(1) What is a Cycle?• Cycle: Continuous movement or transfer of

something.

• Cycling in Ecosystems:– All Matter (nutrients) continuously move between

organisms and regions.

– Energy continuously moves between organisms…• Not ALL energy is 100% recyclable• Some energy “lost” as heat Increased

Entropy/Disorder

(2) Carbon• Type of element or atom

• Common Compounds:– Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

– Glucose (C6H12O6)

– Methane (CH4)

– Carbon Monoxide (CO)

(3) Carbon & Photosynthesis

• Carbon Dioxide Removed from…– Atmosphere or Hydrosphere

• Glucose released into…– Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere

(4) Carbon & Respiration

• Glucose removed from…– Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

• Carbon Dioxide released into…– Atmosphere or Hydrosphere

(5) Fossil Fuels• Examples:

– Coal– Gas– Oil

• Source:– Old, compressed, heated remains of organisms– Store HUGE quantities of carbon inside the earth

(until dug up).– Release HUGE quantities of carbon dioxide when

burned.

(6) Carbonates

• Bicarbonate: (HCO3)

– Used as a buffer in organisms + water systems

• Calcium Carbonate: (CaCO3)

– Compound formed from the shell-remains of aquatic organisms

– Found underground and in water systems