15427_lecture 1 Microprocessors) (1)

8/7/2019 15427_lecture 1 Microprocessors) (1)

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Books:

1. Hall Douglas V, Microprocessors and Interfacing Programming and Hardware

2. Gaonkar Ramesh S, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Applications

with 8085

3. B. Ram, Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcomputers

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What is a Microprocessor?

Processors are the brains of computers.

Other components allow a computer tostore or retrieve data and to input or

output data, but the processor performs

computations and does something useful

with the data.

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What is a Microprocessor?

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microprocessor

memory

input

output


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Definition

Microprocessor is a multipurpose,

programmable, clock driven, register based

electronic device that reads binary

instructions from a storage device calledmemory, accepts binary data as input and

process data according to those

instructions and provides result as output.

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What is a Microcomputer?

An electronic device capable of

performing arithmetic and logic

operations on data, according to astored program of instructions. A self-

contained desktop computer system

utilizing a microprocessor.

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Microprocessor Evolution

1971: 4004 Microprocessor

The 4004 was Intel'sfirstmicroprocessor.

4 bitmicroprocessor

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Intel 4004


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The 8008 was twice as powerful asthe 4004.

The Mark-8 is known as one of the

first computers for the home

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8080 became the brains of the firstpersonal computer

8 bit microprocessor

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1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor

16-bitdatabus

20 bitaddressbus

The 8088 isalessexpensiveversionwith

only 8 bitdatabus

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24-bitaddressbus

Enhanced with memory protection

capabilities

Introduced protected mode

Backwardscompatible

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1985: Intel386 Microprocessor

275,000 transistors--morethan 100 timesasmanyastheoriginal 4004.

Multitasking

First32-bitprocessor

32-bitdatabusand32-bitaddressbus

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1993: IntelPentiumProcessor

64-bit data bus

Wider internal data bus 128-and 256-bit wide

The Intel Pentium processor

allowed computers to more easily

incorporate "real world" data such asspeech, sound, handwriting and

photographic images.

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1995: IntelPentiumProProcessor

36-bitaddressbus

Each Intel Pentium Pro processor is

packaged together with a second speed-

enhancing cache memory chip. The

powerful Pentium Pro processor boasts5.5 million transistors.

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1997: Intel PentiumII Processor

Introduced multimedia (MMX) instructions

Doubled on-chip L1 cache 16 KB data, 16 KB instruction

Introduced comprehensive power

management features; Sleep, Deep sleep

In addition to the L1 cache, has 256 KB L2

cache

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1998: IntelPentium II XeonProcessor

Designed to meet the performance

requirements of mid-range and higher

servers and workstations.

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1999: IntelCeleronProcessor

Enhances the performance of advancedimaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video andspeech recognition applications. It wasdesigned to significantly enhance Internetexperiences, allowing users to do suchthings as browse through realistic onlinemuseums and stores and download high-quality video.

The processor incorporates 9.5 milliontransistors

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1999: IntelPentium III XeonProcessor

The Intel Pentium III Xeon processor's

advance cache technology speedsinformation from the system bus to theprocessor, significantly boostingperformance.

It is designed for systems with multi-processor configurations.

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2000: IntelPentium4 Processor

Users can create professional-quality

movies; deliver TV-like video via theInternet; communicate with real-time videoand voice; render 3D graphics in real time;quickly encode music for MP3 players; andsimultaneously run several multimedia

applications while connected to the Internet. The processor debuted with 42 million

transistors

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2001: Intel ItaniumProcessor

64-bitprocessor Uses 64-bitaddressbus

128-bitdatabus

Introducedseveraladvancedfeatures

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2003: IntelPentiumM Processor

The Intel Pentium M processor, the Intel 855

chipset family, and the Intel PRO/Wireless 2100network connection are the three components ofIntelCentrino processor technology.

Intel Centrino processor technology is designedspecifically for portable computing, with built-in

wireless LAN capability and breakthrough mobileperformance. It enables extended battery life andthinner, lighter mobile computers .

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Andfinally

Dual CoreTechnology The first microprocessor that uses

the 65nm semiconductor technology

The first to have dual core on a die

Dual core computing capabilities

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