10 Pump and Valve Mechanisms

8/3/2019 10 Pump and Valve Mechanisms

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HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR FOR AIRCRAFT

ACTUATOR ACCEPTS ELECTRICALDIGITALCONTROL SIGNALS DIRECTLY- ELIMINATESDIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS

A"uralt: r.:oo[ral o f p is lon pos il ionin hydraulic a..:lualor for aircraf t hash id lhear ing s cr ew mouoted d ir ei :: ll y topi:'lOn by means o f threaded mil. Pistonrod i~ aC(UaleJ lineally by meaDS of

hydraulic pressuru applied to ball outt hr ou gh p or t A or R. I .i ne ar mov eme ntp rodw .: es r ot ar y mut ion in " ': few whkhi s a ll ac he J 1 0 n o- ba d. b ra ki ng Je vi cePi sl on r oJ. t he rdo re , t :a n be st opp ed

F \ ,. -/ I r ,' d

/ la",ve

Y,~. /. ~_I:-~iJ.by 'ny l in", po, ;, ion hy "", ,' ing I II< I( 'ver of braklClg J t:vice. AUa-.:hing C


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13 Rotary-Pump MechanismsSIGMUND RAPPAPORT PrQjeu SlIp"lIisor. Ford InJlfll"ltml CQ11IpanJ AJ/1l1Ji1 Pr,,/eIICJf (JJ Ki"l!fIJ


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NEW PUMP PRINCIPLES

317

Chicagu L.tbUf.l1UfJ (, Enginuri.g Co.,N. KeJ.e Ate., Chh.Jgo 18, 11/.

TO OVERCOME I tb tJ \r h ~hlgl ;: l~h f npou seu f d uuhle aduig phlull p ll i llp. 111( ;holt: 10~tlO"c.:rJtio \\,.1)III( IlJ\l'J I ,) 110 I , J ud hJl ld lc k\t.:rgnell [ () IIJ 1 u ll " L JI l'd ll th ./ or g in 'l l r ai l' , ,(ddl\l"I)". \.11111'I II "I II II o f d l'l \t i ~ l eq I Il le d 1 0(Pt"ILtl" dIJllhlt-;hlwg 1'11I1Ij1;1\ InU\udU,II.41 dlJI' IH.lglIl IIIIIlip 1'111111'J ILddl\t '1 I II ' tu 20 g ,dptr Llliuutc.:

has f il led the l"hamber betw~n it and "OIne 1.. In (C) , vlU1e 1 isbdng withdraw() i nl u Ih e c ol Or 10 . Iow fluid 10 diuharge. Vaue2 i lUS a s a sq ui lfe p ist on. In ( D), vOi ne 1 i s wmpl ct dy wi th .drawn, and. vilne 2 hilSs taned il~ wilhJcilwal.

The m: w "Clcw" pump features apumping adi on resembling that of asqu are pi st on t ra ve li ng smoo thl y a ndc on ti nu ou sl y i n a s( lu are cy li nd er ofi nf ini te J en gt h. T hi s a ct ion gi ve ~ Ih efe at ure s o f a t ur bi ne h avi ng p osi ti vedi sp la ceme nt . T he p ump wi ll ha ndl el iquids , g as es o r a ir .

Inlet

While a diaphragm-type hand pump requires less manua.leffort for a given rate of flow, a doublc-acling pi~ton pumpi s b as ic al ly e asi er t o m an uf ac tur e. Obj en ive be hi nd Ih e devdopment of chis new pump by J ohn Wo od Co ., Musk ego n,Mich., was (0 dc:)ign a pi~(on pump requiring Ic~s manuale ff ort , wi th ou t sa cri fi ci ng c ost an d e ase of m an uf a( (u re .

HAND PUMP WITHDOUBLE ACTING PISTON

UNIQUE off centee pin and yoke-crossheOid give pos itive dis p lan~ment . I n (A) .b ove, v ane 1 c real e~ a vacuum beh ind i t. ., i l i~ pus hed au' o f the r otor and into the pumping chamber .In (B), vane 1 bas beep pushed out iu maxi mum stroke and

~~~~~,~,~,.,.FLOW nIAGR.\M iIImtrJln \lIuplh 11\uf 1)lIllIp dl' ,I~II L",hl(IIlg 1I1.I1J1lf.LItnriug C!i~ts. C,!iu(!t-r i~ 11~l'd10 glllll, thJ\I'1'.1111.,lnl,l[wg ;111\,HldJlj(,11.I1wa ll in g. I .O\ \l I m id \aln: and IIppeldhlh,lI~l \.illl .lIl p.ut I> t I ]Ill'lt: a~~


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NEW PUMP PRINCIPLES - con tinued NEW FAN AND BLOWER PRINCIPLES

l.haust-

-P(JII~1'[JtirIfl9pin-Span;ROiallfl9'dlSkO/sAslop

100 Perct:/llFlt"o.:ircuklllOOI

.~(~~IPorti",1 Rccin:ul.dio>n

A variabJe-pih.'h fun for curs, a fan Ihat willa dj us t i ts per fo rmance 10 coo ling nt:ed s an dm in im iz e w as le o f p owe r, i s b ei ng i nt ro du ced b yS cr ck R ad ia to r S er vi ces Limi te d, 3


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TYPES OF VALVES USED IN l-IYDRAULIC TRANSMISSIONS

Q=r=[JJoI "OOL FORAIRUI"TACTO"

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UII I \ 01 I i I ' H( :' :' LH t:~ I IO "" ro11 1 \ T ll f IUTI, tlN u ttCl JIT L::!JFROMOP(RATNGCYUtOR

10OPERATNGCYUtDEA

Fig. /1- Pilot I!alve. (u/HH"p a nd l el t) S po ul s u ll he ,e v al ve sa re t hr ow n b y nwu or dogs, o r m ay b e m ov ed m ag ne t." ,a ll y b y 5uleuoi(k O il p re ss ur e Iwm t he p um p i.j di .r ee le d a lt erna te ly t o b ot h ends by mean . 01 a rt'venin,( 'a lve , F ig . 5 ,

Fig,. 7 tmd 8 -Dwel l a nd I hrou li uB vaf t- e . The .# !. pr hl g. lo ad ed v al ve s a re a ct ua le d b )" ca ms o r o ilpressure. Cum a ct io n J 1W ve . t he . po ol a nd shuls00 this free oil delivery. permitting only arestricted o i l { low throu8h thro tt l it lg ad jua tmen t.I n t he p it ot v al ve line, this vallie d da y. a ct io n o jt he r ev en in g v al ve a nd p ermi t. a p er io d 0 1 d w el la t the en d 0 1 t he str okto 0 1fhe operating pi.ton,T he c ha ng e I ro m Ir ee t o r es tr ict ed f la K' m ay b ea br up t o r g ra du al , d ep en di tl g u po n t he . po ol e m.p lo ye d. I n p re uu re a dU al t' d v uh es , F ig. 8 . thevalve i. normally held closed by the .pring.Delivery 01 oil i. r es tr ic te d b y u t hroa li ng a dj u. t.ment IU long IU the l'allle is c lo se d, W hen / lo w i sr ev en ed . o il p re ssure l il t. t he v ul l' f' a nd p ermi t.free ddivery 0 1 t he o il .

Fig, 5 - Reversing valve . This t:atlled ir ec t. o il / low in a nd o ut 0 1 e i th er e nd0 1 a n o pe ra ti ng c yl i" de r . 4 .eparatepilot valve, Fig. 6 , c on trol , t he o il p re .-.Jure. The rev er si ng .v ah le . po ol nwi ".ain. a central po. i,ion and {loal.b etwe en two .pr in g, . P il ot ( 'a ll ie a ct IOnmo ves tM .po ol. Wh en th e .po ol i. ato ne end 0 1 t he v al ve , o il u nd er p re~5 ur t'J lo ~ I ro m t he p um p t hr ou gh t he taltlt!i nt o o ne e nd 01 the operat ing cyl inder,a nd a l. t h e . af fl e t im e, o iL i ll t he o th ,' re nd 0 1 t he o pe ra ti ng c yl in der i~ dis .charged into the re.eTl..'oir.

TOCYLINOER'0'R OM P UM P

Valves a re the ner ""e cen te r o f hyd raul ic (~i rcui ls .In machine lools, Ihey provide reversal of mol ion, ( Iwdl an4 ) I Il ro li li ng a .- tion , seque lU:e con t ro l, a nd r el ief o f O il ))r e8 8ur e. Some of t he common fo rm8 o f t he se v al u> s ar e i lIu 8t ra le d.

Pi". 2 - Seeluence cOI!tro ! ("nhe. Some mach ines are designed.0 t ha t o ne .eries 01 nwt imu nuu t b e compl et ed b elCKea no th er u ri e. c an . ta rl . T hi s t yp e v al ve p re ve nb t he f lo w01oil to No. 2 operating C)1imler Iudd the motion in No. 1c yl in de r h aJ b een compl et ed . B ol h e nd , 01 the Ireely floating p oo l a re u nd er o il p re uu re . T il e e nd e xp os ed t o p u mp p re ..ure is smaller tha n th e end up osed to p reuu re Iro m N o. IC)"Li nd er , F rom the p ump, o il fl(n(!' t hrou gh a coi l o f t ub in gwhi ch s li gh tl y rut ri ct s t he o il { low.Pressure in N o. I C )"Un der a lld o n No. I en d 01 th e valves po ol i ~ L eu t ha n t he p um p p re ss ur e, a nd t h, . d if fe re nc e onthe ends 0 1 t h e v al ve . hi lt . t he ~ p( )o l t oward. t he l ow p re u re, ie le . 1 ' II1W01o il toNo .2 c:r/i l(deris pret lented . J1'hen motionin No. I cyl inder i. comple ted, o il '10 l on ge r f low. t hrou gh ,heco il. Pr eu ur e o n bo th .ide. 01 the ( Ia l t'e j. equa li%pd . Ful lp um p p re uu re n ow a ct . o n I he l nr ge e nd (I I t he , po ol , a nd t he. po ol "~h i/ t. t o a dm it o il t o No.2 c :y li nd er .

FROMPUMP

fig. I S('hf'lII11rictliallTam 0/ rotary reversing vallie. Oilwa)'~i,l au o sc il la ti "g c yl in dr, 'u l p lu g res in el lCi th p or ts I t, hi d.cot uled bo th the ma in oil line from che p ump a nd th e (li, clU1Tge line to the reB1"voir w il h e i'Mr e nd of the ()per(Jtill~crl il /der. When oil u d ir ec te d f rom the p ump to one elld ojth t' operat ing cyl inder, o il in ~he ocher end 0/ the .ylinder isd ischf lrged through the rever.sing vallIe t o t he ,esen'oir. OneplHilioli 0/ the reversing vallJf! shown.

Fig. 3- Spring- lo f lded rel ie f valve . Th is valve it placed j'l till'p ump J is (' ha rg e l in e t o p ermi t a i/ to e sc ap e f rom the l in e t o t her eJ ervo ;, when rhe amoun t (,f o il d el iv er ed b y a coruttlnt.JischarS8 pump is more , ha u it n ee de d. H ig h preUUTf O l' e, .co me . t he co mp res si on 0 1 t h e . pr in g. l il t. t he v Ql ve I ro ll l i t.j(ut, a nd b )" p uu e. t he o il u nt il t he p re u re d ro p. b el ow t hecOlllpre.~ion ad justmen t 01 the spring .

Fij{. -I Stop ruille. JU IU /l ly p la ced i n tM m ai n o il /jilt! l ro m l he p um p a re o pt !r at edman ua ll y o r b y c an u. 1 'h ey a re d es i. gn ed t o a to p t he I II l1 ch in elit n IJTf'determineJ point.When t he spo ol is shi/tl'd t ll I I s to p p o. it io n. t he f lu l( " 0 1 o il is illtf>rrupted Wid mMhinemotion Iwltt 'cl . IT"h il t' t i le nwdli fl f' is i dl in g, t he f li l is b"\"-pfls~f'dat low prf'SSllre to ther~.err'oir thf'rt'b)" n'clucinJ{ potter ("o.h. l'he machine i" re~/(Irtecl pithpr mUlIuall)' b)"the0ptHlfor, or b) C(WII uhidj nUIIe the t'uh'e tu II nt/(" posit;'t"'.


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VALVE FOLLOWER MECFIANISMS FOR SERVO CONTROLS

'Controlcub!"

~ Cub/~ Co;1"''''CI.:Jr1 fOf"J",p or ,,,dderC"blf! mov"e,.,1rotd by movp",,,nt~ or rwdde>ror whaley~rNfl',""nt is bfl'lng controll",,,

Con"o l RodFIG, 3Follow Rod

"i lo 3--The Jl udliug I.w( i., Ih, 11111.,1 ,,"ulwnl) Iht et Iypto f f "J ll 1w (,f I Il Id ll wi :- .m , !\ IO \l IH Ifl t uf ( ol ln nl h an. !!, . " "t Ii Sva lvl , ( ausin~ M'rvo motur 10 npt: ra le the d,'sired "II nwIII,I Il t1 vt I II I nl o f w hi t, 1I e il u: .c - s f ol ll lw r od I II / 11 11 \ 1: il l s au lt d iu t t i n I t- . I IWW II II III nf I ul il ro ll ud . T hi ~ I "i ll ~: - , a hl IH il k I I)1I1'lI lral pu,. ili, .u,

. k IlU 1I 1 , , al I L " l il t I ". ,i li ol l I , .' I " I" "I .J IU J. ; I 111.11 (II ~lljdlI hl I lI nl r 1 1 (, \I r h iJ 1 " ( 11 ! li lh -d .

. \I I ch an il a l l ul lu l .r U lI d ut ll i m- a lt : 1 IIUl lit tlw lulllln iligh a l " typ. .: (11 SItl W and lil li , (21 I d 'd ge :. , I :i l l Io al iu gh:vlr,... I'!) l l it yd it , ~ wa ri ug , 151 I lr xi ll le C ll ft l a nd p ul le y~ .Eltdri(al and t !1 . 'l ru ui c ri n' ui b a ll il dr .\ i c~s a rc a l!l tJ P U!I bi li li l . . I ll dl m il dl l I II l o n d . rt d f ur ( I n ai n u p" li ca ti lJ ll s.

F i" . I --A pp li i ll ioJ l I If l il t, t loa lJ il K l eve r p ri ndI ll III Ihl dl ~i~u I a 1 1IU\\ocr 1IItI hulli m dtve-I, '! It d b y ( :u ll i \\ , i~ 11 1 A ir t r af t < :ur lu nt l iu n. The~al\l' a nd " I' nn / 1" \\ 01 '1 ' q li ndn ,III' 11unit.

FiJ(pd Gwide __

FIG. 1

,,,\Suppor fBParing

P,nion ,,_

CO"fro! f7'!o"rd foJde:>"rd pc>s"(>"c"u~:- 0'0/0' ~". f f ) , - ,.,~t~iI(f!'d d ~n pn' Pf !" P"f . 10act u"""'9 cylinJbe." '"0' f d ta, A to ". , ,11,,1FIG 4

.'j I-Schematic ul filcrewand-nul fullllwtrl II ~d ll .L l1 is m. H ut al iu ll ( If control whed h y t ll l~( J1 '~ ra l tl r causes axial IIwvt nwnt Hf lilt nut in(IIIC:=dirt'clion. thert'b .ucluillinll tht' v alve ( ~unIro Jlin~ till' ~ t' nu m;, lo r. S er vo mul ur lHove :I ht ~ r udde r. mul ion o f whi ch c ause s r ut a t i on o fpi nd ul l i u ~u,'h d di ne ti nn a s 1 0 c aL is e o pp ns il taxi,al !ra\ el uf t llt ~ R ut, Ihe re by re lurning Ihc\'al!\'t~ to nt lIlral posi lion, This is an old mt C'h,anhm used for steering ships, TIlt servuDlu,tor can he a steam engine, h) dralllil~ orI Jl u: :: =u ma li c c yl ind er or t ngi ne II r a n e le cl ri rmotor. For I he la~ 1 tYl le , the \ d lv e i s r ep la r" 11hy a n t 1t ( lri r ( ol ll r, ,1 s wi le h.

Wh"'

A~\ puwer'Ujwral,'d pH~ il i "l Iin~ 1nt I h d ll i" l Il . whcn: iu t he. p u r c ti l it ru ll t I II l tUH'1I 1 j. call~t"tI III JIIO\lI: to II I,o.!iitiunc(:.rrt'~p(Jndin!! In Ihal IIIwliidl Ih~ llianually.uperah-d contrulIt": \ I' r o r u ; cI h a~ het'li ~hiftl'd, must inenrp(JrlJl~ It v al \ (~ f ul )1)"H'r 1TItI :halli~lI1. Tilt: purpose of the vain: folluwer mechar.:aisffi i> 10 alitolllalicalh rdurn t he co nt ro l v al ve H I t ll l~pnwt' r or ~N" '( J11111110 i l~ n t' ut ra l pos it ion when t he Cf l Il lu ll t . .d

.'ie:, 2-A screw Ilm ad can he Ihougbt of asa rn wd if it rl i nc li nt !1 p la ne . Mo vi ng t he c onl ro lh iJ ll ll ll t di ,; )l la Ct ! > II II v al vl f rul II i t~ t H: ll lr alJ '' ', ;, i li un. e li ll si n~ . cr v" m ot or 111 1 11 0\ 1' Ih l"d er nr l1 l b ei ng c on lw ll er l. This last movementI au.ses Iltl follow rud 10 muve in the samedir~(;l iol i i n whkh Iht t :onHol rud was move d,I Iw .r t h) n l lI rn il lJ .! \ al \l I n i l: -. 1 II "I II ra i p o" it iu n.

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10 Pump and Valve Mechanisms

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