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*World War I: *World War I: THE GREAT WAR*THE GREAT WAR*

*World War I: *World War I: THE GREAT WAR*THE GREAT WAR*

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Europe in 1900Europe in 1900 Five main powers in Europe at the

beginning of the 1900’s

1. Austria-Hungary2. France3. Germany4. Great Britain5. Russia

Match each of the above

A

B C

DE

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Europe in 1900Europe in 1900 Five main powers in Europe

at the beginning of the 1900’sA. Great BritainB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. GermanyE. Russia

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Heads of State: ‘All in the Family’ in World War IHeads of State: ‘All in the Family’ in World War I

All were grandchildren of Queen Victoria of England

Great BritainKing George V – on the right

RussiaCzar Nicholas II -- on the left

GermanyKaiser Wilhelm II

Other relatives – Sweden, Norway, Spain, Belgium, German former provinces

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Heads of State of World War IHeads of State of World War I Austria-Hungary

King Franz Joseph II United States of

AmericaPres. Woodrow Wilson

FrancePres. Raymond Ponincare

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*FACTORS that led to WAR**FACTORS that led to WAR*

1. Militarism

2. Alliances

3. Imperialism

4. Nationalism

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*MILITARISM*MILITARISMGlorifying military power and keeping

a standing army – always prepared for war.

To be great, a nation must have a powerful military.

Maintaining a large and

strong military made

citizens feel patriotic.

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*ALLIANCES *ALLIANCES A binding

agreement between nations.

Triple Alliance = Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary Triple Entente = Russia, France, & Great Britain

*A repercussion of alliances made before and during World War I was that they involved more countries in conflicts

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*IMPERIALISM**IMPERIALISM**A Stronger nation

dominates a weaker nation in a competition for colonies = creates conflicts between nations over colonies

*Imperialism + Militarism = As countries gain colonies, their militaries MUST grow to protect them!

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*NATIONALISM*NATIONALISM*NATIONALISM*NATIONALISMLoyalty to a nation or culture

rather than a monarchy or

empire.

Competition among nations

for:

1. territory

2. independence

3. new markets & resources

The Soldier-by Rupert BrookeThe Soldier-by Rupert Brooke

“If I should die, think only this of me:

That there’s some corner of a foreign field

That is for every England. There shall be

In the rich earth a richer dust concealed;

A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,

Gave, one, her flowers to love, her ways to roam,

A body of England’s breathing English air,

Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home…”

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*Which idea is expressed in this excerpt from Brooke’s poem?a.Pacifismb.Imperialismc.Militarismd.Nationalism

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*CRISIS-The POWDER KEG = the BALKAN PENINSULA*CRISIS-The POWDER KEG = the BALKAN PENINSULA

*Referred to as the Powder Keg of Europe because of their Nationalistic Rivalries

The Ottoman Empire leaves the Balkans causing a power vacuum.

Slavic people desire independence. Austria-Hungary hopes to strengthen

power base by annexing the Balkans. Russia vows to aid all Slavic peoples

in the Balkans.

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Assassination at SarajevoAssassination at Sarajevo

Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, & his wife Sophie visit Sarajevo.

June 28, 1914 the Archduke and wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.

Princip was a Serbian nationalist seeking

independence.

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*The GREAT WAR Begins* *The GREAT WAR Begins*

*The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife = event that ignites the Great War because strong national rivalries and alliances propelled countries into war.

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Austria-Hungary DEMANDS: Austria-Hungary DEMANDS:

Serbia dismiss any officials who had promoted propaganda against Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungarian judges would conduct the trial of the accused in the assassination plot

Serbia had 48 hours to accept these demands or Austria-Hungary would declare war

Nicholas II Telegram to Wilhelm IINicholas II Telegram to Wilhelm II

“I am glad you are back. In this most serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. A …war has been declared upon a weak country (Serbia). The resentment in Russia, shared fully by me is enormous. I forsee that soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be forced to take extreme measures that will lead to war. To try and avoid such a (disaster) as a European war, I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop you allies from going to war.”

-Nicky

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*Nicholas hoped diplomacy could prevent war!!!!!

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Mobilization of EuropeMobilization of Europe Russia prepares

to defend Serbia

Russia expects Germany to aid Austria-Hungary & sends troops to German border

Russia ignored German warning

Germany supports Austria-Hungary

Germany demands Russia cancel its troop mobilization or face war

Germany declared war on Russia on Aug. 1, 1914

Germany declares war on France on Aug. 3, 1914

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*WORLD WAR I, The Great War* *WORLD WAR I, The Great War*ALLIED POWERS- Allies

United KingdomFranceItalyRussiaRomaniaGreeceBalkans– Serbia– Albania– Montenegro

CENTRAL POWERS

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Bulgaria

Ticket OutTicket Out

Read Spotlight On *Answer this question

on your ticket: During WWI which group of people, mostly Christians, were victims of mass murder due to distrust and suspicion?

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