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6. To provide an awareness of the commonlyencountered nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoos.

7. To provide an awareness on the other diseases(microbial infections, endoparasites, ectoparasites andfeacal pseudoparasites) in zoo animals.

(Course suggested be developed by institutions on thebasis of the objectives laid above.)FISH PRODUCTION:

Fishery as a method of recycling animal and poultrywastes and feed surplus. Types of common fresh water fish,their collection, care and breeding. Egg and spwanmanagement. Economic production; Pond and Nurserymanagement. Fish preservation. Inspection, utilisation offish in animal feed. .

LABORATORY ANIMAURABBITIFUR ANIMAL

PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT AND

PET ANIMAL CARELPM-313

LABORATORY ANIMAL:

Importance of laboratory animal breeding. Care andhousing standards of mice, rats, guinea pigs etc.

General consideration on feeding aspects andnutritional requirements of lab animals, importantconsiderations in breeding of laboratory animals,prophylactic measures for commonly occuring lab animaldiseases, preliminary ideas on technology for productionof specific pathogen free and germ free lab animals.PRACTICAL:

Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Identification of body parts and handling of laboratoryanimals, housing system and space requirements forlaboratory animals, weighing, sexing and weaning oflaboratory animals. Management and Marking foridentification of laboratory animals for purpose of theirindividual recording. Computation and compounding ofbalanced diet for laboratory animals mainly Mice, Rats,Guinea-pigs and Rabbits. Feeding schedule of laboratoryanimals. Selection of breeding stock of laboratory animalsfor high breeding efficiency. Maintenance of breedingrecords of laboratory animals. Prophylactic measuresagainst common diseases of lab animals. Hygienic careand control of parasites (routines).RABBITIFUR ANIMALS:

Introduction and scope of RabbitlFur animals farmingin the country; census, breeds and their distribution in Indiaand abroad. Scope and limitation of rabbit/fur animalproduction; selection, care, and management for breedingfor commercial purpose. Identification, care and managementof farrowing animals, farrowing, care of new born, growingstock; harvesting of products; breeding and selectiontechniques for optimal production; feeds and feeding forrabbit/fur animal production; housing of rabbit/fur animalsshearing/slaughtering and preservation of products; dis-

I

eases and parasite control, hygienic care; disposal,utilisation and recycling of wastes etc. The economicaspects of rabbit/fur animal production; accounting theirexpenditure, income etc. Manpower requirements andpersonnelllabour management. Preparing projects for micro(backyard), mini, and major rabbit/fur animal farms.

PET ANIMAL CARE :

Breeds of dogs commonly seen in India. Indian breedsof dogs; handling a dog; Major breed traits of dogs.Selecting a breed to keep. Selection of a pup, feeding tips,Simple training, house-breaking, control of parasites.Vaccination schedules. Vices of dogs and how to correctthem. Pedigree sheet; kennel clubs, dog shows, heat andits detection, breeding a dog, care of a pregnant female,whelping: care of mother and new born. Utility dogs -defence, patrolling, riot control, scouting, espionage, minedetection, tracking, guiding, hunting, races, retriving, lifesaving, guarding and other uses.

Norms for taU docking, Ear cropping etc. Nail cutting,grooming, bathing and teeth hygiene for dogs.

Cats, their breeds and habits. Food and feeding of cat.Kitten; their care and management. Prophylacticvaccination; handling cats for examination; administrationof medicine, vices of cats.

Common pets birds seen in India tips on their caging,breeding and management. Tips on health care of pets birds.

PRACTICAL:

Recognising various breeds and their colours, handlingdogs for examination, use of leads, choke collars; brushingand bathing a dog; deticking, deworming. Exercising adog. Detection of heat, mating, whelping (through videofilm or real). Care of new born. weaning, admn. ofmedicine; Nail and tooth care, visit to dog show; clippingof hair in some breeds. Hygiene of Pens, feeding utensilsfor dogs, pups etc.

Common breeds of cats, control, examination andmedication of cats and kitten.

Identifications of common pet birds. Handling of petbirds, their examination and administration of medicine.

SEMESTER VI

SHEEP AND GOAT PRODUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT

LPM-321 Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Sheep production at national and state level. Importanceof sheep production in national economy. Selection of sheepfor mutton and fibres. Judging of the quality and confor-mation of body parts; Different indigenous and exotic breedsof sheep; feeding and management; Sheep housing, routinehealth care: deworming, vaccination, breeding schedules,care in pregnancy, lambing; care of limbs, young stocks;

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33 (109)

weaning, shearing. Marketing wool and mutton, theireconomics of production, grading and marketing.Preparation of projects for sheep units. Glossories of termsin wool industry. Growth and structure of wool fibre.Physical and chemical properties of wool. Grading of wool.Impurities in wool; factors influencing the quality of wool.Recovery of wool wax and its use.GOAT:

Goat production at national and state levels; Goatproduction for profit. Selection of goats for chevon andmilk; Judging of the quality and conformation of body parts;Different indigenous and exotic breeds of goats; Goatfeeding and management; breedings of goats, buckmanagement, care of goat in pregnancy and kidding;rearing of kids weaning, fattening etc. Rearing sheep andgoat together. Goats as leaders in grazing. Goat housingand marketing; Chevon and goat milk marketing and theireconomics of production. Individual and backyard goatfarm management (on household surplus and handfeeding).PRACTICAL (SHEEP) :

Familiarisation with farm routines. Identification andselection of sheep. Handling of sheep. Dipping, Spraying,spotting sick animals, examination for parasites,administration medicine, Vaccination. Grazing/feedingsheep; farm records maintenance. Detection of heat,mating, identifying pregnant animals, care of pregnantanimals, lambing, neonatals and young stock. Care ofpasture. Judging sheep for wool and mutton. Shearing andgrading of wool and storage; Marketing of wool muttonand live animals; Lay-out plans of sheep farms of differentsizes. Working out economics of sheep production fromthe farm records.

Structures of wool and its differenciation from hairfibre. Determination of stepal length, crimps, diameter andstrength of wool fibre. Sorting, packaging and grading ofwool. Recovery of wax from wool. Scouring andcarbonisation of wool, Visit to wool production centre andwoollen industries.

PRACTICAL(GOATS) :

Familiarisation with farm routines, handling,identification and selection of goats; spotting sick animalsexamination for disease and parasites, adm. of medicine,vaccination. Detection of vices; culling. Detection of ostrus,mating, care of pregnant, kidding, neonatal care, weaningand care of young stock, castration of kids. Lay-out plansfor goat farms and backyard unit. Profit work outs; Judgingof goats for chevon; Practical housing and feeding of goatsand goat farm records maintenance; Marketing of chevon,milk and live goats; Visit to sheep and goat farms anddemonstrationcentres; Individual goat dwells.

AVIAN PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENTLPM-322 Cr. Hrs. 2+1=3

Economic importance of poultry, develqpment ofpoultry industry in India, different breeds andvarieties of chicken, ducks and tur~eys; terms used in pou-

[- -------

ltry science; how egg is formed - structure of eggs,formation yolk, albumen and shell; selling of poultry andeffect of culling on egg production, incubation of hatchingof eggs, selection of hatching eggs, handling and care othatching eggs, natural and artificial breeding, brooders.Season for breeding; different systems of housing of poultry;floor space requirements, constructional details of poultryhouses and hatcheries, cost of construction, constructionof budget poultry sheds for small, medium and largeoperators; layout plans for poultry farm of various sizes,poultry equipments: incubators, brooders, debeakers,trapnets, feeders and waterers etc. Care and managementof chicks, pullets and cockrels, care and management ofbroilers and layers, feeds and feeding of broilers and layers,poultry farm records; commercial hatcheries and its rolein poultry development; random sample tests; preparationof poultry for show; poultry judging; disinfection ofincubators, brooders, farm implements and poultry houses.Disposal of poultry wastes. Utility of poultry manure.

Economy in poultry production - Cost of productionof table and hatching eggs, broiler meat, day-old chicks -Preparation of project reports for broiler, layers, hatchery.Cockrel and Japanese Quail farms. Role of avian farms ina mixed farm unit.

Vaccination, deworming, detecting deficiencies andcombating them etc.PRACTICAL:

Handling of poultry. External body parts,indentification of species, breeds and varieties of poultry.Reproductive and digestive systems of chicken, structureand composition of eggs and meat, poultry judging,selection and selling of poultry, candling of eggs forevaluation of quality, presence of blood and meat spotsetc.; measuring the strength of eggs, grading of eggs andmanagement of incubators; sexing of chicks, brooding ofchicks, feeders, waterers, trap nests and poultry farm andhatchery equiprnents; different systems of housing andlayout plans for poultry farms of different sizes, feeds andfeeding of broilers and layers, systems of feeding, slaughterand dressing of poultry, different methods of preservationof eggs and meat; health care and management of chicks,ducklings and turkey care and management of broilers andlayers during summer and winter. Record keeping ofPoultry Farm (including accounts). Preparation offeasibility reports for small and medium poultry farms.Preparation of projects reports for the same. Model schemefor a large poultry farm.

SEMESTER VII

CATTLE AND BUFFALO PRODUCTION ANDMANAGEMENT

LPM-411 .Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Introduction, census, status, breeds and role ofdairying in India; problems and prospectus of dairyingin India; economic traits of cattle and buffaloes, theirselection and management; feeding and managementof milch cattle and buffaloes; feeding and manage-ment of calf, heifer, dry and pregnant animals,

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health care and management, feeding and training of bullsfor artificial breeding; Draughtability in cattle andbuffaloes; preparation of animals for show; judging of cattleand buffaloes, system of housing, constructional details ofdifferent buildings of dairy farms; clean milk production;routine dairy farm operations. Methods of milking,precautions, pros and cons; labour management; dairydevelopment schemes in the country; dairy farm accountsand records, herd registration; factors affecting quality andquantity of milk. Layout plans for backyard dairy andmixed farm. Economics of dairy farming including inputand output cost involved in backyard cattle and buffalorearing.PRACTICAL:

Identification, tattooing, branding and tagging;castration and dehorning of cattle and buffaloes; Healthcare and feeding of young and adult animals; milking andclean milk production; layout plans for dairy farm ofdifferent sizes; economics of dairy farming from dairy farmrecords; routine farm operation; selection and culling ofanimals; physical and chemical examination of milk foradulteration and detection of mastitis. Visit to different

dairy (cattle and buffaloes) farms and demonstrationcentres. Analysis of farm records. Accounting of incomeand expenditure costing. Study of farm ledger; cash books,asset registers, preparation of balanace sheet. Costaccounting of dairy products.

DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK AND PRODUCTTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER V

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY

LPT -311 Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Development of dairy industry in India. Compositionand nutritive value of milk. Factors affecting compositionof milk; physical and chemical properties of milk. Cleanmilk production. Bacteriology and deterioration of milk.Principles involved in pasteurisation, homogenisation anddehydration. Preparation of various concentrated anddehydrated milk products. Preparation of butter, ghee, khoa,lahssi, curd, ice-cream and cheese.

Packaging and distribution of milk. Legal and ISIstandard of milk and milk products. Sanitation in milkplant. Utilisation of milk by-products. Role of milk andmilk products in human nutrition.PRACTICAL:

Sampling of milk, estimation of fat, S,N.F. and totalsolids. Detection of adulteration of milk through varioustests. Estimation of efficiency of pasteurisation throughdifferent tests. Bacteriological examination of milk andproducts for their wholesomeness. Preparation of milkproducts like curd, butter, ghee, yogurt, lahssi, khoa, ice-cream etc., visit to dairy plant.

I

SEMESTER VIABATIOIR PRACTICES AND ANIMAL

BY-PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGYLPT-321 Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Organisation, layout and management of slaughterhouses, pre-slaughter care, handling and transport of meatanimals. Judging and grading of live meat animals.Antemortem and postmortem examination. Differentslaughtering and dressing techniques followed for variouskinds of meat animals in India and abroad. Chilling, ageingand evaluation of dressed carcasses.

Disposal of animals suffering from notifiable diseasesand condemned parts. Utilisation of slaughter housebyproducts. Organic wastes available through the animalindustries, fallen and slaughtered affluents and glandularbyproducts. Optimal harvesting of hide (arne-mortem care,proper skinning, salting, stacking and preservation).PRACTICAL:

Methods of slaughter - Ritual and Humane steps(stunning, slaughtering out of sight of live animal.isolation) in slaughter, flaying and dressing of food animals.

Judging of meat animals and carcass evaluation.Slaughtering and dt:essing of different kinds of meatanimals. Estimation of meat yield and dressing percentage.Maintenance of slaughter houses and their sanitation. Yieldestimation and utilisation of certain slaughter house by-products. Identification, culture, induced fermentation bynon-toxin producing harmless micro-organisms.

Visit to leather processing unit, visit to slaughter houses,meat plants and bacon factory to study their layout andorganisation, collection of samples etc.

SEMESTER vn

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

(including Poultry Product Technology)LPT-411 Cr. Hrs. 1+1=2

Development of meat industry, structure, composition,nutritive value, postmortem changes and eating quality ofmeat tissues. Principles of various preservation techniqueslike chilling, freezing, curing, smoking, thermal,processing, canning and irradiation. Meat cuttingpackaging. Microbial and other deteriorative changes inmeat and their identification standards and quality control.measures adopted for meat and meat products in India andabroad.

Meat food products order - eating quality of meat -sensory evaluation of meat food products - fraudulantsubstitution of meat and its recognition -physical, chemicaland biological means for differentiation of meat.

Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultrymeat. Pre-slaughter care, handling and transport ofbirds. Antemortem and post-mortem examination ofdressed poultry. Slaughtering techniques used forvarious types of birds. Preservation of poultry meal

.-"" L- --

.

by chilling, freezing, curing, smoking and irradiation.Preparation of poultry products. ISI and other legalstandards for poultry and poultry products. Utilization ofpoultry industry by-products. Structure, composition,nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage of eggs.Preservation and maintenance of eggs. Principles involvedin preparation of different poultry based foods. Role of meatand poultry products in human nutrition.PRACTICAL:

Preparation of different meat cuts. Estimation of meatbone ratio, chilling and ageing of meat. Preservation andpackaging of meat. Preparation of certain meat products.Estimation of microbial load of meat. Identification ofdeteriorative changes in meat and meat products.Slaughtering and evisceration of different kinds of birds.Estimation of dressing percentage and yield. Grading ofdressed chicken/poultry. Preparation of ready to eat meat,poultry products. Microbiological sampling of meat, poultryproducts and eggs. Preparation of certain poultry by-products. Candling, grading and preservation of shell eggs.

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION.GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

SEMESTER VIII

VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY ANDOBSTETRICS

VOG-421 Cr. Hrs. 2+0=2

Introduction, development of female genitalia anddescription of pelvis in domestic animals (recapitulation);growth, puberty, sexual maturity in relation to reproduction.Role of hormones in various phases of reproduction infemales. Symptoms of oestrous and oestrous cycle indomestic animals and factors affecting oestrous cycle.Palpation of genital organs for changes during oestrouscycle, synchronisation of oestrous cycle; ovulation.Transportation of sperms; fertilisation and attachment;developmentof foetus, Foetal membranes of placenta. Typesand functions of placenta, gestation, duration and stagesof gestation in domestic animals. Superfoetation andsuperfecundation. Superovaluation and embryo transfer.Abnormalitiesof fertilisation and foetal development.

Pregnancy diagnosis, pregnancy examination -physical, biological, chemical, hormonal, ultrasonic andradiographicmethods. Differential diagnosis of pregnancy.

Disease and accidents during gestation, prolongedgestation; premature birth, early embryonic mortality,abortions in domestic animals, causes and treatment.Intrauterine death of foetus; mummification; maceration,pyometra.

Fertility, infertility and sterility; functional infertility,anoestrus, ovarian hypoplasia, cystic ovary, adrenalvirlism.Fertilisation, failure and repeat breeding. Infectiousinfertility. Specific and non specific infections affectinggenital organs. Sexual health control and herd reproductivehealth programme. Antepartum fetal membrane, twins andmultiplebirth, ectopic pregnancy.

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Parturition in domestic animals, causes and st~ges ofparturition. Expulsion and retention of after birth.Parturition hygiene, care and management of new bornand dam. Udder health care. Post partum diseases andcomplications cervicovaginal prolapse, uterine prolapse.Postpartum complications, vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis,pyometra, postpartum paraplegia, milk fever, clinical usesof hormones and prostaglandins.

Intrauterine presentation of foetus, eutocia, dystokia.Types of dystokia, general handling of dystokia. Diagnosisand treatment of dystokia cases. Obstetrical operations.Mutation and forced extractions. Fetotomy and caesariansection.

VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICSCLINICS

Cr. Hrs. 0+2=2VOG-422

PRACTICAL:

Study of female genitalia, palpation technique. Heatdetection in farm animals and companion animals.Collection and examination of vaginal mucus by varioustechniques. Pregnancy diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Use of gynaecological instruments and appliances.Evaluation of female animals for breeding purpose. SexualHealth control, life history card for the female, recordingsystem for reproductive performance.

Study of pelvis, pelvimetry, use of obstetricalinstruments, manipulation of fetal malpresentation inPhantom boxes. Attending cases of normal parturition.Manipulation of fetal malpresentation in phantom boxes.Fetotomy, epidural anesthesia in obstetrical practices.Approach to obstetrical cases, post operative care andtreatment of obstetrical cases.

SEMESTER IX

ANDROLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

VOG-511 Cr. Hrs. 2+0=2

Introduction, development, comparative study of malegenitalia and gonads. Growth, puberty, sexual maturity,libido. Endocrine control of reproduction in the maledomestic animals. Factors affecting maturity and sex drivein bulls. Sexual behaviour in males.

Forms of male infertility. General considerations.Factors affecting infertility in male, its treatment anddiagnosis. Diseases, abnormalities and malformations ofmale genitalia, their diagnosis and treatment of coital injuryand infections. Testicular hypoplasia and degeneration.Diseases of the accessory sex glands.

Introduction, history, development, advantages andlimitations of AI. Methods of semen collection in variousspecies; technique of A.I. Factors affecting quality andquantity of semen. Tests for evaluation of semen; extensionof semen; preservation of semen at different temperatures,Storage and shipment of semen. Semen metabolism.Biochemistry of semen.

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ANDROLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

VOG-512 Cr. Hrs. 0+2=2

PRACTICAL:

Andrological investigations of breeding bulls.Assessment of sires. Physical examinations - observingsexual behaviour, palpation of scortium, spermatic chord,seminal vesicles and ampullae. Collection of materials forsperm activity, morphology and diagnosis of reproductivedisorders in bulls.

Preparation of A.V., collection of semen, evaluation,dilution, preservation techniques at different temperature.Freezing of semen. Insemination techniques in chilled andfrozen semen.

Planning and organisation of A.I. centre. Selection,care, training and maintenance of breeding bulls for A.I.,recording systems. Care, sterilisation, storage and upkeepof equipments used for Artificial Insemination.

DEPT. OF SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY

SEMESTER VII

GENERAL SURGERY AND ANAESTHESIOLOGY

VSR-411 Cr. Hrs. 2+1=3GENERAL SURGERY

THEORY:

Introduction, history, classification and developmentof Veterinary Surgery. General surgical principles, pre-operative and post-operative considerations. Importanceof sutures, suturing materials and different knots. Asepsis-antisepsis, their application in veterinary surgery,sterilization of surgical materials and instruments.Inflammation, abscess, tumours, cysts, hernia etc. and theirtreatment. Wound: classification, symptoms-diagnosis andtreatment; complfcations and their preventions andremedies. Haemorrhage and haemostasis, shock,haematoma, necrosis, gangrene, bum and scald, frost bite.Surgical infections and their preventions and theirmanagement. Surgical affections of muscles, vessels andnerves. Fracture and dislocation and other affections ofjoints.PRACTICAL:

1. Introduction to the layout of operation theatre,common equipments, surgical instruments.

2. Restraint, positioning, bandaging, catheter-izations etc.

3.

4.

5.

Operation theatre routines.

Preparation of surgical pack, sterlization;Familiarization with various suture materials,sutures.

Tying surgical knots, double hand, single hand etc.

Tension sutures; bowel and uterine sutures.

6.

7.

(practicals of anaesthesia).

36

8. Demonstration of surgical operation - control ofhaemorrhage, suturing etc.

Initiation to live surgery.ANAESTHESIOLOGY

9.

THEORY:

Development of the subject and its importance inveterinary surgery. General considerations, types ofanaesthesia, definition and selection of anaesthetic andmethods of administration. Preparation of the patient foranaesthesia. Local and regional analgesia: (surfaceanaesthesia, infiltration, field blocks, regional anaesthesia,nerve blocks). Nacnosis and premedication in domesticanimals. General anaesthesia, definition, methods ofinducing general anesthesia, anaesthetic drugs, inhalationanaesthesia, its method of administration in horse, cattleand dog. Intravenous anaesthesia; dissociative anaesthesia,electro anaesthesia; acupuncture, hypothermia etc. (onlyawareness). Anaesthetic emergencies and remedies.Chemical restraint of wild/zoo animals; Anaesthesia of labanimals.

PRACTICAL:

1. Familiarisation with anaesthetic apparatus,endotracheal devices, laryngoscope, gadgets formonitoring.

2. Administration of inhalent anaesthetics by variousmethods small animals (demonstration and practice).

3. Methods of local infiltration (Ring-block,diamond-block, T-block etc. (demonstration and practice).

4. Eipidural and paravertebral analgesia in cattle(demonstration and practice).

5. Preparation, calculation of dose and induction ofanaesthesia in large animals.

6. Regional block, intravenous retrograde regionalanaesthesia -cattle (demonstration and practice).

7. Demonstration of monitoring of generalanaesthesia and the management of anaestheticemergencies. Use of artificial respiration etc.

8. Chemical restraint of lab and wild animals (visitto a wild animal facility envisaged) (Also can arrangedemonstration by an expert).

SEMESTER VIII

RADIOLOGY, REGIONAL AND CLINICALSURGERY-I

VSR-421 Cr. Hrs. 2+0=2

1. Brief historical backgrounds of invention of X-ray scope, history and development of Veterinary Radiology.

2. Production and properties of X-rays.

3. Factors influencing production of radiograph(radiographic factors, geometric factors, photographicfactors), density, detail and contrast.

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4. X-ray accessories filters, restrictors, collimator, gridetc. X-ray film and its processing.

5. Intensifying screen its use, advantages anddisadvantages. Flouroscopy.

6. Principle of viewing and interpreting X-ray films.Classification of radiographic lesions.

7. Contrast Radiography - classification, materialsused, indications and contra-indications.

8. Biological effects of radiation; measurement ofradiation; radiation hazards and their prevention by adoptionof safety measures.

9. Principle of ultrasonography in veterinary practice.10. Principles of radiation therapy; Isotopes and their

uses in diagnosis and therapy.

11. Principle of physical therapy, its classification, scopeand limitation.

- Mechanisms, applications, indications and contra-indications of medical galvanism and other electricalstimulationsfor diagnosis and therapy.

Mechanisms, applications, indications and contra-indicationsof cold and heat therapy, massage, hydrotherapy,infrared and ultraviolet therapy.

12. Mechanisms, applications, indications and contra-indications of short wave, micro wave diathermy and ultra-sonic therapy.REGIONALSURGERY:

1. Affections of the lips and cheek and their treatment.2. Affections of tongue and their treatme.nt : strang-

ulation, smooth tongue, tumours of tongue, Ranula, .snakebites, trauma, gangrene, sublingual abscess, glossoplegia,actinobacillosis.Milk suckling (surgical treatment).

3. Affectionsof thepalate and treatment: Lampsas, cleftpalate, palatine tumours, protrusion and strangulation of softpalate in camels,

4. Affections of nose and treatments: Atheroma, nasalpolyps, resection of the nasal septum, necrosis of theturbinates,parasites in the nasal chamber.

5. Affections and treatments of Gutteral pouch,empyema,chondritis, tympanitis, sinusitis, pus in the sinus.

6. Affections of the horn and their treatment: Avulsionof the horn, broken horn. Horn cancer. Fracture of the hornand fistula in horn, debudding, amputation of the horn.

7. Affectionsof the teeth and their treatment: congenitalabhOrmalities,irregular molars (shear mouth, sharp teeth,waveform mouth, stepformed mouth, s'mooth mouth,prematurewater mouth; dental tartar and dental caries, dentaltumour (odontoma, adamentenoma), periodontal disease.Bishoping.

8. Affection of salivary glands and their treatment:trauma,sialoliths, salivary cysts, salivary fistuala, neoplasm,sub-parotidabcess.

I

9. Cogential affections of lower jaw and treatment:paralysis of lowerjaw Gnathitis, lymphadinitis of jaw, injuriesand fracture of hayoid bone and crib biting.

10. Affections of the ear and their treatment:

examination of ear, haematoma of ear, ear cropping, necrosisof conchal cartilage, dropping ears, ulceration of conchalcartilage, conchalfistula, otitis externa, otitis media, chronicotoria, tumour in the ear and F.B. Tympanitis.

11. Eye: Anatomical considerations and examination ofthe eye.

12. Surgical affections of the eye: entropion, ectopion,growths and tumours of eye lid and conjunctiva; conjunctivitis,occulusion of nasolacrymal duct, squint.

13/14. Eye ball: Affections of cornea, ciliary apparatus,lens, truamatic affections of the eye. Hydropthalmia,Glaucoma, tumours of eye, Panopthalrnia,Retinal detachment.Injuries and-infections of anterior and posterior chambers.

15. Affections of Neck: yolk gall, yolk abscess, yolktumours, torticolis; affections of whithers.

16. Affections of oesophagus: oesophageal ulcers,oesophageal stenosis, dialation and diverticulum; chocking.Tracheal injuries, collapse of trachea and tracheal tumours.Affections of Pharynx and Larynx: Foreign bodies; Abcess,traumatic injuries, fistulae.

SEMESTER VIII

RADIOLOGY, REGIONAL & CLINICAL SURGERY-I(Clinics - Practice)

VSR-422 Cr. Hrs. 0+2=2

RADIOLOGY:

1. Familiarization with and operation of the X-rayequipment, X-ray accessories and dark room equipments.

2. Positioning and radiography of different parts of thebody in small and large animals. Adoption of safety measures,film processing.

3. Handling, viewing and interpretation of an X-rayfilm. Familiarisation with film contrast, density and detail;spot film viewing, Common defects of X-ray films.Interpretation of classified lesions.

4. Radiographic pathology of the skull -large and smallanimals (clinical cases/transparencies).

5/6. Radiographic pathology of bones and joints -smalland large animals.

7. Radiographic pathology of thorax.

8. Radiographic pathology of abdominal cavity.

9/1O.Demonstration of contrast techniques small animals.

11. Farniliarisation with fluoroscopic examination andultrasonography.

12. Techniques and application.of diathermy, electricalstimulators, ultrasonic therapy.