1200 kV system
Transcript of 1200 kV system
DESIGN OF 1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE
R. N. Nayak, Executive Director
M. Krishnakumar, General Manager
Anish Anand, Chief Design Engineer
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.Gurgaon, INDIA
Indian Power System – 2025 & Beyond• Peak Demand : 4,50,000 MW (3
times of 2012)• Installed Capacity : 6,00,000MW
(3 times of 2012)• Power from ER/NER to
NR/WR/SR : 80,000-90,000 MW (4 times of 2012)
• Inter Regional Capacity : 1,40,000MW (3.5 times of 2012)
• Next Level Transmission Network i.e. 1200kV UHVAC Network
• Main Transmission Level : 1200kV UHVAC/800kV HVDC Network
• 765kV EHVAC and 500kV HVDC System would be used as support Tr. Network
• 400kV AC System would be used as Sub-transmission Network
RAICHUR VIJAYAWADA
MADRAS
TEHRI
BANGALORE
HYDERABAD
DHULE
ITARSI
BINA
JAIPUR LUCKNOW
JEYPORE
KISHENPUR
AGRA
MOGA
BAREILLY
DEHGAM
LEGEND
MEERUT
1200KV UHVAC LINES
765KV UHVAC LINES
800kV HVDC BIPOLE
SATNA
SEONI
SASARAM
SIPAT
GWALIORBALIA
KOTA
RANCHI
WARDHA
SOLAPUR
PUNE
NKSTPP
FATEHPUR
SASAN
INDORE
GAYA
MUNDKA
IB VALLEY
PURNEA
MUMBAI
SILIGURINERPOOLINGPOINT
DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF 1200 KV TRANSMISSION
LINE
Review ofExisting systems
& Practices
Bundle Conductor studies
Selection of clearances
Insulator string design
Tower Configuration
Analysis
Tower Design Study
Tower Fdn. Design/Study
Line Cost & Optimization
Economic Evaluation Of
Line
Results
TYPICAL TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FLOW CHART
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- STUDIES UNDERTAKEN
PRELIMINARY STUDIES UNDERTAKEN
Clearances & Tower Configuration Analysis
Thermal Rating & Surge Impedance Loading
Conductor Surface Gradients & Corona Onset-gradients
Insulation / insulator string design
Electric Fields at ground
Interference PerformanceRadio InterferenceAudible Noise
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- STUDIES UNDERTAKEN
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLES ANALYSED
Hexagonal ACSR Lapwing (Conductor Dia. 38.16 mm)
Octagonal ACSR Moose (Conductor Dia. 31.77 mm)
Octagonal ACSR Bersimis(Conductor Dia. 35.05 mm)
Octagonal ACSR Lapwing(Conductor Dia. 38.16 mm)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONFIGURATION FEATURES
Basic Configuration : I – V – I ; Delta
Air-gap / Live – metal Clearance Requirements
Power Frequency Clearance : 2.3 m (under Maxm. Swing – 55 deg)
Switching Surge Clearance : 10 m (under stationary condition / Swing – 10 deg)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONFIGURATION FEATURES
Insulation Requirements Total Required Creepage Distance : 21600 mm (18 mm/kV)
Insulation / String length : 10 / 11 m
Required Number of Insulators 320 kN : 55 Nos.
(195 mm spacing, 390/400 mm creepage)
420 kN : 50 Nos.
(205 mm spacing, 525 mm creepage)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONFIGURATION FEATURES
Phase to Phase SpacingMinimum Electrical Requirement : 12 m
Phase to Phase spacing based on Live-metal clearances : 27.5 - 30 m
Ground Clearance Minimum Ground Clearance as per IE Rules : 16 m
Ground Clearance proposed : 23 m (based on 10 kV/m electric field limit)
25 m
20 m
77m
15 m 15 m
16 m
12 m
11 m
15 m Sag
GCL = 23 m
2.3 m
10 m
1200 kV Tower ConfigurationConfiguration Considered: I V I – Delta
4°
10°55°
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONFIGURATION FEATURES
Right of Way RequirementsMinimum Horizontal Clearance as per IE Rules : 13 m
Right of way Requirement : 100 m (based on 13 m clearance & maximum Swing – 55 deg)
Right of way Requirement based on Electric Field Limitation : 110 m
(considering 2 kV/m electric field limit)
Lateral Distribution of Electric Field for 1200 kV & 765 kV Transmission Line
02468
1012
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Distance from Centre Line (m)
Elec
tric
Fie
ld a
t 1.8
m
abov
e gr
ound
(k
V/m
)
1200 kV TL 765 kV TL
25 m
20 m
77m
15 m 15 m
16 m
12 m
11 m
15 m Sag
GCL = 23 m
2.3 m
10 m
1200 kV Transmission LineRight of Way
4°
10°55°
Minm.Clearance
13 m
Right of Way = 100 m
50 m
35 m
55°
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
Conductor Surface Gradients & Corona Onset Gradients for 1200 kV Line
Conductor-bundle Conductor Surface Gradient (kV/cm)
Corona On-set Gradient (kV/cm)
Mean Max Fair Weather
Foul Weather
1 Hexa Lapwing 14.76 17.84 20.73 14.642 Octa Moose 14.34 17.01 21.10 14.893 Octa Bersimis 13.02 15.70 20.89 14.754 Octa Lapwing 12.00 14.67 20.73 14.64
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)-Horizontal 15.77 18.33 20.89 14.75
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta 14.9 17.3 20.89 14.75
Alt
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
Radio Interference for 1200 kV Line
Conductor-bundle Radio Interference (dB/1uV/m)
Max. At 50m ROW
1 Hexa Lapwing 45.8 38.42 Octa Moose 39.1 31.63 Octa Bersimis 36.5 29.14 Octa Lapwing 34.8 27.4
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)-Horizontal 50.9 38.5 (at 42.5m)
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta 46.8 40.4(at 32m)
Alt
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
Audible Noise for 1200 kV LineConductor-bundle Audible Noise (dBA)
–L5 levelAudible Noise (dBA) –L50 level
Max At 50m ROW
Max At 50m ROW
1 Hexa Lapwing 64.6 62.0 62.5 59.82 Octa Moose 61.3 58.6 57.6 54.93 Octa Bersimis 60.3 57.6 55.9 53.24 Octa Lapwing 59.4 56.7 54.4 51.6
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)-Horizontal
60.5 56.9(at 42.5m)
57.8 54.2(at
42.5m)Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta 59.1 56.9
(at 32m)55.9 53.7
(at 32m)
Alt
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS
Octagonal ACSR Moose
Octagonal ACSR Bersimis
Lateral Distribution of Radio Interferencefor 1200 kV Transmission Line
20
25
30
35
40
45
-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60
Distance from Centre Line (m)
Rad
io In
terf
eren
ce
(dB
/1uV
/m)
Octa Bersimis
Octa Moose
Lateral Distribution of Audible Noisefor 1200 kV Transmission Line
50
52
54
56
58
60
-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60
Distance from Centre Line (m)
Aud
ible
Noi
se -
L50
W
et (d
BA
)
Octa Bersimis
Octa Moose
Acceptable Radio Interference levels : 40-45 dB/1uV/m
Acceptable Audible Noise levels : 55 – 58 dBA
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
Conductor Current Carrying Capacity & Thermal rating of 1200 kV Line
Conductor-bundle Conductor Current carrying capacity (Amp) – Ambient Temp. 45 deg C
Thermal Rating of 1200 kV Line (MVA)
Maxm. Conductor Temp. 75 deg C 85 deg C 75 deg C 85 deg C
1 Octa Moose 614 787 10209 13086
2 Octa Bersimis 710 917 11806 15248
Alt
Thermal Rating of 1200 kV Line : More than 10000 MVA
Surge Impedance Loading of 1200 kV Line : Around 6000 MW
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGNTECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 1200 kV AC LINE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATANominal System Voltage 1200 kV
Maximum Voltage 1250 kV
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet) 2100 kV
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage > 3000 kVp
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLEConductor-bundle Octagonal ACSR Bersimis / Moose
457-600 mm spacing
ELECTRICAL CLEARANCESPower Frequency live-metal clearance 2.3 m (55 deg swing)
Switching surge clearance (1.75 pu) 10 m (Stationary/10 deg swing)
Phase to Phase Spacing 27.5-30 m
Ground Clearance 23 m (10 kV/m elect field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGSFor Suspension Towers (I – V – I) I- Double Suspension, 300/320 kN
(2x55), V – Single V, 420 kN (2x50)
For Tension Towers Quad Tension, 320 kN (4x55)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN
Preliminary Line Design ConsiderationsWind Zone – 4 (47 m/sec basic wind speed)
Reliability Level – 2 (150 yr. return period loads)
Ruling Span – 400 m
Maxm. Wind Span – 400 m ; Maxm. Weight Span – 600 m
Estimated Tower WeightStandard Suspension Tower : I-V-I Octa Bersimis : 53 MT
Octa Moose : 50 MT( Comparative 765 kV Suspension Tower Wt. : 23 MT)
Estimated Transmission Line Cost : Rs. 30 – 33 million/km
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV
1200 kV Tower Size : Approx. 30% more than 765 kV
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVPower Flow Capacity - Thermal Rating
3800
12000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1
Ther
mal
Rat
ing
(MVA
)
765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVPower Flow - Surge Impedance Loading
2000
6000
01000200030004000500060007000
1
SIL
(MW
) 765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
POWER FLOW CAPACITY
Thermal Rating : 3 Times
SIL : 3 Times
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV
RIGHT OF WAY
Right of Way Requirement : Approx. 55% more
Power Flow per Unit ROW : 2 Times
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVRight of Way Requirement
64
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1
RO
W (m
) 765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVRight of Way Utilization
30
60
0
20
40
60
80
1Pow
er F
low
- SIL
per
uni
t R
OW
(M
W/m
) 765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
ROW Utilization
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVCost Effectiveness
7500
5500
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1Line
Cos
t per
uni
t Pow
er
Flow
- SI
L (R
s/km
-MW
)
765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
LINE COST
Capital Line Cost : 2 – 2.2 Times
Line Cost per Unit Power Flow : Approx. 70 %
COST EFFECTIVENESS
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kVCapital Line Cost
15
33
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
Estim
ated
Lin
e C
ost
(Rs
mill
ion/
km)
765 kV Line
1200 kV Line
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- Detailed Studies
Detailed Studies to be undertaken in respect of followingReliability considerations
Air-Gap Optimization
Insulation Co-ordination
Switching Surge Control
Capital cost & line optimization
Right of Way reduction measures
Alternate insulation systems
Low noise conductor
Asymmetrical conductor-bundle
Expandable (variable) conductor-bundle
THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU
EVOLUTION OF INDIAN TRANSMISSION GRID
TRANSMISSION GRID AT THE TIME OF INDEPENDENCE
• Installed Capacity : 1349 MW
• Local Grid Feeding to Local Load
• No State/ Regional Grid
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
DELHI
KOLKATA
• 1960s - State Grids • 1970s - Regional Grids• 2000 - Limited Inter- Regional
Capacity
TRANSMISSION GRID DEVELOPMENT OVER THE
YEARS
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
• Late 1970s - First 400 kV Lines• 1980s onward – Standardized 400
kV Lines (twin bundle)• Late 1980s-1990 – First 500 kV
HVDC Line• Late 1990s-2000 – First 765 kV
Lines • Triple Bundle 400 kV Lines
400 kV Twin Bundle Transmission Lines 400 kV Triple Bundle Transmission Line
765 kV S/C Transmission Line(Horizontal Configuration)
+/- 500 kV HVDC Transmission Line
POWER MAP OF INDIA NATIONAL GRID BY 2007
• Peak Demand : 1,00,000 MW• Installed Capacity :
1,40,000MW• Inter Regional Capacity :
18,400MW• Power Mainly Flows on
400kV Network• 765 kV UHVAC Line in
operation
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
• 765 kV Delta Configuration Lines
• 400 kV Quad Bundle Lines• 400 kV Multi-circuit Lines• 400 kV Pole Structures
400 kV Multi-circuit Transmission Line
400 kV D/C Pole Structure
765 kV S/C Transmission Line(Delta Configuration)
INDIAN TRANSMISSION GRID – FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
POWER MAP OF INDIANATIONAL GRID BY 2012
• Peak Demand : 1,57,000 MW (1.5 times of 2007)
• Installed Capacity : 2,12,000MW (1.5 times of 2007)
• Power from ER/NER to NR/WR/SR : 20,000-25,000 MW (4 times of 2007)
• Inter Regional Capacity : More than 40,000MW (2.5 times of 2012)
• Strong 765kV EHVAC Network with backup 400kV Network
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
• +/- 800 kV 6000 MW HVDC
+/- 800 KV HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE TOWER
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- Calculations
Power Frequency ClearanceMinm. Air-gap , L = Sqrt(2/3)*1200*1.1/(500*0.95)
= 2.3 mBasis : 500 kV/m – Discharge gradient of air gap
1.1 – factor for decrease in strength of total v/s single gap
0.95 – air density correction factor (assumed)
Switching Surge ClearanceCFO = 1.32*1.75*sqrt(2/3)*1200 = 2263 kV
Basis : Switching surge S2 = 1.75pu, σs = 10% , σ = 5%
Switching surge flashover rate : 1 per 1000
R = CFO/S2 = 1.32 (From EPRI)
Air-gap , D = 10 mBasis : EPRI Formula CFO = 1.2 * 3400 / (1 + 8/D)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- Calculations
Minimum Ground Clearance as per IE RulesGround Clearance = 5.2 + 0.3 * (1200 – 33)/33
= 16 mMinimum Horizontal Clearance as per IE Rules
Ground Clearance = 2.0 + 0.3 * (1200 – 33)/33
= 13 mCorona On-set Gradients
Ec = 21 * m *б * (1 + 0.3 /sqrt(б* r)) kV/cmBasis : б = Air density = 0.95
r = conductor radius in cm
m = surface roughness factor
=0.85 for fair weather
= 0.6 for foul weather
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
Parameters ACSR Moose ACSR Bersimis ACSR Lapwing
Stranding 54/3.53mm Al+7/3.53mm St
42/4.57mm Al+7/2.54mm St
45/4.77mm Al+7/3.18mm St
Conductor Dia (mm) 31.77 35.05 38.16
Weight (kg/m) 2.004 2.181 2.667
UTS (kN) 161 154 188Rdc @ 20 deg C (ohm/km)
0.05552 0.0418 0.036
CONDUCTOR PARAMETERS
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTSTECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 800 kV HVDC LINE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA
System Voltage +/- 800 kV DC
Maximum Voltage 820 kV
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet) 1850 kV
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage 2250 kVpeak
Minm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry) 880 kV
RIV at 1 MHz for 22 kV/cm conductor surface gradient (under dry condition)
1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE
Conductor-bundle Hexa ACSR Lapwing457 mm spacing
ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES
Live-metal clearance 6.5 m
Pole to Pole Spacing 25-28 m
Ground Clearance 18-20 m (15 kV/m charge free elect field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGS
For Suspension Towers (V – V) Single V Suspension, 400/420 kN(2x61)
For Tension Towers Quad Tension, 300/320 kN (4x61)
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 765 KV S/C LINE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA
Nominal Voltage 765 kV
Maximum System Voltage 800 kV
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (Wet) 830 kVrms
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet) 1550 kVrms
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage 2400 kVpeak
Minm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry) 510 kVrms
RIV at 1 MHz for 510 kVrms phase to earth 1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE
Conductor-bundle Quad ACSR Bersimis457 mm spacing
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 765 KV S/C LINEELECTRICAL CLEARANCES
Power Frequency live-metal clearance 1.3 m (55 deg swing)Switching surge clearance (1.75 pu) 4.4 m (25 deg swing)Air-gap/stationary live-metal clearance 5.1 / 5.6 m Phase to Phase Spacing 15 mGround Clearance 15 m
(10 kV/m elect field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGSFor Suspension Towers (I – V – I) I- Double Suspension, 120
kN (2x40)V – Single V, 210 kN (2x35)
For Tension Towers Quad Tension, 210 kN(4x35)
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 500 kV HVDC LINESELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA
System Voltage +/- 500 kV DCMaximum Voltage 525 kVPower Frequency Withstand Voltage (Wet) 700 kVSwitching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet) 1000 kVLightning Impulse Withstand Voltage 1800 kVpeakMinm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry) 550 kVRIV at 1 MHz for 22 kV/cm conductor surface gradient (under dry condition)
1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLEConductor-bundle Quad ACSR Bersimis
Quad ACSR Lapwing457 mm spacing
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS
TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 500 KV HVDC LINES
ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES
Live-metal clearance 3.75 m
Pole to Pole Spacing 12.5 – 13.5 m
Ground Clearance 12.5 m (10 kV/m charge free elect
field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGS
For Suspension Towers (V – V) Single V Suspension, 160/210 kN (2x38/41)
For Tension Towers Quad Tension, 160/210 kN(4x38/41)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- Variations in TL Parameters w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing
1200 kV Transmission Line Parameters- Variation w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing
0.180.2
0.220.240.260.280.3
300 450 600 750 900
Sub-conductor Spacing (mm)
Indu
ctiv
e/C
apac
itive
R
eact
ance XL (Ohms/km)
XC (Ohms-km)
1200 kV Transmission Line Parameters - Variations w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing
200
225
250
275
300
300 450 600 750 900
Sub-conductor Spacing (mm)
Surg
e Im
peda
nce
(Ohm
s)
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Surg
e Im
peda
nce
Load
ing
(MW
)SISIL
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN- CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES
CONDUCTOR – BUNDLES ADOPTED IN OTHER COUNTRIES FOR 1000 - 1200 KV LINES
Country System Voltage Conductor-Bundle Adopted
ITALY 1000 kV Octagonal 31.5 mm ACSR
JAPAN 1000 kV Octagonal 36.4 / 34.2 mm ACSR
USA (BPA) 1200 kV Octagonal 42.4 mm
USSR 1200 kV Octagonal 24.1 mm
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTSComparative
Line CostCost as per FR
Quad ACSR Bersimis
Octa ACSR Bersimis Factor
Octa ACSR Moose Factor
765 kV S/C line
per km cost (765 kV)
per km cost-estimated
per km cost-estimated
(Rs lacs) (Rs lacs/km) (Rs lacs/km) (Rs lacs/km)325 kms
Tower Steel 15833 48.72 112.26 2.30 106.88 2.19
Conductor 15007 46.18 92.35 2.00 84.70 1.83
Earthwire 194 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00
Insulator 2390 7.35 23.11 3.14 23.11 3.14
Hardware Fittings 1270 3.91 7.82 2.00 7.82 2.00
Conductor & E/W Acc 500 1.54 3.08 2.00 3.08 2.00
Sub-total Supply 35194 108.29 239.21 226.18
F&I & Taxes 4526 13.93 30.76 29.09
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTSComparative
Line CostCost as per FR
Quad ACSR Bersimis
Octa ACSR Bersimis Factor
Octa ACSR Moose Factor
765 kV S/C line
per km cost (765 kV)
per km cost-estimated
per km cost-estimated
(Rs lacs) (Rs lacs/km) (Rs lacs/km) (Rs lacs/km)325 kms
Erection 1564 4.81 11.09 2.30 10.56 2.19
Stringing 1071 3.30 6.59 2.00 6.59 2.00
Civil works 5321 16.37 37.73 2.30 35.92 2.19
River X-ing 473 1.46 3.35 2.30 3.19 2.19
Total Cost 48149 148.15 328.74 2.22 311.53 2.10
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN
1200 KV VIS-A-VIS 765 KV
1200 KV S/C LINE 765 KV S/C LINE COMPARISONPOWER FLOW CAPACITY – THERMAL RATING
Approx. 12000 MVA Approx. 3800 MVA Approx. 3 times
POWER FLOW – SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING
Approx. 6000 MVA Approx. 2000 MVA Approx. 3 times
RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) REQUIREMENT
100 m 64 m Approx. 55 % more
CAPITAL LINE COST
Approx. Rs. 30-33 million per km
Approx. Rs. 15 million per km
Approx. 2 – 2.2 times
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN
1200 KV VIS-A-VIS 765 KV
1200 KV S/C LINE 765 KV S/C LINE COMPARISON
RIGHT OF WAY UTILIZATIONNormal Power Flow per Unit ROW
Approx. 60 MVA per m
Approx. 30 MVA per m
Approx. 2 times
COST EFFECTIVENESSLine Cost per Unit Power Flow
Approx. Rs. 5000-5500 per km per
MVA
Approx. Rs. 7500 per km per MVA
Approx. 70 %
GROWTH OF POWERGRID
Growth achieved through Internal resources & Borrowings
634983
2533
355428312805
1770
1009
236 275643
444748 786
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Rs. in Crore
TurnoverNet ProfitTurnover & Profit
46461
22228
27244
35119
40289
4945944836
54400
34288
28820
12,201
22748
55100
507454775746245
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
MVA CKMs
Circuit Kms & Transformation Capacity
35215492
8851
13877
1987621930
24888
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1992-93
1995-96
1998-99
2001-02
2002-03
2004-05
2005-06
Rs. in CroreAsset Base
Manpower
6167
66246811
69236828 6881
7103
5600
5800
6000
6200
6400
6600
6800
7000
7200
Transferred
Manpower1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Year ---->
No.
of E
mpl
oyee
s ---
-->
Growth in last 13 years Transformation Capacity - 345 %Circuit Kilometer - 148 %Asset Growth POWERGRID - 606 %Turnover - 460 %Profit - 328 %Manpower - 15 %