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14.4 Workers of the Nation Unite
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Transcript of 14.4 Workers of the Nation Unite
14.4 Workers of the Nation Unite
Objectives:1. Describe the exploitation of workers, including women and children2. Summarize the emergence and growth of unions.3. Identify the various types of unions.4. Explain the violent reactions to industry and government to union strikes.
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Impact of Industrialization
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Urbanization
Long Work Hours and Dangerous Jobs
Children work too
Women’s roles change Delayed marriages Smaller families
Accentuated class division 1900: 1/10 of US owns 9/10 of US’s wealth 1900: 2/3 of Americans are “wage slaves”
Workers’ lives increasingly precarious
Workers’ Poor Conditions
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Factories took the skill out of many positions
VERY dangerous 1882 – 675 laborers killed a
week RRs – 1 in 300
Many women and children worked to make ends meet
Children sacrificed their education
1899 – women earned $269 a year/men earned $498 That same year Carnegie
made $23 million!!
Knights of Labor
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Collective effort needed to counter trusts
“An injury to one is the concern of all”
Founded as a secret society in 1868. Why?
Inclusive and Diverse: men and women white and black skilled and unskilled
Broad (utopian? Socialist?) goals
HURT by Haymarket Square riot, 1886, Chicago
Knights of LaborBlack delegate Frank J. Farrell introduces Terence V. Powderly, head of the Knights of Labor, at the organization's 1886 convention. The Knights were unusual in accepting both black and female workers. (Library of Congress)
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1. The Knights of Labor were weakened by
a. Stiff competition from the National Labor Union
b. Its association in the public mind with the Haymarket riot
c. Its inclusion of both skilled and unskilled workers
American Federation of Labor
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Skilled workers split from Knights of Labor 1886
AF of L was elitist, narrow in goals – not utopian
Led by Samuel Gompers used collective bargaining
Avoided politics and focused on union goals: Better wages Eight-hour day Better working conditions
AF of L successful in many of its strikes and in meeting many of its goals
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KNIGHTS OF LABOR
AF of LABOR
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What did the video yesterday show about the responses to labor action during this period of industrialization?
SOCIALISM AND THE IWW
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Eugene V. Debs founds American Railway Union and opens it to all laborers
Debs embraces socialism
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) AKA Wobblies, organized by Debs for unskilled workers, socialist goals. Gave dignity and sense of
solidarity to unskilled workers barred from other groups
What is Socialism?
Why were people in favor of it?
STRIKES
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HOMESTEAD STRIKE
1892
STEEL STRIKEProtest work
& living conditions
Pinkerton Detectives
protect scabs,Several deaths
US troops end it
WEAKENS LABOR
HAYMARKET AFFAIR
1886
Labor marchBomb thrown
Several deaths
8 Anarchists arrested
4 hanged, 1 suicide
PUBLIC TURNS AGAINST
LABOR
PULLMAN STRIKE1893
Pullman Comp. cuts wages
during Panic of 1893
Does not raise after ends
Workers strike
US troops end it
Debs arrestedWorkers
BlacklistedLABOR WEAK
GREAT STRIKE OF 1877
Railroad strikeParalyzed rail & commerce
Pres. Hayes Sent US troops
to end it
CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT
Strikes Turn Violent
11http://www.edteck.com/dbq/dbquest/quest11.htm
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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
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What were some of the problems that led to the death of 145 in the fire?
EFFECTS:
54-hour maximum work week for women and minors
Prohibition on Sunday work
Abolition of labor for children under 14
Women and Govt. in the labor movements
WOMEN GOVERNMENT
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“Mother” Jones
Women began to organize labor movements
• Companies began to work to weaken unions.
• “Yellow Dog” contracts
• Claimed it hurt interstate commerce
• Public would become angry