1 Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Utility Workers, Foremen and Supervisors Module FHWA Grant No....

1

Utility Work Zone Traffic Control

Utility Workers, Foremen

and Supervisors Module

FHWA Grant No. DTFH61-06-G-00006

Developed by: Wayne State University & Bradley University

2

Introduction to the Guidelines

3

Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines

• Developed for FHWA

• Include recommended traffic control plans

• Temporary traffic control devices

• Meant for electrical, gas, telephone, cable, water, sewer, landscaping, others

• Not meant for nighttime or freeway work

4

Reasons for Guideline Development

• Utility work zone activities

• Mitigating safety challenges

• To address gaps in existing guidelines and training

• To identify needs through research and practice

5

Need for Utility Work Zone Guidelines

• Shorter in duration

• Different traffic control needed

• Change in travel environment for drivers

• Improve safety

• Reduce utility work zone crashes

6

Perception Reaction Time of Drivers

Perception (See)

Intellection (Understand)

Emotion (Act)

Volition (Execute)

PIEV

PIEV for normal driver is assumed as 2.5 sec

7

• Intellection: Identification of cue or stimulus

• Perception: recognition or realization that cue or stimulus exists that requires response

• Emotion: determination of appropriate response to cue or stimulus

• Volition: physical response that results from decision

Perception Reaction Time of Drivers

8

Uniformity

• Treatment of similar work site with same traffic control

• Traffic control devices

• Color

• Strobe or oscillating lights

• Arrow panels

9

Conspicuity

• Increased through proper traffic control devices

• Using color of work zones – ORANGE

• Work zones that stand out from other surroundings to passing motorists

10

Recommended Traffic Control Devices and Why?

11

Basic Requirements for Traffic Control Devices

• Fulfill a need

• Command attention

• Convey a clear, simple meaning

• Command respect from road users

• Give adequate time for proper response

Source: MUTCD Section 1A.02

12

Temporary Traffic Control Signs

• Message, layout, and configuration per MUTCD

• Construction fluorescent orange color with mircoprismatic retro-reflective characteristics

• 2 orange supplemental flags may be mounted

• Size = 36” x 36”

• Crashworthy

Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-2

13

Temporary Traffic Control Signs

• Portable temporary traffic control signs

• Reduce work duration and workers’ exposure to risk

• Placing signage lower to the ground may produce a greater impact on the driving population

14

Comparison of Mounting Techniques

15

Comparison of Mounting Techniques

• Drivers tend to look at pavement in front of them

• 4º better than 12º cone of vision• Easier recognition of work zone when signs

are mounted different than typical signs• Retractable stands for parked vehicles


16

Poorly Mounted Signs

17

Sample Work Zone Warning Signs

For Utility Work Zone Applications

For Other Work Zone Applications

18

Arrow Panels

• Guide motorists to change lanes when work activities are taking place on the road

• Caution motorists of work activities on or adjacent to a shoulder

• To increase visibility and likelihood of drivers responding in a safe and timely manner

19

Arrow Panels

• Support panel 48” H x 96” W

• Minimum of 15 lamps

• Front panel with flat, non-reflective black background

• Mounted at minimum of 7’ from roadway to bottom of panel

20

Arrow Panels

• Flash Rate: 25-40 flashes per minute

• Angularity requirements: For moving operations, work in urban areas use ‘general-purpose (wide) beam’ panels

• Lamp Requirements: Certified by the state; lamp size of PAR 46 or PAR 36

21

Channelizing Devices

• Provides guidance/delineation to motorists • Need to be easily installed and removed• Must be orange and contain retro-reflective bands• Made of a material that will not damage a vehicle if

impacted

• 36” taller cones or tubular markers are more desirable


22

Taller Cones

• Use orange taller cones with retro-reflective bands

• Preferred over normal traffic cones

• Provides increased visibility

• Transported easily

• Quick installation and removal on-site

23

Barricades

• Contains 1 to 3 rails of markings

• Used to control road users

• Types I, II, and III

24

Warning Lights on Work Vehicles

• Attract the attention of road users

• Potentially hazardous situation

• Sufficient time for taking appropriate action

• Warning light standardization desirable

• Promote driver understanding

• Recognition of lights on work vehicles

25


• Warning lights should be visible to drivers from all angles (360 degrees)

• Larger vehicles should be equipped with a minimum of three warning lights

• Warning lights should be amber in color

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• Warning lights should be TURNED ON!


27

Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles

• Visibility increased by the use of retro-reflective

markings and appropriate vehicle colors

• Retro-reflective vehicle markings should

supplement warning light systems

• Retro-reflective material should be affixed to the back of utility work vehicles

28

Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles

• Retro-reflective material should be 4” wide

(8” is desirable)

• Fluorescent orange, white, and black diagonal stripes color pattern

29

Work Vehicles Painted Orange

• Visibility of work vehicle very important

• Orange vehicle is visual cue

• Orange is color for work zones

• Consistency in colors improves safety

• Increases driver awareness and recognition of work zone

30

Work Vehicles Painted Orange

Desirable Vehicle Colors

Undesirable Vehicle Colors

31

Work Vehicle Placement

• Place vehicle upstream of work area to shield on-foot workers from traffic

• Place upstream to warn vehicles of an upcoming work zone

• Place equipment trailers downstream of work area to avoid being hit by traffic

32

Improper Placement of Work Vehicle

33

Work Vehicle Not Protected

34

Set-up and Removal of Devices

• Spend least amount of time necessary to set-up and remove devices safely

• Perform work as expeditiously as possible to reduce exposure

• Decreasing exposure time increases safety

• Use devices that are easily transported

35

• Identify traffic control plan ahead of time

• Plan and discuss traffic control off roadway

• Park work vehicles and equipment to maximize safety

• Place traffic control devices as per selected plan starting at beginning of work zone

Set-up of Traffic Control Devices

36

• Remove immediately following completion of work

• Start at end of work zone

• Only leave in place what is needed

• Know where everything goes in work vehicle so no time is wasted

Removal of Traffic Control Devices

37

Worker with proper safety

apparel but not properly protected

from traffic

Worker Safety and Visibility

• Be concerned with personal safety

• Must wear high-visibility safety apparel at all times

• Clothing color orange, yellow, yellow-green, or fluorescent versions of these colors

• Must include retro-reflective materials

38

Worker Safety Apparel

• Proposed Amendment to MUTCD Section 6D.03 requires “American National Standard For High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear”

• ANSI (American National Standards Institute) / ISEA (International Safety Equipment Association) 107-2004

• Class 2 and 3 garments

based on worker activities

39

Other Protective Apparel

• ANSI Compliant Hard Hats

• ANSI Steel Toe Boots

• ANSI Compliant Protective Eyewear

40

Flagger (Traffic Regulator) Training

• For flagger (traffic regulator) training information refer to The National Work

Zone Safety Clearinghouse at http://www.workzonesafety.org/training/

41

Suggested Traffic Control Plans / Pedestrian Issues

42

Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic Control Components

SHOULDER

SHOULDER

LongitudinalBuffer Space

Lateral Buffer Space

Advanced Warning AreaTransition AreaWork Space

Longitudinal Buffer Space

Downstream Taper

Termination Area Activity Area

Direction of Traffic

Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

43

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

Temporary Traffic Control Components

• Activity Area – work space, traffic space, and

buffer space.• Advanced Warning Area – used to provide warning

to motorists of an upcoming utility activity.

44

Advance Warning Sign Examples

No advance warning signs

Missing advance warning signs telling which lane is closed

45

Lane Closure with No Advance Warning

Less than 8 feet

46

Distance Between Traffic Signs

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban≤ 50 km/h (30 mph)

A (Distance Between Signs)

Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban≤ 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

• Note: 30 mph used to differentiate between high and low speeds due to risks involved

47

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

• Tapers – gradual transition to direct traffic from normal paths to designated path, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc.


48

Different Types of Tapers

Source: MUTCD Figure 6C-2 and Table 6C-3

49

Formulas for Calculating Taper Lengths

Source: MUTCD Table 6C-4

50

• Buffer Space (Optional) – lateral and/or longitudinal area that separates traffic from work space, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc.


SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

51

Why Use a Buffer Space?

• Easy to accommodate into plan

• Inexpensive

• Improves worker safety

• Provides additional space between work zone and motorists

52

Buffer Space Issues

Did not usebuffer space

Used buffer space but no taper

53

Buffer Space Issues

No room for buffer space

54

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

• Termination Area – area used to return to normal path

• Traffic Space – portion of highway in which road users are routed through the activity area


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• Transition Area – area utilized to move motorists

from their normal path

• Work Space – portion closed to road users – occupied by utility workers, equipment and vehicles.

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space

SHOULDER

SHOULDER





Downstream Taper



Flagger

Flagger

Traffic Space


56

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder

SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER

WORK VEHICLE

*

> 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway or > 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb where curb and gutter present

* Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operatingEdge of Roadway


SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER

WORK VEHICLE

*




**

57

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle(s) Parked on Shoulder

SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER

*

WORK VEHICLE




SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER

*

WORK VEHICLE



Direction of Traffic**

58

Utility Work on Shoulder (Low Traffic Volume and Low Speed)

SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER

WORK VEHICLE

*



SHOULDER

WORK SITE

SHOULDER



150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban≤ 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

***

59

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle Parked on Shoulder

(High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed)

SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE

Urban-30 m (100 ft)Rural-150 m (500 ft)

WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper

(nominal)


Lateral Buffer (optional)

Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE


WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper

(nominal)


Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

30 m (100 ft) L/3

60

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle(s) Parked on Shoulder (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed)

SHOULDER

POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK

VEHICLE

*

100 m (350 ft)


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)


Downstream Taper

(nominal)

Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK

VEHICLE

*

100 m


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)(nominal)

Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

30 m (100 ft) L/3

61

Utility Work on Shoulder with no Encroachment on Roadway

(High Traffic Volume and High Speed)

SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE


WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper

(nominal)



Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER *

WORK VEHICLE

Urban-Rural-

WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft)

(nominal)

Urban-Rural-

Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

L/3

62

Utility Work on Shoulder with No Encroachment on Roadway


SHOULDER

WORK VEHICLE

*

100 m (350 ft)


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)


Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal)

Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

POSSIBLE

WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLE

*

100 m


SHOULDER


Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

L/3

63

Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment(High Traffic Volume and High Speed)

SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE


WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)




Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE

Urban-Rural-

WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper

(nominal)

Urban-Rural-

Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

L/3

64

Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment on Roadway


SHOULDER

WORK VEHICLE

*

100 m (350 ft)


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)



Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

POSSIBLE

WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLE

*

100 m


SHOULDER


Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

L/3

65

Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment(Low Traffic Volume and Low Speed)

SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE


WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)




Taller Cone (Typ.)


SHOULDER

3 m (10 ft) minimum

*

WORK VEHICLE

Urban-Rural-

WORK SITE


Buffer(optional)

Downstream Taper

(nominal)

Urban-Rural-

Taller Cone (Typ.)


**

L/3

66

Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment or Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road


SHOULDER

30 m (100 ft)

max.

*

AHEAD

WORK SITEWORK

VEHICLE

Note: Work activity shown depicts shoulder work with minor encroachment



Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft)

Buffer(optional)


Flagger

Flagger






Taller Cone (Typ.)Direction of Traffic

AHEAD

SHOULDER

30 m (100 ft)

max.

*

AHEAD

WORK SITEWORK

VEHICLE

Note: Work activity shown depicts shoulder work with minor encroachment




Buffer(optional)


Flagger

Flagger







AHEAD

* *

67

Temporary Road Closure

WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLES

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

A

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

*

*

* Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating

Type III Barricade (Typ.)

A

AHEAD

AHEAD

SHOULDER

SHOULDER

Police Vehicle with Flashers On

(Optional)

Police Officer in uniform

regulating traffic


(Optional)


regulating traffic

(Temporary Portable Sign, No

Left Turn)


Left Turn)

(Temporary Portable Sign, No Right Turn)


WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLES

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

A

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

*

*



A

AHEADAHEAD

AHEADAHEAD

SHOULDER

SHOULDER


(Optional)


regulating traffic


(Optional)


regulating traffic


Left Turn)


Left Turn)



**

**

68

Right Lane Closure on

Near Side of Intersection

* (Optional)

*Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating

Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

L

A

A

Buffer(optional)

A


>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)

Number of Lanes Closed*Speed

*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)


AHEAD

* (Optional)

*Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating

Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

L

A

A

Buffer(optional)

A


>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)


AHEADAHEAD

**

69

Left Lane Closure on

Near Side of Intersection

L

A

A

* (Optional)


Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road TypeBuffer

(optional)


A

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

TallerCone (Typ.)


LEFT

L

A

A

* (Optional)


Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road TypeBuffer

(optional)


A

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

TallerCone (Typ.)


LEFTLEFT

**

70

Right Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection

A

A

A

A

* (Optional)

(Optional)

A

L

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE


Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)

30 m (100 ft)(optional)


Buffer(optional)

AHEAD

A

A

A

A

* (Optional)

(Optional)

A

L

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE


Edge of Roadway

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)



Buffer(optional)

AHEADAHEAD

**

71

Left Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection

*

(Optional)

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type


(Optional)

L

A

A

A

Edge of Roadway

A

A

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type


(Optional)

L

A

A

A

Edge of Roadway

A

A

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

TallerCone (Typ.)



Buffer(optional)

LEFTLEFT

**

72

Closure in Center of

Intersection


L/210’min

L/2 10’min

L/2

10’min

L/2

10’min

*

WORK VEHICLE WORK

SITE

Edge of Roadway

45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph)

15 m (50 ft)= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L/2 (Taper

Length)Speed Limit





Taller Cone (Typ.)



L/210’min

L/2 10’min

L/2

10’min

L/2

10’min

*

WORK VEHICLE WORK

SITE

Edge of Roadway

45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph)

15 m (50 ft)= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L/2 (Taper

Length)Speed Limit





Taller Cone (Typ.)

Direction of Traffic*

*

73

Center Lane

Closure on a

Multi-Lane Road

A

A

(Optional)

L

*

A

A

L

(Optional)


Edge of Roadway

Lateral Buffer

(optional)



Buffer(optional)

Buffer(optional)

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

*

A

A

(Optional)

*

A

A

L

(Optional)


Edge of Roadway

Lateral Buffer

(optional)



Buffer(optional)

Buffer(optional)

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

Taller Cone (Typ.)

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

* **

**

74

Lane Closure On Two-Lane Road

(Restricted Visibility)

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE

A

A

A

AHEAD

*

A

AHEAD

A

A


Edge of Roadway

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

30 m (100 ft)

max.

Taller Cone (Typ.)

Downstream Taper30 m (100 ft)

(Max)

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE

A

A

A

AHEAD

*

A

AHEAD

A

A


Edge of Roadway

Lateral Buffer

(optional)

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

30 m (100 ft)

max.

Taller Cone (Typ.)

Downstream Taper30 m (100 ft)

(Max)

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic

*

*

75

Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where Traffic cannot

self-regulate without the use of Flaggers)

SHOULDER

*

AHEAD

”

“

AHEAD

““

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE

30 m (100 ft) max

Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)


Buffer(optional)

Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural -150 m (500 ft)

””




SHOULDER

AHEAD

”

“

AHEAD

““

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE

30 m (100 ft) max

Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)


Buffer(optional)


””




***

76

Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where Traffic can

self-regulate without the use of Flaggers)

SHOULDER

*

WORK VEHICLE

WORK SITE

30 m (100 ft) max

Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)


Buffer(optional)

Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft)




SHOULDERWORK

VEHICLEWORK SITE

30 m (100 ft) max

Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)


Buffer(optional)





** *

77

Utility Work in Center of Road (Low Traffic Volumes)

SHOULDER

L/2

WORK SITE 3 m (10 ft) MIN

L/2

*WORK

VEHICLE


SHOULDER



45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph)

15 m (50 ft)= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L/2 (Taper Length)

Speed Limit

Taller Cone (Typ.)


3 m (10 ft) MIN

SHOULDER

L/2

WORK SITE 3 m (10 ft) MIN

L/2

*WORK

VEHICLE


SHOULDER



45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph)

15 m (50 ft)= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L/2 (Taper Length)

Speed Limit

45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph)

15 m (50 ft)= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L/2 (Taper Length)

Speed Limit

Taller Cone (Typ.)


3 m (10 ft) MIN

**

78

Outside Lane Closure on Multi-Lane Road

SHOULDERWORK VEHICLE

AL


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)


Taller Cone (Typ.)


Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)A A

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

*

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

WORK SITE

AHEAD

SHOULDERWORK VEHICLE

AL


SHOULDER

Buffer(optional)


Taller Cone (Typ.)


Downstream Taper

30 m (100 ft)A A

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

150 m (500 ft)Rural

100 m (350 ft)Urban

>50 km/h (30 mph)

30 m (100 ft)Urban= 50 km/h (30 mph)


Road Type

*

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

>50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2

90 m (300 ft)1

100 m (350 ft)2

30 m (100 ft)1= 50 km/h (30 mph)

L (Taper Length)


*Assume 12’ lanes

WORK SITE

AHEADAHEAD

**

79

Tree Cutting/Trimming Shoulder Closure on a Two-Lane Road

SHOULDER

SHOULDER

*

A

WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLE

A

W


(optional)

Downstream Taper***

L/3**

Lateral Buffer Space (optional)

500Rural

350Urban (High Speed)

100Urban (Low Speed)

DISTANCE ‘A’ BETWEEN SIGNS IN FEET

ROAD TYPE

DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS

** Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder taper. Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting taper.Taper length is L when there is a merging taper.

***Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet per lane


SHOULDER

SHOULDER

*

A

WORK SITE

WORK VEHICLE

A

W


(optional)

Downstream Taper***

L/3**


500Rural




ROAD TYPE





**

80

Tree Cutting/Trimming Lane Closure on a Multi-Lane Road

A

*

A

W


(optional)Downstream

Taper*** L**


A

500Rural




ROAD TYPE





Edge of Roadway

* *

81

Pedestrian Issues

• Must identify pedestrian needs

• Should not be forced to enter into work zone

• Should not be forced to enter into roadway

• Pedestrian paths must be maintained

82

“When existing pedestrian facilities are disrupted, closed, or relocated in a TTC zone,

the temporary facilities shall be detectable

and include accessibility features

consistent with the features present

in the existing pedestrian facility.”

Considering Pedestrians

Source: MUTCD Section 6D.02

83

Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control

84

Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control

85

Pedestrian Traffic Control Plans

• Pedestrian Detour for Sidewalk Closure• Pedestrian Diversion for Sidewalk Closure• Must be ADA Compliant

86

Sidewalk Detour for Pedestrians U

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic


OptionalWORK SITE

Dir

ecti

on o

f T

raff

ic


OptionalWORK SITE

87

Sidewalk Diversion for Pedestrians V

Dir

ectio

n of

T

raff

ic

900 mm (36 in) MIN


WORK SITEDir

ectio

n of

T

raff

ic

900 mm (36 in) MIN


WORK SITE

88

15-Minute Break

89

How do You Select a Proper Traffic Control Plan?

90

Traffic Control Plan Selection

• Location of utility work

• Traffic volume of adjacent road

• Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road

• Location of lane closure

• Roadway type

91

Location of Utility Work

• Beyond the shoulder - > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway OR > 0.6 m (2 ft) beyond curb

• On the shoulder

• On the roadway

Utility Work on Shoulder

Utility Work Beyond Shoulder

Utility Work on Roadway

92

Volume and Speed of Adjacent Road

• Traffic volume of adjacent road – low volume or high volume

• Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road – low speed ≤ 50 km/hr (30 mph) or high speed >50 km/hr (30 mph)

93

Location of Lane Closure

• Mid-Block

• Intersection – right lane on near side, left lane on near side, right lane on far side, left lane on far side, center of intersection

94

Roadway Type

• Rural vs. Urban

• Two-Lane vs. Multi-Lane

Lane Closure on Rural Two-Lane Road

Lane Closure on Urban Multi-Lane Road

95

Case Study – In-Class Exercises

96

Scenario 1

• Sterling Heights, MI

• 17 Mile Road and Ryan Road

• Electrical repair work in eastbound right lane

• Speed Limit = 45 mph

• High Traffic Volume

97

Scenario 1

98

17 Mile Road

Ryan Road

Scenario 1

Speed Limit = 45 mphHigh Traffic Volume

99

Scenario 2

• Detroit, MI

• Cass Avenue north of Canfield Street

• Electrical repair work on northbound shoulder

• Speed Limit = 35 mph

• Low Traffic Volume

100

Scenario 2

WO

RK

S

ITE

101

Scenario 2

Cass AvenuePrentis Street

102

Scenario 1 Solution

17 Mile Road

Ryan Road

103

Scenario 2 Solution

Cass Avenue

104

Demonstration of Software Program

“Selection of Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic Control Plans”

105

Traffic Control Plan Selection Process

106


107


108

Question & Answer

109

Post-Test

110

Course Evaluation

1 Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Utility Workers, Foremen and Supervisors Module FHWA Grant No....

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