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SocialProtectionindicators,dataandinstrumentTowardssocialprotectiondataharmonisation&moduleofquestionsonsocialprotection

InceptionWorkshoponSPIUpdate34April2014ADBHeadquarters,Manila,Philippines

FlorenceBonnet(representstheILOSocialprotectiondepartment)InternationalLabourOffice,Geneva

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1.1Socialprotection:mainquestions tobeanswered

Diagnostic1Whatsinplace?Mappingnationalsocialprotectionsystems

Overviewofexistingschemes,benefitsprovided,people

coveredandforwhat?Resourcesinvestedin

socialprotection&fromwhichsources

Impacts&assessment(1)3 Impacts/effectsofexistingprovision?

Evaluateeffectiveness&efficiencyofexistingschemesandnational

socialprotectionsystem

Impacts&assessment(2)|Simulation

4.Whatimpactsreformsmayhave?

(assessingpoverty,labourmarketandeconomic

impacts)

Diagnostic2Whatsmissing?

Uncoveredpopulationinneedforsocial

protection:whotheyare?Whatarethe

needs?Optionsforextension?

Impacts &assessment(3)5.Whatarethe

fiscalspaceneededforpolicyreforms?Estimatingthecost

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1.2Jointinitiativefortheharmonizationofinternationalsocialprotectiondata[Theinteragencygroup]

Thestandardizationofsocialprotectionterminology andclassifications

Harmonization ofinternationaldata

collection(tools)anddatabase

developmentinitiatives

Developcommonstandardson whatdatatobecollected, howtoclassify/categorize

thesedata incl.methodologicalissues

anddatacollectiontools

Ensurecomparability&bridgesbetweenclassificationsusedCollectanddefinecoredatainawaythatallowsthesebridges.

Makespossibleexchangeofdatabetweendifferentdatabases

increaseefficiencyofresourcesusedbyavoidingduplicationindatacollection

Servesasguidelinestosupportprovidedtocountriesinenhancingtheirstatisticalcapacity

Promotedataavailability,qualityincountriesandcomparabilitybetweencountries

Supporttocountries:enhancenationalcapacityfortheproductionofreliableSPdata.

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1.3Stocktakingofwhatisdonebyeachorganisation:mainissuesidentifiedforjointactivities(Genevaworkshop03/2013)

Keyquestions Mainissuesandoutputs

Howtoassess&monitorsocialprotectionextensionanditscontributiontobasicincomesecuritythroughoutthelifecycle

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Whatdata,statistics&(possibly)indicatorsarecurrentlyavailable?

Whocollectswhat?&how?

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Gaps,possiblelimitationsofcurrentavailabledatainprovidingquantitativeanswerstothemainquestion;otherlimitations

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Mainissues identified(asastart) Howtodefineandcategorizesocial

protectiondatatoenhancecomparabilityamonginternationalorganizations

Coresetofdataonsocialprotection? Datacollectiononsocialprotection

throughhouseholdsurveys Howtomeasurecoverage?Themultiple

dimensionsofcoverage Qualitativeandcontextualinfo sourcesoffinancing subsidiesandtaxbenefits

Discussiononwhatcouldbedevelopedorimproved?Nextsteps...W

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Amapping ofexisting collectedinternationallyandcomparabledata onsocialprotection

Aroadmapofjointactivities

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2.Harmonisation,standardisationFromquestionstodata

Issue1:Howtodefine andcategorize socialprotectiondatatoenhancecomparability

amonginternationalorganizations?

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2.1.Fromquestionstodata:Categorisationofschemes&benefits(ILOstructure=ILOSSI)

BenefitsfeaturesSchemes/programmesdefinition

SPsystem

Olderpersons Oldage Survivors*

Family/childbenefit

Activeage Sickness Disability/Invalidity Unemployment Employmentinjury Maternity Survivors* ALMP Housing* Othersocialassistance*

Healthcarebenefit

Function

Cash

Inkind

Typeofbenefit

periodic

Lumpsum/adhoc

periodic

Lumpsum/adhoc

Periodicity

Statutory

Nonstatutory

Contributory

Noncontributory

Contributory

Noncontributory

Contributory

Noncontributory

Contributory

Noncontributory

Public

Private

Public

Private

Meanstested

Notmeanstested

Meanstested

Notmeanstested

Meanstested

Notmeanstested

Meanstestedornot

Othercriteria Mandatory/

voluntarybenefit Complementary/

mainbenefit Anyother?

Meanstested

Notmeanstested

Structuresdatacollectionthrough theILOSocialSecurityInquiry;compatiblewith OECDSOCX;Eurostatand.

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2.1.Fromquestionstodata:Categorisationofschemes&benefits|BridgestoADBcategorisation&

BenefitsfeaturesSchemes/programmesdefinition

SPsystem

Olderpersons PENS(SI) AE(Socialassistance)

Family/child CP(SA)

ActiveageOSI(Sickness,

Disability,Employmentinjury,Maternity,Survivors*)

UB(SI)LMPDA(Disasterrelief) +

Healthcare HI(healthinsurance) HA(Healthassistance)

Function Typeofbenefit

Periodicity

Statutory

Nonstatutory

SInsurance

SAssistance

SInsurance

SAssistancePublic

Public

Meanstestedornot

LMP

LMP

Ifthinking ofstandardizing andharmonising datadefinition andclassifications

Question1Socialassistance: does it include all non

contributory programmes,except LMP?

What aboutuniversal andcategorical schemes?

Question2:What aboutfamily/child benefit providedthrough socialinsurance?

Question3:Arematernity ordisability programmesfinancedthrough taxesincluded under OSA?

Question4:What aboutthetypeofprogrammes(inkind ofcash,theperiodicity andmeanstestedornot)=>implicitly available butcould behelpful forpolicy formulationtoadd some explicitcriteria

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3.Harmonisation,standardisationFromquestionstodata&indicators

Issue3Howtomeasurecoverage?

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3.1The multipledimensionsofeffective coverage:mainissues&possibleimprovements

The situation (issues for discussion)1) Coverageshouldbemeasuredusingboth

administrativerecordsandhouseholdsurveys.2) Coverageindicatorscaneasilylooserelevance

Intheabsenceofacleardefinitionofwhatbenefitsareincludedornot.

3) Coveragerefersto Personsprotectedforagivenrisk/contingency Beneficiaries

4) Thisobjectiveofsuchindicatorwilldetermine thescope(programmes&typeofbenefittobe

included)and levelofdisaggregationrequiredregardingdata

tobecollected.5) Nostandardizedmethodsofdatacollectionon

coverage,norasetofbasicprinciplesonhowtomeasurecoverage.

6) Thisresultsinavarietyofincomparablecoverageratescalculationsacrossorganizations.

ADB / SPI TheSPIfocuses on

beneficiaries rather thanonprotected persons

Some confusionbetweencontributorsandbeneficiaries inparticularinthecaseofprovidentfunds

What aboutnext roundofdatacollection?

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3.2Extentof effectivecoverageinAsia|Contributorstoanoldagepensionandpensionbeneficiaries(contributoryornot) Oldagepensioners:47%

ofthepersonsaboveretirementageinAsiareceiveapension[32.4%withoutChina;51.5%worldwide]

Activecontributors:26,5%oftheworkingagecontribute toapensionscheme (14,6%without China;30,9%worldwide)

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Extentof effectivecoverage |ActivecontributorsandOldagepensionersinAsia

Active contributors (contributory)

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Relativelyhighshareofbeneficiariesreceivingpensionsfromnoncontributoryschemes

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Coveragebynoncontributorypensions |whatlevelofbenefits?

Coverage (non contributory only)

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1.25 $ PPP per day

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4.Harmonisation,standardisationFrom questionstodatacollectiontools

Issue2Datacollectiononsocialprotectionthroughhouseholdsurveys?

Whysurveydataarenotonlyimportantbutnecessary?

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4.1Socialprotection:mainquestions tobeanswered(Quickreminder)

Diagnostic1Whatsinplace?Mappingnationalsocialprotection

systems

1Diagnostic

2 Whatsmissing?Uncovered

population,Needs?Optionsforextension?

2Impacts&assessment

(1)Impacts/effectsofexisting provision?

Impacts&assessment(2)|Simulation4.Whatimpacts

reformsmayhave?Impacts &assessment(3)

Estimatingthecostofreforms

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4.2.From questionsto instrumentsWhysurveydataarenotonlyimportantbutnecessary?

Questionstobeansweredaboutsocialprotection Admindata

Surveydata

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Exantesimulation onhouseholdincomedistribution X

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X X Overviewofnationalsocialprotectionsystem Financialinformation:expenditureandrevenueofsocial

protectionschemes

Coverage:Whoiscoveredandforwhatbenefits?Howmanypoor/nonpoor;men/women;children,elderly,selfemployed,etc.

Protectedpersonsversusbeneficiaries

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Identificationofpotentialbeneficiaries&theircharacteristics Whoarethosewhoneedtobecovered? Whataretheirneeds? Whataretheriskstherearefacing?

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Whatarethefiscalspaceneededforpolicyreforms?Estimatingthecost XX

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Evaluateeffectiveness&efficiencyofexistingschemesandnationalsocialprotectionsystem(incudes theeffectsonlivingstandards)

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6.1.Whysurveydata arenotonlyimportantbutnecessary?(1)Whatsinplace?Mappingnationalsocialprotectionsystems

Why household surveys areimportant?

Toquantifysocialprotectionprovisionatthecountrylevelaspartofthemapping(Diagnostic) Coverage:howmanybeneficiaries

arereachedbycurrentsocialprotectionprovision? Whoiscovered? men/women,

agegroups,poor/nonpoor,workersinformal/informalemployment,etc. Whoiscoveredforwhatfunction? Forcashbenefitsorbenefitsin

kind? Whatisthelevelofbenefit

received?(fromallschemesandprogrammesforagivenfunction)

1.Householdsurveystoquantifysocialprotectionprovisionatthecountrylevel

Roleofhouseholdsurveydata: Complementdatafromadministrative

recordsOvercomesomeoftheproblemsof

administrativedata(doublecounting,fragmentation,qualityandavailability,etc.)QuantifycoverageforvariousSPfunctions

andfrommultiplesourcesWhat?Socialprotectiondatarequired(asaminimum): Dataoncoverage bysocialsecurity

functionandtypeofbenefits(periodicornot;incashorinkind;meanstestedornot,etc.)

Personsprotected(notnecessarybeneficiariesyet) andactualbeneficiaries Levelofbenefit

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6.1.Whysurveydataarenecessary?(2)2Whatsmissing?Identifyingandanalysinggapsincoverage

Whatsmissing?Why household surveysarenecessary?

Household

Mainquestions Whoarethosenot currentlycovered

butinneedofcoverage? Whataretheirneeds? Whataretheriskstheyareexposed

to? Whataretheiremploymentsituation? Inwhatmeasurecantheycontribute? Whataretheoptionsforthecoverage

extension? Whatisthepotentialcostofthe

coverageextension?

2.Householdsurveystoidentifypeopleinneedofsocialprotection

Householdsurveydataastheonlypossiblesourcetoassesstheabsenceofcoverage&needsofthosewhoarenotcovered(householdincome&expendituresurveys,Labourforcesurveys)

Iidentificationofgroupspresentingdifferentneedsorfeaturescallingforadequateoptionsregardingsocialsecurityextension Amongkeyfactorstoconsider* Age,areaofresidence Labourmarketstructure Abilitytowork Statusinemployment Capacitytocontribute; Povertystatus;etc

*Referringtodifferenttypesofhouseholdsurveys(HIES,LFS)

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Whoiscovered/whoisnot? VietNam:protectedpersonsasapercentageoftotal

employmentandbystatusinemployment(pensions) VietNam:Healthinsurancecoveragebyage,statusin

employment,povertystatus

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6.1.Why surveydataarenecessary?(3)3.Evaluationofsocialprotectionprovision:assesseffects

Why household surveys arenecessary?

EvaluatingtheeffectsofsocialtransfersonlivingstandardsExpostassessmentofexisting

programmes/schemesorsocialsecuritysystemsExanteassessment:Preparing

futurereforms&discussoptionsforextension.Simulationofeffects/impacts

ExampleofexpostassessmentinArmeniaandNepal

3.HHsurveystoEvaluate theeffectsofsocialprotection(exante/expost)

Householdsurveysas acomplementofotherdatasourcesforexpost

assessment uniquesourceforexanteassessment

Datarequired Dataonexistingprogrammes andbenefits

received(sameasabove) Tobecombinedwithdatareferringtoother

dimensionsrelevantasregardtoprogrammeobjectives,targetgroups andtypeofeffectstobeassessed HIESifincomemaintenanceandpovertyand

inequalityreductionaretheobjectives Labour marketfeaturesifextensiontocertain

groupsofworkersisconcerned:workersininformalemployment,domesticworkers,agriculturalworkers

Healthrelatedfactors,anyother?

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Povertyimpact analysis| Step3 Armenia:Impactonpovertyreductionofpensionsamong

allhouseholds

Pensionsarebyfarthebenefitsthatreachthehighestnumberofpersons.Morethanhalfofthehouseholdsrelyonpensionseitherascomplementaryormainsourceincome.

Withoutpensionstheoverallpovertyratewouldbeof51.8%(16percentagepointshigherthanthecurrentpovertyrate)

Nepal:Impactonpovertyreductionofpensionsamongallhouseholds

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Fewcountriesincludeasufficientnumberofappropriatequestionsonsocialprotectioninregularsurveyinstruments...

evenfewercountriessystematicallyanalyseandusethisinformationifavailable WellestablishedinmostLatinAmericancountries MorelimitedinAfricaand inbetween inAsia

Currentpracticesmakeitdifficulttogetthenecessarydatatoaccesscoverage,coveragegapsandeffects(questionstendtobetoovague;limitedinthescopeandnotnecessarilywellunderstood)

Unitofreference:questionsonbenefitstargetingindividualsaspartofthehouseholdpartofthequestionnaire

Populationofreference:questionsaskedtoasubgrouponlycomparedtothe targetgroup ofabenefit

Representativity,samplingissues,etc Nostandardizedmethodavailablesofarbutamultiplicity

ofpractices

4.3.Thesituation:themoduleofquestionstoaddress currentlimitations&gapsindataavailability

Generaloverview:some improvement inrecentyears butstill tobe developped

Example: Nepal (Living standard survey 2010, Transfers, social assistance and other transfers):

All set of questions on main existing benefits (such as old age pension, widow pension, disability allowance, maternity incentive scheme)

Most of those benefits target individuals BUT

info collected at the HH level & record the number of recipients per household

Inability to identify direct beneficiaries and relate coverage to individual characteristics, Idem for absence of coverage

. But allow to assess effects on poverty reduction or prevention

Comparability

Availability

Quality

Issues .

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Fromyourexperience.

Collectingdataonsocialprotectionthroughhouseholdsurveys

Whataresomeoftheprerequisite?Whataboutlimitations ?

.andwhataboutanalysingsuchdata ?

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3.Concludingremarks:Moduleofquestions:Prerequisite

Whendevelopingandapplyingthemoduleofquestionsonsocialprotection: Mappingthesocialprotectionsystem:Identificationanddefinitionof

socialprotectionprogrammesandbenefitsinthecountryasinputsfortheformulationofquestions:WhataretheSPfunctionscovered?

Identificationoftargetgroupsandqualifyingconditionstoadaptfiltersifanytoensurethatthequestionisaskedtotherightpopulationofreference Include theanalysis ofsocialprotectionlegisltation,

Assessifbenefitaretargetingindividualsorhouseholdstoplacethequestionsaccordinglyinthequestionnaire

Assesstheintendedobjectiveoftheprogrammeandbenefits(incomemaintenance?Povertyreduction?)andtheobjectivesoftheanalysistoidentifytheadditionalvariablesrequiredaspartofthesurvey

Makesocialsecurityunderstandable:Designquestionsandresponsecategoriestocorrespondtothelanguage/termsusedbyrespondents&interviewers,ratherthantothelanguage&terminologyofstatisticiansandlegalregulations(Importanceofguidelines,training(allstages)

Ifthestatisticalofficeisinchargeoftheprocessofdatacollection,ensureactiveinvolvementofinstitutions responsibleforsocialsecurityprogrammes

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Merci!Thank you!