11/21 Daily Catalyst
description
Transcript of 11/21 Daily Catalyst
1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?
2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome?
3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do you know?
1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?
46 (23 from mom and 23 from dad) 2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated
chromosome? Two 3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do
you know? Anaphase, chromatids are pulled APART
1/13 CLASS BUSINESS PG. 66 GENE REGULATION
Quiz #16 on Friday Tutoring after school, during 4th period, and during lunch Schedule tutoring sessions with me
Parent Night 1/13 (TONIGHT) Extra Credit for attending 4-6 pm in the Cafeteria
New studying assignment You are required to study a certain amount of hours per week independently AND
with a group/partner per month Independently= 6 hours per week Group/partner= 4 hours per month Sheet is due at the end of each month on the last Friday (Jan. 30th)
STUDY ASSIGNMENT
Name(s)
Date Time Topic(s) Covered
Notes Signature
1/13 OBJECTIVE Review the stages of Mitosis and discuss
methods of cell regulation.
MITOSIS REVIEW
PG 66. BINARY FISSION What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Eukaryotic- plants and animal cells What about bacteria? Key Point #1: Prokaryotes reproduce by binary
fission Meaning “division in half”
PG. 66 BINARY FISSION Bacterial DNA is circular in shape Bacterial DNA must be replicated before
cell division Replication begins at the Origin of
Replication A specific site on the chromosome The origins move to opposite end of the
cell The cell begins to elongate The plasma membrane grows inward and
forms two new cells
PG. 67 GENE REGULATION
CELL CYCLE REGULATION There is evidence towards cytoplasmic
signals that control the cell cycle. Key Point #1: Cell cycle control: a set of molecules in
the cell that both trigger and coordinates the CC. Regulated at certain checkpoints
(Like a dishwashing machine)
CELL CYCLE REGULATION Key Point #2: Checkpoint: a control point where stop and go
signals exist Checkpoints register signals form inside and
outside the cell if the cell cycle should proceed OR STOP
3 checkpoints: G1, G2, and M phase
CELL CYCLE REGULATION G1 check point: AKA the “restriction point” Most important checkpoint GO(green light): complete G1, S, G2, and M phases STOP: Exit the cycle and switch into a non dividing
state (G0) Most cells are in the G0 phase Mature nerve cells do no need to divide
CELL CYCLE REGULATION Cyclin-dependent Kinases (Cdks): Activate or inactivate other proteins
Checkpoint at G1 and G2 Cyclin: cyclically fluctuating
concentration Kinase: activate or inactivate
proteins by giving them a phosphate group
MPF MPF: maturation-promoting factor
M-phase promoting factor Triggers the cell’s passage past
the G2 checkpoint into M phase When cyclin is high during G2,
this causes MPF to phosphorylates other proteins.
During anaphase, MPF switches itself off
PDGF Made by platelets PDGF binds to a receptor and this triggers G1 checkpoint
and get ready to divide IN HEALING!
CANCER Cancel cells do not heed the normal signals that
regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. If unchecked, they can kill organisms.
CANCER Cancer cells do not stop dividing
when growth factors are depleted. Cancer cells may make their own
growth factors!
PROCESS OF A CANCEROUS CELL Cell
Transformation: a normal cell converts into a cancer cell Immune system will cell the
transformed cell, if not, the cell will rapidly divide and form a tumor Benign tumor: not dangerous tumor Malignant tumor: invasive and
starts to impair normal function (cancer) Cancer cells metastasize: spread
from original location
MITOSIS REVIEW Label each picture of mitosis:
CELL REGULATION REVIEW