Milk n Milk Products

8/14/2019 Milk n Milk Products

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Nutrition and

health

Name of teacher : Svitlana

Topic: Milk and milk products

Project by: Jagdish Suruchi Sharma

Group: 38 , III Course

Lugansk -2010
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Milk and milk productsThe milkof each species of animal is a complete food for itsyoung. Moreover, one pint

ofcows milk contributes about 90 percent of the calcium, 30 to 40 percent of the

riboflavin, 25 to 30 percent of the protein, 10 to 20 percent of the calories and vitamins Aand B, and up to 10 percent of the iron and vitamin D needed by a human adult. (See

table.)

Humans are the only free living animals that consume the milk of other species, and do

so even beyond weaning. Three quarters of adults in the world are lactose intolerant, thatis, lack the enzyme (lactase) needed to break down the sugar found in milk (lactose); this

makes them unable to digest milk properly and leads to more or less serious digestivedisorders.

The nutritional profile of milk is similar to that of meat. Both foods have similar amountsof saturated fat and protein. Like meat, milk completely lacks the fiber and hundreds of

phytochemicals which are contained in plant-based foods, and which have been found to

be protective against degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease and cancers.[Goodland2001]

The production of meat and the production of milk are strongly linked; one can be called

a by-product of the other. The effects on health of an increased consumption of milk and

dairy products are similar to those of an increased consumption of other animal products,such as meat and suet. While low-fat dairy products might sound healthier, the fat

removed in the manufacturing of such products is never wasted, but is consumed as

butter, cream, ice cream, or processed foods, so the net positive effect on public health is

zero. Scientific evidence is now available of the fact that dairy products have no benefitswhich are not better obtainable elsewhere, and that their consumption poses major risks

that contribute to morbidity and mortality. [Goodland2001]

It is commonly believed that the calcium content of cow's milk makes it an essential foodto prevent brittle bones, particularly for children. The problem is that even though milk

may be an efficient way to get calcium from food, it also comes with a lot of negatives,

particularly a very high saturated fat content. As Professor Walter Willett points out,

'drinking three glasses a day would be the equivalent of eating twelve strips of bacon or aBig Mac and an order of fries'. [Willet2001]

Moreover, keeping your bones strong depends more on preventing loss of calcium than

on boosting calcium intake. We regularly lose calcium from our bloodstream through

urine, sweat, and feces; this calcium then has to be replaced with calcium obtained fromfoods or drawn from our bones. One major factor in calcium depletion are high-protein
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diets, which cause more calcium to be lost through the urine. Of course diets rich in meat

and dairy products tend to exceed by far the recommended protein levels. [PCRM1999]

Also, protein from animal products is much more likely to cause calcium loss thanprotein from plant foods, and milk and dairies are very rich in animal proteins, thus, even

if they are rich in calcium, too, the overall balance is often negative, and causes calcium

depletion in the bones.

The high prevalence of osteoporosis in countries where dairy consumption is high is afurther indicator of its ineffectiveness in countering brittle bones. The World Health

Organisation/Food and Agriculture Organisation's summary of the latest evidence on

osteoporosis states that for most people there appears to be no correlation betweenincreased calcium intake and a decreased risk of bone fractures. The dietary

recommendation from the WHO/FAO for osteoporosis is to eat more fruit and vegetables

rather than rely on dairy foods to ensure good bone health.

Nutrient composition of dairy products (per 100 g)

dairy productenergy

(kcal)

water

(g)

protein

(g)

fat

(g)

carbohy-

drate (g)

cholesterol

(mg)

vitamin

A (IU)

riboflavin

(mg)

calcium

(mg)

fresh milk

whole 61 88 3.29 3.34 4.66 14 126 0.162 119

low-fat* 50 89 3.33 1.92 4.80 8 205 0.165 122

skim* 35 91 3.41 0.18 4.85 2 204 0.140 123

evaporatedmilk

134 74 6.81 7.56 10.04 29 243 0.316 261

evaporated

skim milk* 78 79 7.55 0.20 11.35 4 392 0.309 290

sweetened

condensed

milk

321 27 7.91 8.70 54.40 34 328 0.416 284

nonfat drymilk*

358 4 35.10 0.72 52.19 18 2,370 1.744 1,231

butter 717 16 0.85 81.11 0.06 219 3,058 0.034 24

ice cream(vanilla)

201 61 3.50 11.00 23.60 44 409 0.240 128

ice milk

(vanilla)139 68 3.80 4.30 22.70 14 165 0.265 139

sherbet(orange)

138 66 1.10 2.00 30.40 5 76 0.068 54

frozen yogurt,

nonfat128 69 3.94 0.18 28.16 2 7 0.265 134

buttermilk 40 90 3.31 0.88 4.79 4 33 0.154 116

sour cream 214 71 3.16 20.96 4.27 44 790 0.149 116


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yogurt, plain,

low-fat63 85 5.25 1.55 7.04 6 66 0.214 183

yogurt, fruit,low-fat

102 74 4.37 1.08 19.05 4 46 0.178 152

Cheese

blue 353 42 21.40 28.74 2.34 75 721 0.382 528Brie 334 48 20.75 27.68 0.45 100 667 0.520 184

Cheddar 403 37 24.90 33.14 1.28 105 1,059 0.375 721

cottage 103 79 12.49 4.51 2.68 15 163 0.163 60

cream 349 54 7.55 34.87 2.66 110 1,427 0.197 80

mozzarella** 280 49 27.47 17.12 3.14 54 628 0.343 731

Parmesan,

grated456 18 41.56 30.02 3.74 79 701 0.386 1,376

Emmentaler(Swiss)

376 37 28.43 27.54 3.38 92 845 0.365 961

*Fortified with vitamin A.**Low moisture, part skim.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Composition of Foods, Agriculture Handbookno. 8-1.

The composition of milk differs widely between species. Factors such as the type ofprotein; the proportion of protein, fat, and sugar; the levels of various vitamins and

minerals; and the size of thebutterfatglobulesand the strength of thecurd are among

those than can vary.For example:

Human milkcontains, on average, 1.1% protein, 4.2% fat, 7.0% lactose (a sugar),and supplies 72 kcal of energy per 100grams.

Cow's milk contains, on average, 3.4% protein, 3.6% fat, and 4.6% lactose, 0.7%

mineralsand supplies 66 kcal of energy per 100 grams. See alsoNutritional valuefurther on.

Donkey and horse milk have the lowest fat content, while the milk ofseals and whales

can contain more than 50% fat. High fat content is not unique to aquatic mammals, as

guinea pigmilk has an average fat content of 46%.

Milk composition analysis, per 100 grams

Constituents unit Cow Goat SheepWater

buffalo

Water g 87.8 88.9 83.0 81.1

Protein g 3.2 3.1 5.4 4.5

Fat g 3.9 3.5 6.0 8.0

Carbohydrate g 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(liquid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(liquid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(liquid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#Nutritional_valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_pighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_pighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(liquid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#Nutritional_valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_pighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalo


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Energy kcal 66 60 95 110

Energy kJ 275 253 396 463

Sugars (lactose) g 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.9

Cholesterol mg 14 10 11 8

Calcium IU 120 100 170 195

Fatty acids saturated g 2.4 2.3 3.8 4.2

Mono-unsaturated fatty acids g 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.7

Polyunsaturated ffatty acids g 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

These compositions vary by breed, animal, and point in the lactation period.

Milk fat percentages

Cow breed Approximate percentage

Jersey 5.2

Zebu 4.7

Brown Swiss 4.0

Holstein-Friesian 3.6

The protein range for these four breeds is 3.3% to 3.9%, while the lactose range is 4.7%

to 4.9%.

Milk fat percentages can be manipulated by dairy farmers' diet formulation strategies.

Mastitis infection can cause fat levels to decline.

Nutritional value

Cow milk (whole)

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 252 kJ (60 kcal)

Carbohydrates 5.26 g

Sugars 5.26 g

Lactose 5.26 g

Fat 3.25 g

saturated 1.865 g

monounsaturated 0.812 g

polyunsaturated 0.195 g

Protein 3.22 g

Tryptophan 0.075 g
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Threonine 0.143 g

Isoleucine 0.165 g

Leucine 0.265 g

Lysine 0.140 g

Methionine 0.075 g

Cystine 0.017 g

Phenylalanine 0.147 g

Tyrosine 0.152 g

Valine 0.192 g

Arginine 0.075 g

Histidine 0.075 g

Alanine 0.103 g

Aspartic acid 0.237 g

Glutamic acid 0.648 g

Glycine 0.075 g

Proline 0.342 g

Serine 0.107 g

Water 88.32 g

Vitamin A equiv. 28 g (3%)

Thiamine (Vit. B1) 0.044 mg (3%)

Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.183 mg (12%)

Vitamin B12 0.44 g (18%)

Vitamin D 40 IU (10%)

Calcium 113 mg (11%)

Magnesium 10 mg (3%)

Potassium 143 mg (3%)

100 ml corresponds to 103 g.

Percentages are relative to US recommendationsfor adults.Source: USDA Nutrient database

Processed milk began containing differing amounts of fat during the 1950s. 1 cup (250

ml) of 2%-fat milk contains 285 mg ofcalcium, which represents 22% to 29% of the

daily recommended intake(DRI) of calcium for an adult. Depending on the age, milkcontains 8 grams ofprotein, and a number of other nutrients (either naturally or through

fortification) including:
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Biotin

pantothenic acid

Iodine

Potassium

Magnesium

Selenium Thiamine

Vitamin A

Vitamin B12

Riboflavin

Vitamins D

Vitamin K

The amount ofcalcium from milk that is absorbed by the human body is disputed.[38][39]

Calcium from dairy products has a greaterbioavailability than calcium from certain

vegetables, such as spinach, that contain high levels of calcium-chelating agents, but a

similar or lesser bioavailability than calcium from low-oxalate vegetables such as kale,broccoli, or other vegetables in the Brassica genus.

Medical research

Studies show possible links between low-fat milk consumption and reduced risk ofarterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer and obesity. Overweight

individuals who drink milk may benefit from decreased risk ofinsulin resistance and type

2 diabetes. One study has shown that for women desiring to have a child, those whoconsume full fat dairy products may actually slightly increase their fertility, while those

consuming low fat dairy products may slightly reduce their fertility. Milk is a source of

Conjugated linoleic acid.

It appears to be effective at promoting muscle growth.

Lactose intolerance

Main article: lactose intolerance

Lactose, the disaccharide sugar component of all milk must be cleaved in the smallintestine by the enzymelactasein order for its constituents (galactoseandglucose) to be

absorbed. The production of this enzyme declines significantly afterweaning in all

mammals. Consequently, many humans become unable to properly digest lactose as theymature. There is a great deal of variance, with some individuals reacting badly to even

small amounts of lactose, some able to consume moderate quantities, and some able to

consume large quantities of milk and other dairy products without problems. When an

individual consumes milk without producing sufficient lactase, they may sufferdiarrhea,intestinal gas, cramps andbloating, as the undigested lactose travels through the

gastrointestinal tract and serves as nourishment for intestinal microflora who excrete gas,

a process known as anaerobic respiration.
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It is estimated that 30 to 50 million Americans are lactose intolerant, including 75 percent

of Native Americans and African-Americans, and 90 percent of Asian Americans.

Lactose intolerance is less common among those descended from northern Europeans.[45]

Lactose intolerance is a natural process and there is no reliable way to prevent or reverse

it. Lactase is readily available in pill form, and many individuals can use it to brieflyincrease their tolerance for dairy products.

Controversy

Other studies suggest that milk consumption may increase the risk of suffering fromcertain health problems. Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is as an immunologically mediated

adverse reaction to one or more cow's milk proteins. Rarely is it severe enough to cause

death.[46] Milk contains casein, a substance that breaks down in the human stomach toproduce casomorphin, an opioid peptide. In the early 1990s it was hypothesized that

casomorphin can cause or aggravate autism,[47][48] andcasein-free diets are widely

promoted. Studies supporting these claims have had significant flaws, and the data areinadequate to guide autism treatment recommendations.[48]Studies described in the book

The China Study note a correlation between casein intake and the promotion of cancer

cell growth when exposed to carcinogens. However other studies have shown whey

protein offers a protective effect against colon cancer.[49]

A study demonstrated that men who drink a large amount of milk and consume dairy

products were at a slightly increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease; the effect for

women was smaller.[50] The reason behind this is not fully understood, and it also remainsunclear why there is less of a risk for women.[50][51] Several sources suggest a correlation

between high calcium intake (2000 mg per day, or twice the USrecommended daily

allowance, equivalent to six or more glasses of milk per day) andprostate cancer.[52]

Alarge study specifically implicates dairy, i.e., low-fat milk and other dairy to whichvitamin A palmitate has been added.[53][54] A review published by the World Cancer

Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Researchstates that at least eleven

human population studies have linked excessive dairy product consumption and prostatecancer,[55] howeverrandomized clinical trial data with appropriate controls only exists for

calcium, not dairy produce, where there was no correlation.[56]Medical studies have also

shown a possible link between milk consumption and the exacerbation of diseases suchas Crohn's disease,[57]Hirschsprung's diseasemimicking symptoms in babies with

existing cow's milk allergies,[58] and the aggravation of Behet's disease.[59]

Bovine growth hormone supplementation

Since November 1993, with FDA approval,[60]Monsantohas been selling recombinant

bovine somatotropin (rbST), also called rBGH, to dairy farmers. Cows produce bovine

growth hormone naturally, but some producers administer an additional recombinantversion of BGH which is produced through a genetically-engineeredE. coli because it

increases milk production. Bovine growth horome also stimulates liver production of

insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). If rbST-treated cows produced milk with higher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-44%23cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_allergyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-45%23cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casomorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-46%23cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_China_Studyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated1-49%23cite_note-autogenerated1-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated1-49%23cite_note-autogenerated1-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated1-49%23cite_note-autogenerated1-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-50%23cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_daily_allowancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_daily_allowancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_daily_allowancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-51%23cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-52%23cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-53%23cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cancer_Research_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cancer_Research_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_for_Cancer_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_for_Cancer_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-54%23cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-55%23cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-55%23cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-55%23cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crohn's_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirschsprung's_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-57%23cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-57%23cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-58%23cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-58%23cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-59%23cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-59%23cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_somatotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_somatotropinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically-engineeredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._colihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._colihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-44%23cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_allergyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-45%23cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casomorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-46%23cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated3-47%23cite_note-autogenerated3-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_China_Studyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated1-49%23cite_note-autogenerated1-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated1-49%23cite_note-autogenerated1-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-50%23cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_daily_allowancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_daily_allowancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-51%23cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A_palmitatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-52%23cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-53%23cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cancer_Research_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cancer_Research_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_for_Cancer_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-54%23cite_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levels of IGF1 this would be of medical concern, because IGF1 stimulates cancer growth

in humans. Elevated levels of IGF1 in human blood has been linked to increased rates of

breast, colon, and prostate cancer.[61][62] Monsanto has stated that both of these compoundsare harmless given the levels found in milk and the effects ofpasteurization.[63] However

Monsanto's own tests, conducted in 1987, demonstrated that statistically significant

growth stimulating effects were induced in organs of adult rats by feeding IGF-1 at lowdose levels for only two weeks. "Drinking rBGH milk would thus be expected to

significantly increase IGF-1 blood levels and consequently to increase risks of

developing breast cancer and promoting its invasiveness."[64]

The EU has recommended against Monsanto milk[65]On June 9, 2006, the largest milkprocessor in the world and the two largest supermarkets in the United States--Dean

Foods,Wal-Mart, and Kroger--announced that they are "on a nationwide search for

rBGH-free milk."[66] Milk from cows given rBST may be sold in the United States, andthe FDA stated that no significant difference has been shown between milk derived from

rBST-treated and that from non-rBST-treated cows.[67]Milk that advertises that it comes

from cows not treated with rBST is required to state this finding on its label.

Cows receiving rBGH supplements may more frequently contract an udder infectionknown as mastitis[68] . Problems with mastitis have led to Canada, Australia, New Zealand,

and Japan banning milk from rBST treated cows. Mastitis, among other diseases, may be

responsible for the fact that levels ofwhite blood cellsin milk vary naturally.[69][70]

Ethical concerns

Vegans and some othervegetarians do not consume milk for a variety of reasons. Theymay object to features ofdairy farming including the necessity of killing almost all the

male offspring of dairy cows (either by disposal soon after birth, forveal production, orforbeef), the routine separation of mother and calf soon after birth, other perceived

inhumane treatment ofdairy cattle, and culling of cows after their productive lives.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-60%23cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-61%23cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-IFST-62%23cite_note-IFST-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-63%23cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-64%23cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-64%23cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Marthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Marthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-65%23cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-67%23cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-67%23cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated2-68%23cite_note-autogenerated2-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-69%23cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-60%23cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-61%23cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-IFST-62%23cite_note-IFST-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-63%23cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-64%23cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Marthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-65%23cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-67%23cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-autogenerated2-68%23cite_note-autogenerated2-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#cite_note-69%23cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattle


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Dairy product

Dairy products are generally defined as foods produced fromCow's orDomestic

Buffalo'smilk. They are usually high-energy-yielding food products. A production plantfor such processing is called a dairy or a dairy factory. Raw milk for processing mostly

comes from Cows and to a lesser amount from Domestic Buffalos, but occasionally from

othermammalssuch as goats, sheep, yaks, orhorses. Dairy products are commonlyfound in European,Middle Eastern andIndian cuisine, whereas they are almost unknown

in East Asian cuisine.

Milk products and production relationships
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easternhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian


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Types of dairy products

Milkafter optional homogenization,pasteurization, in several grades after

standardization of the fat level, and possible addition of bacteria Streptococcus

lactis andLeuconostoc citrovorum

o Crme frache, slightly fermented cream

Smetana, Central and Eastern European variety of sour cream Clotted cream, thick spoonable cream made by heating

o Cultured buttermilk, fermented concentrated (water removed) milk using

the same bacteria as sour creamo Kefir, fermented milk resembling buttermilk but based on different yeast

and bacteria culture

o Kumis/Airag, slightly fermented mares' milk popular in Central Asia

o Milk powder(or powdered milk), produced by removing the water from

milk

Whole milk products Buttermilk products

Skim milk

Whey products Ice Cream

High milk-fat & nutritional products (for infant formulas)

Cultured and confectionery products

o Condensed milk, milk which has been concentrated by evaporation, often

with sugar added for longer life in an opened can

o Evaporated milk, (less concentrated than condensed) milk without added

sugar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenization_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_fra%C3%AEchehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_fra%C3%AEchehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotted_creamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_buttermilkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdered_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skim_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dairy_farm.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenization_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_fra%C3%AEchehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotted_creamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_buttermilkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdered_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skim_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk


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o Ricotta cheese, milk heated and reduced in volume, known in Indian

cuisine as Khoa

o Infant formula, dried milk powder with specific additives for feeding

human infants

o Baked milk, a variety of boiled milk that has been particularly popular in

Russia Butter, mostly milk fat, produced by churning cream

o Buttermilk, the liquid left over after producing butter from cream, often

dried as livestockfoodo Ghee, clarified butter, by gentle heating of butter and removal of the solid

matter

o Anhydrous milkfat

Cheese, produced by coagulating milk, separating from whey and letting it ripen,

generally withbacteria and sometimes also with certain molds

o Curds, the soft curdled part of milk (or skim milk) used to make cheese (or

casein)

o Whey, the liquid drained from curds and used for further processing or asa livestock food

o Cottage cheese

o Quark

o Cream cheese, produced by the addition of cream to milk and then curdled

to form a rich curd or cheese made from skim milk with cream added to

the curd

o Fromage frais

Casein

o Caseinates

o Milkprotein concentrates and isonates

o Wheyprotein concentrates and isonateso Hydrolysates

o Mineral concentrates

Yogurt, milk fermented by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus andLactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus sometimes with additional bacteria,

such asLactobacillus acidophiluso Ayran

o Lassi

Clabber (food), milk naturally fermented top yogurt-like state

Gelato, slowly frozen milk and water, lesser fat than ice cream

Ice cream, slowly frozen cream and emulsifying additives

o Ice milko Frozen custard

o Frozen yogurt, yogurt with emulsifiers that is frozen

Other

Health risks of consuming dairy products
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricotta_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttermilkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydroushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottage_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_(cheese)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromage_fraishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caseinates&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrolysates&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_ssp._bulgaricushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clabber_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_creamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_custardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_yogurthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricotta_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttermilkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydroushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottage_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_(cheese)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_cheesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fromage_fraishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caseinates&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrolysates&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_ssp._bulgaricushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clabber_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_creamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_milkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_custardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_yogurt


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Dairy may cause health issues for individuals with lactose intolerance and asthmaetc.

Dairy products may be contaminated with the fungus Aspergillus fumigatuswhich can

cause asthma and other respiratory problems. Vegansand some vegetarians avoid dairyproducts due to a variety of ethical,dietary, environmental, political, and religious

concerns.

Reference:

Usage on de.wikipedia.org

o Benutzer:AssetBurned/Merker

Usage on lt.wikipedia.org

o Pieno produktas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose_intolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_fumigatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_fumigatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:AssetBurned/Merkerhttp://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieno_produktashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose_intolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_fumigatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:AssetBurned/Merkerhttp://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieno_produktas

Milk n Milk Products

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