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The Hydrologic Cycle

• Where is the water?• The global cycle• Groundwater

– The myth of underground rivers

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3

Water source Water volume, incubic miles

Percent oftotal water

Oceans 317,000,000 97.24%

Icecaps, Glaciers 7,000,000 2.14%

Ground water 2,000,000 0.61%

Fresh-water lakes 30,000 0.009%

Inland seas 25,000 0.008%

Soil moisture 16,000 0.005%

Atmosphere 3,100 0.001%

Rivers 300 0.0001%

Total water volume 326,000,000 100%

From USGS, similar to CS Table 17.2

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How much of water is usable by humans?

CS Figure 17.6

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LH LH

6CS Fig. 17.3

WET!DRY!

7CS Fig. 17.2

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CS Fig. 17.8

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From USGS

Porosity = spaces in rockPermeability = connectedness of spaces in rockWater table = level below which all spaces filled

10

An aquifer is a porous, water-bearing layer of sand, gravel or rock

CS Fig. 17.9

Permeable!

Permeable!Permeable!

Impermeable!

11

The Rock Cycle

• Structure of the Earth

• Plate Tectonics

• Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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Fig. 14.2

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Fig. 14.3

Map of Tectonic Plates

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CS Fig. 14.5

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Fig. 14.4Tectonic plate movement

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Subduction animation

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Types of Plate Boundaries

Divergent-Plates move away from each other

Convergent-Plates move towards each other

Transform-Plates slide past each other

i.e. mid ocean ridges

i.e. subduction zones

18CS Fig. 14.3

Dec. 26 Earthquake

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Model of Tsunami inflow and outflow at Phuket, Thailand

Choowong et al., 2008

Marine Geology

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Tsunami Links

• NY times• http://whyfiles.org/2011/tsunami-the-killer-wave/• http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2011/03

/11/sot.tsunami.hit.japan.cnn

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Surface of the Earth

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South American Trench

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Atlantic Ocean Basin

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CS Fig. 14.8The RockCycle

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Recent Lava Flow

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The End.

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