10th century

The first windmill was seen in Persia. They were used for grinding grain and pumping water to low lying land.

Windmills of the 12th century

The earliest form of windmills appeared in 12th century Persia.

Located in the center are post mills which would turn to face the wind

Dutch Windmills similar to the windmill pictured were used for milling grains, sawing, and pumping water out of lakes. They were also used for producing boards, paints, oil and paper, and even bread and mustard.

Dutch Wind Turbines

Tower Mills

A refined version of the postmill, the tower mill grinded and stored grain, along with large sails.

Fantails

Fantails are small vertical fins, added in 1745 to the back of the windmills to keep them facing oncoming wind.

Post mills were made of timber based on a single vertical post.

The Earliest European WindmillThey used wooden shafts and ring gears to achieve a horizontal movement.

Different Number of Blades

Blades are a key factor to the turbine. Up to 24 blades can be used to power, but four seems to be the best option.

The Use of Windmills, Water and Grain

Early windmills in both the eastern and western parts of

the world were used for the pumping water and the milling of wheat. Even today smaller

scale windmills are still used to pump water.

In this century, people in the United States of America began to use windmills to pump water for the irrigation of farms and the watering of livestock at ranches.

19th Century Windmills

U.S. Windmills

Wind engines (also known as American Windmills) are designed to self-regulate and keep their annular sails facing the wind.

Charles Brush 1888

Brush graduated at the University of Michigan in 1869 and constructed a wind-powered turbine in his backyard in 1888. It produced 12 kilowatts and lasted for 20 years.

Poul la Cour

Poul La Cour built the world's first wind tunnel for aerodynamic tests. In 1891, he invented the Kratostaten, which regulates movement such as wind and the Poul la Cour Key which regulates the power from wind turbine.

1846-1908

Smith Putnam DesignPalmer Putnam designed a wind turbine

in Vermont in 1941 with two steel blades that produced 1.5MW and withstood wind speeds up to 140mph.

The electric control circuit was designed to stabilize the current if the turbine becomes desynchronized from wind.

200kW Gedser Wind Turbine

The Gedser wind turbine was built in Denmark, 1957, by Johannes Juul.

It was equipped with an aerodynamic tip that breaks on the rotor blades.

This three-bladed turbine inspired later designs.

Gedser Wind Turbine & NASA

The Gedser Wind Turbine was used until 1976 then it was refurbished by NASA’s request during the mid-1970’s.

Wind Turbines and Fossil Fuels during WW2The use of wind turbines goes hand in hand with the use of fossil

fuels. As prices for fuel rose and fell, interest in wind turbines waned and increased accordingly.

Middle EastThe Middle East are innovators in wind turbine designs.

They are one of the first, to build Wind Turbines onto a building.

Jimmy Carter’s Energy Proposal

President Carter decided to face economic problems by cutting the use of resources and gaining energy through the use of environmentally friendly practices.

Wind Turbine Grid Connections

Wind power's wind turbines which is then connected to an inverter that outputs energy

to power lines and buildings.

(2009)Wind powered factories: history (and future) of industrial windmills. n.p.http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2009/10/history-of-industrial-windmills.html

(2012). Illinois Windmills. Creative Commons. n.p. http://www.illinoiswindmills.org/index_files/farmCamenson, Marcee; Finchum, Michelle.(2004) The power of wind: It’ll blow your mind.eLibrary.

http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/wind/news.php Dodge D. (2001) Part 1 Early History Through 1875, Telosnet <http://telosnet.com/wind/early.html>Historyworld, (ND) History of technoglogy :http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=fmx//Ostrander, S. (2010). Charles F Brush. Green Energy Ohio. http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML1036/ML103620043.pdfPonting, Clive (ND) History of technology

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1228&HistoryID=ab11&gtrack=pthcStenkjaher, N. (2009). Poul La Cour- the Danish Wind Turbine Pioneer. Nordic Folkecenter.

http://www.folkecenter.net/gb/rd/wind-energy/48007/poullacour/Traveler, John.(2010)Electricity Wind Power Turbines Generators. R R Donnelley.

http://www.worldissues360.com/index.php/electricity-wind-power-turbines-generators-11299/Vranken, Jos.(N/D) Windmills.NBTC. http://www.holland.com/global/tourism/activities/traditional/windmills.htm

CITATIONS

CITATIONS

Clark, Jeff. (2014) History of Wind Turbines. The wind Coalition http://windcoalition.org/wind-energy/history-of-wind-energy/Jimmy Carter, "The President's Proposed Energy Policy." 18 April 1977. Vital Speeches of the Day, Vol. XXXXIII, No. 14, May 1, 1977, pp. 418-420. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/carter-energy/>

Cleveland, Cutler (2009). Juul, Johannes, The Encyclopedia of Earth. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153980/ Colburn, Robert. (2014). Advantageously Exposed Palmer Putnam’s 1.5MW Wind Turbine 1941, IEEE.

http://www.todaysengineer.org/2013/May/history.asp“European State Projects 1975 - 1995” http://www.windsofchange.dk/WOC-eurstat.php

KK-Electronic Team.(n.d.) Grid Connection. KK-Electronic. Web. 6 Mar 2014.<http://www.kk-electronic.com/grid-connection.asp&xgt;.

Nixon, Niki (2008) Timeline: The History of Wind Power, TheGuardian.http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/oct/17/wind-power-renewable-energy

CreditsProject Lead:

Adeline Morley and Jeanette Burdick

Powerpoint Lead: Anise Ghandchi

Music: Rachel Bonotan and Raimy Williams

Slide Design: Marissa Rosales

Alex BayonIndiana Shanman

Oliver BetzAnise GhandchiAdeline MorleySarena BealTom Maday

Maddy SchmelingChelsea Carnahan

Carl RonquilloNikko Quares

Raphael Quejado Brandon Manzanares

John BollaEmily CooperMarissa Allen

Jeanette BurdickEmily Lopretta