12 Impacts of Tourism

8/16/2019 12 Impacts of Tourism

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Topic 12

IMPACTS OF TOURISM:Sociocultural and Environmental



Introduction

• The lecture will look at a diferent and, inmany ways, darker side o the tourismbusiness

– Its impact( other than in purely economicterms ) on those who participate in tourismand the residents o countries subject totourist ows

– This will mean looking at both socioculturalissues afecting hosts and tourists and theimpact o tourism on the individual touristshealth



Lei!lation and "uidanceProtectin t#e Touri!t $e!tination

• !wareness o the need or "#!$$I$%

• !uthorities ailed to distinguishbetween cultural and environmentalimpacts&

• 'rigins o sustainable tourism

legislation cover both



Lei!lation %contd&'

• ustainable tourism

•

co*tourism

• %reen tourism

• ot tourism

•

+esponsible tourism



Re!pon!i(le touri!m

• underpinning a properly thought outa management strategy

• collaboration between private andpublic sectors

• to prevent irreparable damage to theenvironment



)alancin !ociocultural andenvironmental element!

& -sing resources sustainably

.& +educing over consumption and waste

/& 0aintaining diversity

1& Integrating tourism in to planning

2& upporting local economics

3& Involving local economies

4& 5onsulting stakeholders and public6& Training staf

7& 0arketing tourism responsibly

8&-ndertaking research



AITO "uideline! *or Em(racinRe!pon!i(le Touri!m

• "rotection o the environment 9 ora,auna, landscapes

• +espect or local cultures 9 traditions,

religions and the built heritage

• conomic and social bene:ts or localcommunities

• 5onservation o natural resources, romthe o;ce to the destination

• 0inimum pollution caused by noise,

waste disposal and congestion&



T#e Sociocultural E+ect!O* Touri!m

• The ociocultural impact o masstourism is most noticeable in lessdeveloped countries

• The impact is dependent on not justnumbers but also the kinds o touristthe region attracts

t t



eve ! o aptat on oTouri!t! to Local ,orm!

%Smit#- 1..2'T/pe o* touri!t!,um(er o*

touri!t!Adaptation! to

local norm!

E0plorer er/ limited Adapt! *ull/

Elite Rarel/ !een Adapt! *ull/

O+(eat Uncommon- (ut!een

Adapt! 3ell

Unu!ual Occa!ionalAdapt!

!ome3#at

Incipient ma!! Stead/ 4o3See5! 3e!tern

amenitie!

Ma!! Continuou! in4u0E0pect! 3e!tern

amenitie!

c#arter Ma!!ive arrival!

$emand!

3e!ternamenitie!



Level! o* Adaptation o* Touri!t!to Local ,orm! %Smit#- 1..2'

• <plorers travel independently andully accept and acclimati=e to theoreign culture&

• >ut, larger numbers o tourists travel to:nd rela<ation or adventure

• 5omparatively wealthy tourists to a

region may attract petty criminals& !s aresult, it increases thets or muggings



• ?rivers overcharge tourists bymanipulating their meters

• treet vendors overcharge tourists

or items such as ice*cream• ?iferent prices@

– cheapest is available to locals,

– a slightly higher price is demandedrom visitors with sound knowledgeo the local language,

– the higher price is applied to visitorswith little or no knowledge o thelocal language

Some 6a/! In 6#ic#Touri!t! Are E0ploited



Sociocultural E+ect!

• %ambling, prostitution, andorgani=ed crimes are now increasingconcerns in tourism

• ome countries like %ermany and Aapan, tour operators speciali=e inorgani=ing se< package tours to

destinations such as the "hilippinesand Thailand

• There are number o less direct and

less visible efects on tourist



Sociocultural E+ect!

• In some !rican countries locals aredissatis:ed with their own standardo living, when they see wealthy

tourists

• Aob opportunities and the higherlevels o pay attracts people rom

rural communities&• These people may abandon their

traditional values& This can result in

an increase in promiscuity and



C#aracteri!tic! o* 7o!t"ue!t relation!#ip(-$5', 743)

• +elationships are transitoryand super:cial

• They are undertaken underconstraints o time and space

• There is a lack o spontaneityin relationship

• +elationships are uneBualand unbalanced



T#e 7o!t8! Impact o* Touri!m

• Stae 1@ tourists are e<cited by theenvironment and the novelty o thesituation

•

Stae 2@ tourist becomes disillusioned withand more critical o the environmental asthey become accustomed as to thesituation

• Stae 9@ they learn to adapt to the newsetting and it becomes di;cult to adaptback again to their home environment

%ullahom, 73/



Staed Aut#enticit/

?emand instant culture

taged authenticity



T#e e0ploitation o*indienou! population!

• 5hild labour

• e<ual e<ploitation

•

Cholesale removal olocals rom their tribal

lands



Manain t#e SocialImpact! o* Touri!m

• %ood relations between locals andguests

• Deep visitors in some distance awayrom residential neighbourhoods



T#e environmental e+ect!o* touri!m

• Transport pollution

• $oise pollution by transport

• "ollution at tourismdestinations

• "roblems o congestion anderosion



T#e environmental e+ect!o* touri!m

• rosion o constructed sites bytourists on oot

• The danger o tourism to ora andauna

• 'ther environmental conseBuences omass tourism



Pu(lic !ector plannin *orcontrol and con!ervation

• nvironmental protection

• The publicEprivate sector interace inthe development o sustainabletourism

12 Impacts of Tourism

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