1. 1. Devloped By Chocha Ashok p.(112321) Darji Darshan (112333) Wirless Application Protocol
2. 2. Introduction Wirless Application Protocol is designed for access to Internet and advanced telyphony services from mobile phones. WAP pays proper sensitivity to the constraints of these devices like small display,limited keys on the keypad, no pointer devices like mouse etc. Though WAP can be used from a variety of networks, GPRS and 3G networks are more suited for these applications.
3. 3. Wirless Data and WAP In 1992, Nippon Telygraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT), telephone company in japan a wirless division and named it DoCoMo. DoCoMo devloped a language called cHTML(Compant Hyper Text Markup Language) and a getway. In 1994, in USA a company named Unwired Planet was founded to develop and market a platform for Internet access through wirless devices like PDA. HDML HDTP(1995) In 1995, Ericsson another leading wirless company in europe began work on a protocol known as ITTP (Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol) .ITTP was designed with the intent of making it easy for call control and add services to mobile telyphony platforms.
4. 4. Wirless Data and WAP In 1997, Nokia wirless company in Europe devloped the TTML(Tagged Text Mark-up Language) In June 1997, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet Join hands to launch the WAP Forum. WAP Forum is now known as Open Mobile Aliance. The goal of this effort was to produce a refined, licence-free protocol,whice is independent of the underlying ailink standard.The first release of the WAP 1.0 specifications was released in the spring of 1998.
5. 5. WAP Architecture WAP forum devlops standards for application deployement over wirless devices like PDAs and mobile phones.
6. 6. WAE WAE stand for Wireless Application Environment. The application environment of WAE comprises multiple components to provide facilities like. User Agent:-the browser or a client proggram. Wireless Markup Language:-a lightweight markup language. wml Script:- a lightweight client side scripting language.
7. 7. WAE The primery objective of WAP application enviroment(WAE) is to provide an interoperable enviroment to build services in wireless space. A WAP request from the browser(User Agent) is routed through a WAP gateway. The gateway acts as an intermidiary between the client and network through a wireless last mile(GSM,GPRS,CDMA). The gateway does encoding and decoding of data transferred from and to the mobile user agent.
8. 8. WAE
9. 9. WAE(User Agent) In WWW and WAE context, user agent is the user facing browser software. WAE(User Agent Profile):- The user Agent profile specification allows WAP to notify the content server about the device capability. UserProfile is also reffered to as Capability and Preference Information(CPI). CPI is passed from the WAP client to the origin server through intermediate network points. The CPI may include, hardware characteristics(screen,size,color capabilities,image capabilities, etc) software charectoristics (operating system vendor and version,list of audio and video encoders, etc)application/user preferances (browser mnufacturer and version,markup languages and versions supported,scripting language supported).
10. 10. WAP(wml) WML stand for Wireless Markup Language. Tag-based document manipulation language. WML is designed to specify presentation and user interection on mobile phones and other wireless devices. WML Support text and images: WML implements a deck and card metaphor a deck is logical representation of document. Deck are made up of multiple cards. Each WML card, in a deck ,performs a specific task for a particular user interaction.
11. 11. WAP(wml) WML has a wide variety of features: Support for text and Images: Emphasis elements like bold,italic,big, etc. Line breaks models like line Wrapping, Line Wrapping suppression,etc. Tab Columns that support simple tabbing alignment. Support for User Input: Task invocation Controls: International Support: State and Context Management:
12. 12. WAP(wmlScript) WMLScript is an extended subset of JavaScript . WMLScript is used to do client side processing . It can be used very effectively to add intelligence to the client and enhance the user interface. WMLScript provides the application Programmer with a variety of interesting capabilities. The ability to do local validation of user input before it is sent to the content server. The ability to access device resources, function, and peripherals The ability to interact with the user without reference to the origin server.
13. 13. WSP WSP stand for Wireless Session Protocol. WSP provides a consistent interface between two session services(client and server). It provides the cooperating client/server application to: Establish a reliable session from client to server and close it in an orderly manner. Agree on a common level of protocol functionality using capability negotiation. Exchange content between client and server using compact encoding Suspend and resume the session. Scope of WSP is suited mostly for browsing application . It offers both connection-oriented and connectionless service. Connectionless service is most suitable when application do not need reliable delivery of data and do not care about confirmation. The connection-oriented session services are divided info following categories:
14. 14. WSP WSP stand for Wireless Session Protocol. WSP provides a consistent interface between two session services(client and server). It provides the cooperating client/server application to: Establish a reliable session from client to server and close it in an orderly manner. Agree on a common level of protocol functionality using capability negotiation. Exchange content between client and server using compact encoding Suspend and resume the session. Scope of WSP is suited mostly for browsing application . It offers both connection-oriented and connectionless service. Connectionless service is most suitable when application do not need reliable delivery of data and do not care about confirmation. The connection-oriented session services are divided info following categories:
15. 15. WSP Session Management facility. Method Invocation facility. Exception Reporting facility. Push facility. Confirmed Push facility. Session Resume facility. WSP is designed to function on the transaction and datagram services between WAE and WTP WSP is a transaction-oriented protocol based on the concept of a request and a reply. WSP also defines a server Push operation, in which the server sends unrequested content to a client device (e.g. broadcast messages)
16. 16. WSP Runs on top of a datagram service. The WAP transaction protocol (WTP) layer provides transaction support, adding reliability to the datagram service provided by WDP. Light weight transaction-oriented protocol Three classes of transaction services Unreliable one-way requests Reliable one-way requests Reliable two-way request-reply transactions Runs on Optional user-to-user reliability: WTP user triggers the confirmation of each received message Optional out-of-band data on acknowledgements PDU concatenation and delayed acknowledgement to reduce the number of messages sent Asynchronous transactions.
17. 17. WTLS WTLS stand for Wireless Transport Layer Security. Based on industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol Optimized for use over narrow-band communication channels Features: Data integrity WTLS contains facilities to ensure that data sent between the terminal and an application server is unchanged and uncorrupted. Privacy: WTLS contains facilities to ensure that data transmitted between the terminal and an application server is private and cannot be seen by any intermediate parties that may have intercepted the data stream. Authentication: WTLS contains facilities to establish the authenticity of the terminal and application server . Denial-of-service protection: WTLS contains facilities for detecting and rejecting data that is replayed or not successfully verfied,WTLS makes many typical denial-of-service attacks harder to accomplish and protects the upper protocol layers.
18. 18. WDP WDP stand for Wireless Datagram Protocol. The WAP datagram protocol (WDP) is the Transport layer that sends and receives messages via any available bearer network, including SMS, USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS136 packet data, and GPRS. Operates above the data capable bearer services supported by various network types. Provides a common interface to the upper layer protocols and hence they function independent of the underlying wireless network.
19. 19. WAP Gateway Wap gateway acts as a middleware which performs coding and encoding between cellular device and webserver. Wap gateway can be located either in telecomnetwork or compurt data network. Wap device requests for a WAP page using URL the gateway establishes a connection to the WAPsite. Wap page is compiled and converted into binary code. Binary code less space compared to the WMLsource. Basic funcation of a WAP gateway are: Implementing WAP protocol stack Protocol translation between phone and server Compress WML pages to save bandwidth User authentication and billing. WAP protocols are designed to operate over a variety of different bearer services,including short message,circuit-switched data and packetdata . The bearers offer different level of quality of service with respect to throughput,error rate,and delayes. Wap protocols are designed in such a fashion that it can compensate for or tolerate this varying level ofQOS(Quality of Service)
20. 20. WAP Gateway Many Wap gateway include additional funcations these relate to user authentication and charging for charging it captures the usages data the gateway does not actually include a billing system itself but it provides the user and the service provider the usage data.the usage data is given to the billing system of the operator. The Gateway is also responsible for optimizing WAP usage as far as possible the gateway keeps the number of packets small to keep costs down and make the best use of available bandwidth.
21. 21. Thank You