives
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• Identify Northern and Southern successes and failures in the early years of the war.
• Explain how the North’s naval blockade hurt the South.
Section 2: Early Years of the War
Why It MattersThe Civil War–a war in which Americans fought other Americans–transformed the United States. It shattered the economy of the South while contributing to the rapid economic growth of the North and the West. African Americans gained freedom when slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy of bitterness between North and South that lasted for generations.
The Impact Today
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Key events during this era still shape our lives today. For example:
• The institution of slavery was abolished.
• The war established the power of the federal government over the states.
Guide to Reading
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Neither the Union nor the Confederate forces gained a strong advantage during the early years of the war.
• blockade runner
Main Idea
Key Terms
• ironclad
• casualty
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First Battle of Bull Run • The first major battle of the Civil War was
called the First Battle of Bull Run.
• It was fought in northern Virginia near a river called Bull Run.
• The Confederates were victorious.
• Union troops attacked Confederate forces led by General P.G.T. Beauregard.
• Next, the Rebels rallied under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s reinforcement troops and counterattacked the Yankees.
(pages 466–467)(pages 466–467)
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First Battle of Bull Run (cont.) • Then, the Union army retreated back to
Washington, D.C., first in an orderly fashion and then in a panic.
• The Confederate victory shocked the North.
• Northerners realized that the war could be a long, hard, and costly one.
• Abraham Lincoln signed two bills requesting a total of one million army volunteers to serve for three years.
• He also appointed General George B. McClellan to head the Union army of the East called the Army of the Potomac.
(pages 466–467)(pages 466–467)
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War in the East • The war in the East was not as successful for
the Union.
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
• The Union’s goal of capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, was never met.
• The Southern strategy of making the North tired of fighting seemed to be working.
- General McClellan did not act promptly on Lincoln’s orders to advance directly to Richmond.
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War in the East (cont.)
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
• Richmond was never captured, and the Confederates were only 20 miles away from Washington, D.C.
- McClellan’s army was pushed back, but it was larger than Lee’s and still close to Richmond.
- When McClellan did not renew his attack toward Richmond, Lincoln ordered him to Northern Virginia to join Major General John Pope’s troops.
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War in the East (cont.)
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
- Stonewall Jackson’s troops met Lee’s army and were attacked by Pope’s troops on August 29 at Bull Run.
- The Second Battle of Bull Run was won by the Confederacy.
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War in the East (cont.)
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
• Another major battle, the Battle of Antietam, occurred on September 17.
• Both armies suffered severe losses, but neither was destroyed.
• General Lee withdrew to Virginia, so the Union claimed victory.
• Additionally Lincoln used the battle to change Northern war aims and take action against slavery.
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War in the East (cont.)
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
- After a McClellan soldier found a copy of Lee’s orders, McClellan knew Lee’s plans, but because he was so cautious and acted so slowly, Lee was able to gather his forces along the Antietam Creek.
- September 17, the bloodiest day of the war, saw close to 6,000 soldiers dead or dying and another 17,000 seriously wounded.
- Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September 1862, and McClellan with his 80,000 troops moved slowly after them.
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War in the East (cont.)
(pages 469–472)(pages 469–472)
- When McClellan refused to obey Lincoln’s order to pursue Lee, Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
- The next day Lee withdrew.
