Induction Program for Beginning for Teachers

October 27-31, 2008, MMSU CTE Social Hall

Teaching Speaking

Ronald Candy S. LasatenTrainer

Mariano Marcos State UniversityMariano Marcos State UniversityCOLLEGE OF TEACHER COLLEGE OF TEACHER

EDUCATIONEDUCATIONLaoag CityLaoag City

Teaching Speaking• Speaking is considered the most basic and the

most important among the four macro skills. • Being able to express himself / herself in the

target language gives one an edge over others who simply cannot think of anything to say.

• Learning to speak is more than knowing the rules of grammar. One must know what to say about something, how to say it, to whom, where, and when to say it.

• Speaking requires a lot of real–time exposure to varied situations for functioning effectively in society.

Agree or Disagree?• Oral language is the foundation of early

literacy development. • It is all right to correct a student’s error

in grammar on the spot. • The most effective way to cultivate

one’s skill in speaking is through pattern practice.

Agree or Disagree?• Students can easily talk about a

topic he is familiar with. • If a student cannot express

himself in the target language, he can always use the mother tongue.

The Process of Oral Communication

Noise

Message

Medium

Sender or Source Receiver

Noise

Feedback

Barriers to Effective Communication

• Mispronunciations.• Lack of awareness of the

pronunciation of a given word in the different varieties of English.

• Different meanings attached to a word.

Barriers to Effective Communication

• Psychological factors. • Delivery of the message.• Situation or setting.

True or False?1) Motivation is high when learners are eager to

speak because they are interested in the topic and have something new to say about.

2) Language is of an acceptable level when it is grammatically correct and pronunciation of words is accurate.

3) Learners complain that they cannot think of anything to say because they lack the necessary vocabulary to talk on the topic.

4) The use of the mother tongue by students should always be allowed so that they can express themselves well during the discussion.

True or False?5) Students should use high level vocabulary during the

discussion so that they will be rated high in oral performance.

6) Students are usually motivated to talk when the topic is highly interesting and the purpose of the discussion is clear.

7) Clear instruction on how to go about the activity should be given to the class.

8) We use negotiation skills in oral communication.

True or False?9) Dialogues taught in class must be

memorized by students.10) Too many play rehearsals before

performance are time-consuming and should be discouraged.

11) Role plays and other oral communication strategies enhance fluency in the language.

12) Group members arrive at a consensus by having different opinions.

True or False?13) In a dyadic exchange, students pair

off and interact with each other as they carry out the task assigned to them.

14) Problem solving is based on the principles of information gap.

15) The success of relaying and carrying out instructions depends on the correct giving and interpreting of instructions.

Successful Oral Fluency

• More learner talk• Even participation• High motivation• Acceptable language

Characteristics of a Successful Speaking Activity

Problems with Speaking Activities

• Inhibition• Nothing to say• Low or uneven participation• Mother-tongue use

How to enhance Speaking Skills

• Use group work.• Base the activity on easy language.• Make a careful choice of topic and

task to stimulate interest.

How to enhance Speaking Skills

• Give some instruction on training in discussion skills.

• Keep students speaking the target language.

Oral Communication Strategies

A. Discussion Activities– These activities provide meaningful practice in the language.– They also develop negotiation skills.

Discussion Activities

• Describing pictures

• Things in common

• Picture differences

Picture DifferenceFind the differences in the pair of picture.

Discussion Activities• Problem-solving activity• Consensus-seeking activity• Moral dilemma issues• Humanistic activities

B. Language Games• Relaying and carrying out

instructions• Story construction game• Strip story• Tongue-twisters• Jazz Chants

Tongue Twisters

Mr. See owned a saw.And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw.Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesawBefore Soar saw See,Which made Soar sore.Had Soar seen See's sawBefore See sawed Soar's seesaw,See's saw would not have sawedSoar's seesaw.So See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw.But it was sad to see Soar so soreJust because See's saw sawedSoar's seesaw!

A tree toad loved a she-toadWho lived up in a tree.He was a two-toed tree toadBut a three-toed toad was she.The two-toed tree toad tried to winThe three-toed she-toad's heart,For the two-toed tree toad loved the groundThat the three-toed tree toad trod.But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain.He couldn't please her whim.From her tree toad bowerWith her three-toed powerThe she-toad vetoed him.

Jazz Chant • I went to Costa Rica one fine day.

I went to Costa Rica one fine day. – And what did I find?

What did I find?• Warm, loving people with hearts so kind,

Warm, loving people with hearts so kind. • I have a class in California yes I do.

I have a class in California yes I do. – And what do I find?

What do I find?• Warm, loving people with hearts so kind,

Warm, loving people with hearts so kind. • I do, I do, I do, do, do.

I do, I do, I do, do, do.

C. Student-centered Interaction Modes

• Dyadic or Pair work (e.g. Think-Pair-Share)• Small group discussion (e.g. Panel Discussion, Brainstorming)• Debate

D. Role play and related techniques

*Dialogues *Chamber Theater*Plays *Dramatic Monologue*Simulation *Readers Theater*Skit *Poetry Recital*Role play *Speech Choir

Points to Remember:For speaking activity to be successfulthe following characteristics should bepresent:

– Learners talk a lot.– Participation is even.– Motivation is high.– Language is of an acceptable level.

“The limits of my language are the limits of my world.”

-Ludwig Wittgenstein

Thank you and happy teaching!