13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11
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Transcript of 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11
Enhanced High-Speed Packet AccessHSPA+
Background: HSPA EvolutionHigher data ratesSignaling ImprovementsArchitecture Evolution/ Home NodeB
UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSPA+ (HSPA Evolution) Background
For operators deploying High Speed Packet Access (HSPA*) now, there is the need to continue enhancing the HSPA technology
3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) being standardized now, but not backwards compatible with HSPA412 HSDPA networks in service in 157 countries (Oct. 11)**Investment protection needed for current HSPA deployments
HSPA+ effort introduced in 3GPP in March 2006Initiated by 3G Americas & the GSMAHSPA+ defines a broad framework and set of requirements for the evolution of HSPA
Rel.-7: improvements mainly in downlinkRel.-8: mainly uplink enhancementsRel.-9/10: further improvements
*HSPA is the combination of HSDPA and HSUPA**http://www.4gamericas.org -> Statistics
HSPA+ introduced to continue focus on enhancements to HSPA
UMTS Networks 3Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSPA+ Goals
Based on the importance of the HSPA-based radio network, 3GPP agreed that HSPA+ should:
Provide spectrum efficiency, peak data rates & latency comparable to LTE in 5 MHz
Exploit full potential of the CDMA air interface before moving to OFDM
Allow operation in an optimized packet-only mode for voice and dataUtilization of shared channels only
Be backward compatible with Release 99 through Release 6Offer a smooth migration path to LTE/SAE through commonality, and facilitate joint technology operationIdeally, only need a simple infrastructure upgrade from HSPA to HSPA+HSPA evolution is two-fold
Improvement of the radioArchitecture evolution
Aggressive HSPA+ goals for enhancing HSPA
UMTS Networks 4Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Higher Order Modulations (HOMs)
HOMs increase the number of bits/symbols transmitted, thereby increasing the peak rate
BPSK 2 bits/symbol
16QAM 4 bits/symbol
64QAM 6 bits/symbol
Uplink Downlink
Increases the peak data rate in a high SNR environmentVery effective for micro cell and indoor deployments
UMTS Networks 5Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSPA+ (64 QAM & 2x2 MIMO*)
The use of Higher Order Modulations significantly increases the theoretical peak rates of HSPA
Provides data rate benefits for users in very good channel conditions (e.g. quasi-static or fixed users close to the cell center, lightly loaded conditions)
HSPA+ (16 QAM & 2x2 MIMO)
HSPA+ (64 QAM)
HSDPA (16 QAM)
14.0
21.1
28.0
HSPA+ (16 QAM)
HSUPA (BPSK)
11.5
5.74
Downlink
Uplink
Mb/s
Theoretical Max Peak Rates In Perfect RF Conditions
42.2
Higher order modulations provide peak rate benefits for users in very good channel conditions
*Part of 3GPP Rel-8
Equal to LTE peak rates in 5 MHz2x2 SU-MIMO + 64 QAM in DL
16-QAM in UL**
**Using 2 resource blocks for PUCCH and max prime factor restriction = 5
HOM Peak Rate Performance Benefits: DL 64-QAM & UL 16-QAM
UMTS Networks 6Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSDPA Performance with 64QAM
Without 64-QAM With 64-QAM Gain
Cell Throughput 6.9 Mbit/s 7.65 Mbit/s 10.7%
95%-tile User Throughput 7.1 Mbit/s 8.7 Mbit/s 22.5%
HOMs provide significant improvements for “hot spot” deployments
0
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Cat 10/ 15 users Cat 14/ 15 users
thro
ughp
ut/ k
bps
average user throughput 95% user throughput ave. cell throughput
Single micro-cell scenario, advanced receivers required
UMTS Networks 7Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
16-QAM for E-DCH
16-QAM being considered in the uplink for HSPA Evolution, for use with the 2ms TTI and with 4 multicodes (2xSF2 + 2xSF4)
Increases peak rate from 5.76 Mbps to 11.52 MbpsSimulation results showed:
16 QAM requires very high SNR at the receiver16 QAM can be used only in case of one single HSUPA active user per cell
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
SF2
SF2
SF4
SF4
I
Q
I
Q
SF2
SF4
16 QAM
I
Q
16 QAM
I
Q
UMTS Networks 8Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Coding/Modulation/Weighting/Mapping
Basic MIMO Channel
The MIMO channel consists of M Tx and N Rx antennasEach Tx antenna transmits a different signalThe signal from Tx antenna j is received at all Rx antennas iChannel capacity can increase linearly
CMIMO min{M,N} CSISO
Weighting/DemappingDemodulation/Decoding
M Tx N Rx
UMTS Networks 9Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
MIMO in HSPA+
Release 7 MIMO for HSDPA (D-TxAA)2 x 2 MIMO scheme4 rank-1 precoding vectors and 4 rank-2 precoding matrices are defined
The rank-2 matrices are unitary (the columns are orthogonal) The mobile reports the rank of the channel and the preferred precoding weights periodicallyDynamic switching between single stream and dual stream transmission is supported
Encode Channel interleave
Modulator(16QAM, QPSK)
V11
Encode Channel interleave
Modulator(16QAM, QPSK)
V22
V12
V21
Stream 1
Stream 2
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
UMTS Networks 10Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
MIMO Performance Benefits
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO scheme doubles peak rate from 14.4 Mbps to 28.8 Mbps2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides significant experienced peak, mean & cell edge user data rate benefits for isolated cells or noise/coverage limited cells2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides 20%-60% larger spectral efficiency than 1x2
00.250.5
0.751
1.251.5
1.752
Near Cell Center Average CellLocation
Cell Edge
Data
Rat
e G
ain
of M
IMO
vs.
S
ISO
fora
n Is
olat
ed C
ell SISO (1x1)
MIMO (2x2)
MIMO provides significant data rate and spectral efficiency benefits for isolated, noise limited cells
Note: All gains normalized to Near Cell Center SISO Data Rate
0
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Interference LimtedSystem
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tral E
ffici
ency
Gai
n (%
) of 2
x2
MIM
O o
ver 1
x2 L
MM
SE
UMTS Networks 11Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Overview of Dual Cell Operation
3GPP Rel-8 scope:The dual cell operation only applies to downlink HS-DSCH
Uplink traffic is carried in one frequencyThe two cells belong to the same Node-B and are on adjacent carriersThe two cells operate with a single TX antenna
Max two streams per user
Improvements in Rel.-9Dual-Band HSDPA MIMO in dual cell operationDual Cell uplink
Multi-carrier HSDPA
Node-B
F1UEF2
DLDL
5 MHz 5 MHz
UL5 MHz
2.1 GHzUL
UTRAN configures one of the cell as the serving cell for the uplink
UMTS Networks 12Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Dual Cell HSDPA Operation for Load Balancing
Dual Cell HSDPA can optimally balance the load on two HSDPA carriers by scheduling active users simultaneously or on least loaded carrier at given TTI
Simple traffic and capacity model
Avg Transfer size : 1000 kbytes
Avg Time between transfers : 60 sec
No gain at very high load
Dual Cell HSDPA operation versus Two legacy HSDPA carriers
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nb of users in sector footprint
Thro
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ut in
kbp
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Avg user throughput (2 HSDPA carriers)Avg Sector throughput (2 HSDPA carriers)Avg user throughput (Dual Cell HSDPA operation)Avg Sector throughput (Dual Cell HSDPA operation)
UMTS Networks 13Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Enhanced Layer-2 Support for High Data Rates
Release 6 RLC layer cannot support new peak rates offered by HSPA+ features such as MIMO & 64-QAM
RLC-AM peak rate limited to ~13 Mbps, even with aggressive settings for the RLC PDU size and RLC-AM window size
Release 7 introduces new Layer-2 features to improve HSDPA
Flexible RLC PDU sizeMAC-ehs layer segmentation/ reassembly (based on radio conditions)MAC-ehs layer flow multiplexing
Release 8 improves E-DCHMAC-i/ MAC-is
Layer-2 enhancements to support higher rates of HSPA+
Rel’7
2
1500 byte IP packet
RLC-AM
MAC-ehs
RLC-AM PDU
1500
15001
MAC-ehs PDU
Traffic flow i for user k
2
1500 byte IP packet
RLC-AM
RLC-AM PDU
1500
1500
Traffic flow j for user k
22 bits
802 802
1500 byte IP packet
RLC-AM
802
MAC-hs
802 802802
RLC-AM PDU
MAC-hs PDU
x19
..
.. Rel’6
Traffic flow i for user k
UMTS Networks 14Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
MAC-ehs in NodeB
MAC-ehs Functions (TS 25.321)Flow ControlScheduling/ Priority handlingHARQ handlingTFRC SelectionPriority Queue MuxSegmentation
MAC-ehs
MAC – Control
HS-DSCH
TFRC selection
Priority Queue distribution
Associated Downlink Signalling
Associated Uplink Signalling
MAC-d flows
Priority Queue
Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
Segmentation
Segmentation
Segmentation
Priority Queue MUX
HARQ entity
UMTS Networks 15Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSDPA – UE Physical Layer Capabilities
HS-DSCH Category
Maximum number of HS-DSCH multi-
codes
Supported Modulation Formats
Minimum inter-TTI interval
Maximum MAC-hs TB size
Total number of soft channel bits
Theoretical maximum data rate (Mbit/s)
Category 1 5 QPSK, 16QAM 3 7298 19200 1.2
Category 2 5 QPSK, 16QAM 3 7298 28800 1.2
Category 3 5 QPSK, 16QAM 2 7298 28800 1.8
Category 4 5 QPSK, 16QAM 2 7298 38400 1.8
Category 5 5 QPSK, 16QAM 1 7298 57600 3.6
Category 6 5 QPSK, 16QAM 1 7298 67200 3.6
Category 7 10 QPSK, 16QAM 1 14411 115200 7.2
Category 8 10 QPSK, 16QAM 1 14411 134400 7.2
Category 9 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 20251 172800 10.1
Category 10 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 27952 172800 14.0
Category 11 5 QPSK 2 3630 14400 0.9
Category 12 5 QPSK 1 3630 28800 1.8
Category 13 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 35280 259200 17.6
Category 14 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 42192 259200 21.1
Category 15 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 23370 345600 23.3
Category 16 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 27952 345600 28.0
Category 17 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM/ MIMO: QPSK, 16QAM
1 35280/23370
259200/345600
17.6/23.3
Category 18 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM/ MIMO: QPSK, 16QAM
1 42192/27952
259200/345600
21.1/28.0
Category 19 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 35280 518400 35.2
Category 20 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 42192 518400 42.2
cf. TS 25.306Note: UEs of Categories 15 – 20 support MIMO
UMTS Networks 16Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH – UE Physical Layer Capabilities
E-DCH Category
Max. num.Codes
Min SF EDCH TTI Maximum MAC-e TB size
Theoretical maximum PHY data rate (Mbit/s)
Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71
Category 2 2 SF4 10 msec/2 msec
14484/2798
1.45/1.4
Category 3 2 SF4 10 msec 14484 1.45
Category 4 2 SF2 10 msec/2 msec
20000/5772
2.0/2.89
Category 5 2 SF2 10 msec 20000 2.0
Category 6 4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec
20000/11484
2.0/5.74
Category 7(Rel.7)
4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec
20000/22996
2.0/11.5
NOTE 1: When 4 codes are transmitted in parallel, two codes shall be transmitted with SF2 and two codes with SF4NOTE 2: UE Category 7 supports 16QAM
cf. 25.306
UMTS Networks 17Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC)
Uplink DPCCH gating during inactivity significant reduction in UL interference
F-DPCH gating during inactivity
New uplink DPCCH slot format optimized for transmission DPCCH only
DataPilot
HS-SCCH-less transmission introduced to reduce signaling bottleneck for real-time-services on HSDPA
CPC significantly reduces control channel overhead for low bit rate real-time services (e.g. VoIP)
Prior to Rel-7
Rel-7 using CPC
DataPilot
UMTS Networks 18Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
CPC Performance Benefits
CPC provides up to a factor of two VoIP on HSPA capacity benefit compared to Rel-99 AMR12.2 circuit voice and 35-40% benefit compared to Rel-6 VoIP on HSPA
CPC provides significant VoIP on HSPA capacity benefits
0
0.5
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1.5
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2.5
3
AMR12.2 AMR7.95 AMR5.9VoIP
Cap
acity
Gai
n of
CPC
R'99 Circuit VoiceVoIP on HSPA (Rel'6)*VoIP on HSPA (CPC)*
Note: All capacity gains normalized to AMR12.2 Circuit Voice Capacity
* All VoIP on HSPA capacities assume two receive antennas in the terminal
UMTS Networks 19Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
“Always On” Enhancement of CPC
CPC allows UEs in CELL_DCH to “sleep” during periods of inactivity Reduces signaling load and battery consumption (in combination with DRX)
Allows users to be kept in CELL_DCH with HSPA bearers configuredNeed to page and re-establish bearers leads to call set up delay
CPC avoids re-establishment delays improves “always on” experience
Incomingcall Page UE
Paging Response
Re-establishbearers
Send data
Without CPC, users typically kept in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state to save radio resources and battery
UE in URA_PCH
CPC allows users to kept in CELL_DCH
Send data almostImmediately
(<50ms reactivation)
Incomingcall
UE in CELL_DCH
Avoids several hundred ms of call setup delay
CELL_FACH
CELL_DCH
UMTS Networks 20Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Enhanced CELL_FACH & Enhanced Paging Procedure
UEs are not always kept in CELL_DCH state, eventually fall back to CELL_PCH/URA_PCHHSPA+ introduces enhancements to reduce the delay in signaling the transition to CELL_DCH use of HSDPA in CELL_FACH and URA/CELL_PCH states instead of S-CCPCH
Enhanced CELL_FACHEnhanced Paging procedure
In Rel.-8 improved RACH procedureDirect use of HSUPA in CELL_FACH
Enhanced CELL_FACH/Paging/RACH reduces setup delay improves PoC
Incomingcall Page UE
Paging Response
Re-establish bearers
Send data
UE in URA_PCH
CELL_FACH
CELL_DCH
Use HSDPA for faster
transmission of signaling messages
2ms frame length with up to 4 retransmissions
UMTS Networks 21Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
E-RACH – High level description
RACH preamble ramping as in R’99 with AICH/E-AICH acknowledgementTransition to E-DCH transmission in CELL_FACH
Possibility to seamlessly transfer to Cell_DCHNodeB can control common E-DCH resource in CELL_FACH
Resource assignment indicated from NodeB to UE
10 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4p-
a
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4PRACH access slots
10 ms
Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
Transmission starts with power ramping
on preamble reserved for E-DCH
access
NodeB responds by allocating common E-DCH
resources
UE starts common E-DCH transmission.
F-DPCH for power control, E-AGCH for rate control, E-HICH for HARQ
UMTS Networks 22Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSPA+ Architecture Evolution
Integration of some or all RNC functions into the NodeB provides benefits in terms of:Network simplicity (fewer network elements)Latency (fewer handshakes, particularly in combination with One-Tunnel)Synergy with LTE (serving GW, MME, eNB)
Backwards compatible with legacy terminalsCentral management of common resources
NodeB
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Traditional HSPA Architecture
User Plane
Control Plane
HSPA+ offers flexibility for a flatter network architecture option
NodeB
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
HSPA with One-Tunnel Architecture
NodeB+
SGSN
GGSN
HSPA+ with One-Tunnel Architecture for PS services
UMTS Networks 23Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Evolved HSPA Architecture – Full RNC/NodeB collapse
2 deployment scenarios: standalone UTRAN or carrier sharing with “legacy” UTRAN
EvolvedHSPA NodeB
SGSN
GGSN
Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control
plane: Iu
Iur
EvolvedHSPA NodeB
SGSN
GGSN
Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control
plane: Iu
Iur
RNC
NodeBNodeB
” Legacy”UTRAN
Iu
Evolved HSPA - stand-alone Evolved HSPA - with carrier sharing
EvolvedHSPA NodeB
SGSN
GGSN
Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control
plane: Iu
Iur
EvolvedHSPA NodeB
SGSN
GGSN
Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control
plane: Iu
RNC
NodeBNodeB
” Legacy”UTRAN
Iu
Evolved HSPA - stand-alone Evolved HSPA - with carrier sharing
UMTS Networks 24Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Home NodeB – Background
Home NodeB (aka Femtocell) located at the customers premise
Connected via customers fixed line (e.g. DSL)Small power (~100mW) to only provide coverage inside/ close to the building
AdvantagesImproved coverage esp. indoorSingle device for home/ on the moveSpecial billing plans (e.g. home zone)
ChallengesInterferenceSecurityCosts
IP Network
UE
Gateway
OperatorCN
UMTS Networks 25Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
CN Interface
Iuh
Iu-CS/PS
Home NodeB architecture principles based on extending Iu interface down to HNB (new Iuh interface)
Approach
Leverage Standard CN Interfaces (Iu-CS/PS)
Minimise functionality within Gateway
Move RNC Radio Control Functions to Home NodeB and extend Iu NAS & RAN control layers over IP network
Features
Security architecture
Plug-and-Play approach
Femto local control protocol
CS User Plane protocol
PS User Plane protocol
FMS interface
RNC RAN GW
NodeB HNB
RAN Gateway Approach with new “Iuh” Interface
Mobile CS/PS Core
UMTS Networks 26Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Summary
Enhancements for HSDPA & E-DCH specified in UMTS Rel.-7 & 8Investment protection for HSPA operatorsFill the gap before deployment of LTEProvide alternative to LTE in some selected scenarios
Improvements on capacity and performanceHigher peak data ratesSignaling improvementsArchitecture evolution
HSPA+ features were designed to provide a smooth evolution from Rel-99 or Rel-5/Rel-6 HSPA by enabling:
Backwards compatibilityLegacy Rel-99/Rel-5/Rel-6 terminals can be supported on an HSPA+ carrier simultaneously with HSPA+ trafficNew HSPA+ terminals likely with support Rel-99 and/or Rel-5/Rel-6 HSPA
Simple upgrade of existing infrastructure (for both HW & SW)Further improvements in Rel.-9 & 10 to further increase peak data rate
E.g. Dual Cell E-DCH (Rel.-9), 4 cell HSDPA (Rel.-10)Meanwhile, 164 HSPA+ networks in service in 81 countries (Oct. 11)**
UMTS Networks 27Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
HSPA+ References
Papers:H. Holma et al: “HSPA Evolution,” Chapter 15 in Holma/ Toskala: “WCDMA for UMTS,” Wiley 2010R. Soni et al: “Intelligent Antenna Solutions for UMTS: Algorithms and Simulation Results,” Communications Magazine, October 2004, pp. 28–39
StandardsTS 25.xxx series: RAN AspectsTR 25.308 “HSDPA: UTRAN Overall Description (Stage 2)”TR 25.319 “Enhanced Uplink: Overall Description (Stage 2)”TR 25.903 “Continuous Connectivity for Packet Data Users”TR 25.876 “Multiple-Input Multiple Output Antenna Processing for HSDPA”TR 25.999 “HSPA Evolution beyond Release 7 (FDD)”TR 25.820 (Rel.-8) “3G Home NodeB Study Item Technical Report”
UMTS Networks 28Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011
Abbreviations
AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAMR Adaptive Multi-RateBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingCLTD Closed Loop Transmit DiversityCPC Continuous Packet ConnectivityCQI Channel Quality InformationDSL Digital Subscriber LineE-RACH Enhanced Random Access ChannelF-DPCH Fractional Dedicated Physical Control
ChannelGW GatewayHNB Home NodeBHOM Higher Order ModulationHSPA High-Speed Packet-AccessIA Intelligent AntennaLTE Long Term EvolutionMAC-ehs enhanced high-speed Medium Access
ControlMAC-i/is improved E-DCH Medium Access
ControlMIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
Mux Multiplexing
PARC Per Antenna Rate Control
PCI Precoding Control Information
PDU Protocol Data Unit
Rx Receive
RTT Round Trip Time
SDU Service Data Unit
SAE System Architecture Evolution
S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel
SDMA Spatial-Division Multiple-Access
SINR Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio
SISO Single-Input Single-Output
SM Spatial Multiplexing
Tx Transmit
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
16QAM 16 (state) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
64QAM 64 (state) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation