12: RIZAL IN JAPAN (FEB-APR 1888)

I am inviting you live with us at the Spanish Legation, Pepe!

Certainly! This will be

economical on my part.

Besides, I have nothing to hide

IMPRESSION ON JAPAN

RICKSHAW

Legation Gate

O-SEI-SAN

English & French?

No woman, like you, has ever loved me

and sacrificed for me.

I.No woman, like you, has ever loved me and sacrificed for me.

YOU TEMPT ME!

LEFT JAPAN: APRIL 13, 1888

ARRIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO: APRIL 28, 1888

TRAVEL TIME FROM JAPAN TO US: 16 DAYS

a champion of human rights

was forced by the Japanese government to leave his country

Storm over the Sea, which resembles Noli Me Tangere and The Big Ocean, which resembles El Filibusterismo

Tetcho Suehiro

13: RIZAL IN UNITED STATES (LESS THAN A MONTH)

SHIP WITH COOLIES

To win the votes of the whites in California (election was near), the administration: impeded the entry of Chinese coolies

Oakland

Nevada

Utah

Denver, Colorado

Nebraska

Missouri River

Illinois

Niagara Falls

Albany, New York

POSITIVEThe opportunities for better

life offered to poor immigrants

Material progress of the country as shown in great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, busy factories

Drive and energy of the American people

Natural beauty of the landHigh standard of living

NEGATIVEAmerica is a land par

excellence of freedom but only for the whites

IMPRESSION OF AMERICA

14: RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-89)

TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

It was necessary to discuss the past!To awaken our past

consciousnessTo rectify what has

been removed from our culture

annotations that showed the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to the Spanish conquest

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles). – Antonio de Morga

TERMS OF ENDEARMENT?

Rizal called her“Gettie

she called him“Pettie”

Rizal suddenly realized that he could not marry Gettie: for he had a

mission to fulfill in life

Boarder: Beckett Family (Gertrude)

Persecution of the Filipino patriotswho signed the “Anti-Friar Petition of 1888”

BAD NEWS FROM HOME

Persecution of the Calamba tenants, including Rizal’s family and relatives:for their courage

to petition the government for agrarian reforms.

Furious attacks on Rizal by some Senators

in the Spanish Cortes

by some media men in Spanish newspapers

Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina:was exiled by Governor

General Weyler to Bohol without due process of law.

A friend of Rizal, Laureano Viado, a medical student at the University of Santo Tomas, was arrested and jailed in Bilibid Prisonbecause copies of the

Noli were found in his house

Rev. Vicente Garcia’s defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars

Rizal’s letter to Garcia:From time to time turn our

gaze upon our elders.We shall wish to read in

their countenances approval of our actions

To learn of the Philippines’ past which we need to understand in order to plan intelligently for the future

GOOD NEWS

MARIANO PONCE & MORGA'S BOOK

Filipinos in Barcelona who were planning to establish a patriotic society which would cooperate in the crusade for reformsThis society, called Associacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association)

Rizal: honorary President (recognition of his leadership)

LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE

Tolerance should prevail:when it concerns trifles that do not affect the essential part of a thing

No one should resent defeat

The individual should give way to the welfare of the society

Advice of Jose

A great deal of integrity and much good willNo member should

expect rewards or honors for what he does

expect to be later treated unjustlybecause in

anomalous countries, injustice is the prize for those who fulfill their duties.

Advice of Jose

GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA

Graciano Lopez Jaena (VICE-PRESIDENT)founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona

served as: the organ of the Propaganda Movement

"THE NEWSPAPER"

To work peacefully :for political and social reforms

To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them

Aims of La Solidaridad:

To oppose:the evil forces of reaction

and medievalismTo advocate:

liberal ideas and progressTo champion the legitimate

aspirations of the Filipino people:to life, democracy, and

happiness

Aims of La Solidaridad

See that the periodical is: just, honest, and

truthful so that its opinion may always be respected

It is necessary that we show our enemies:that we are more

worthy than they, morally and humanly speaking.

Jose's letter to Jaena

Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers)deplorable conditions in the

Philippines which cause the backwardness of the country

The Filipino farmer has to struggle not only against petty tyrants and robbers

After the floods, locusts, fires, bad harvests: The farmer capitalist has to deal with

the constable who takes away from his laborers for personal service

Civil guard who arrests them for various reasons: to clean the barracks

FIRST ARTICLE IN LA SOLIDARIDAD

“Dimas Salang” = satire depicting a spirited dialogue between St. Augustine and Fr. Rodriguezto write more stupidity so that all men may laugh at him.

WRITINGS IN LONDON

To praise the young ladies of Malolos: for their courage to

establish a school where they could learn Spanish

despite the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, Spanish Parish Priest of Malolos

Main points of the letter:A Filipino Mother should

teach her children love of God, fatherland, and mankind

"letter to the young women of Malolos"

The Filipino Mother should be glad, like the Spartan motherto offer her sons in the

defense of fatherland.A Filipino woman

should know how:to preserve her dignity

and honor

Main points of the letter

A Filipino woman should: educate herself, aside

from retaining her good racial virtues

Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures:but rather it is living the

real Christian way, with good morals and good manners

Main points of the letter

1. Low words are stronger than loud words

2. New king, new fashion

3. The poor gets poorer, the rich richer

4. Man promises while in need

5. He who believes in tales has no own mind

6. The saving man may afterwards be cheerful

7. The most difficult to rouse from sleep is the man who pretends to be asleep

8. The fish is caught through the mouth

9. The sleeping shrimp is carried away by the current

10. While a people preserves its language; it preserves the marks of liberty.

11. It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without becoming a part of any edifice.

12. There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves.

Articles of Rizal: Trubner's Record (journal to Asian studies) Proverbs

I am brave against two, coward against one

He carries me, I carry him A deep well filled with steel blades

Puzzles

Prometheus BoundThe Triumph of Death over Life (given to Blumentritt)

The Triumph of Science over Death (given to Blumentritt)

A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters

SCULPTURAL WORKS