1 TALK 4 Anita Pincas Course Design 1 – the pedagogic media.
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Transcript of 1 TALK 4 Anita Pincas Course Design 1 – the pedagogic media.
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TALK 4
Anita Pincas
Course Design 1 – the pedagogic media
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Text Graphics Audio Video
Written content
Written interaction Email CHAT
DrawingsChartsFlowchartsGraphsArt
VoiceRecorded speechSoundsMusic
People -communication
Film - audiovisual materials
Isolated/Any combination
Synchronous/Asynchronous
MULTIMEDIA ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Multimedia
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Presentation – teacher gives information - input
Practice – students work on the information through exercises - uptake
Production – students use what they have learned - consolidation
The three Ps
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1. INPUTTeacher provides new knowledge, information or instructions Examples: an explanation, a demonstration
2. Input follow-up: Activity workshop or seminar - uptake Teacher sets guided or controlled exercises Examples: writing a definition, doing/reporting anexperiment, a field trip.
[3. MonitoringTeacher comments on or corrects the exercises.] 4. Application Teacher sets open tasks Examples: essay, project, research.
[5. FeedbackTeacher comments on the work and offers encouragement.]
Components
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Presentation – teacher gives information – input
Practice – student exercises - uptake
Production – student use of learning - consolidation
Presentation – teacher gives information – input
Practice – student exercises - uptake
Production – student use of learning - consolidation
Resources underlying PPP
Resources for PPP
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1. Narrative media 2. Interactive media3. Experimental media 4. Communication media
5. Productive media
PRESENTATION
PRACTICE
PRODUCTION
Pedagogic media
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Problem based learning
Resource based learning
Flexible learning
Student centred learning
Collaborative learning
Independent learning
Choices
Replicate
Change
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Presentation Narrative media
Learners are
attending
understanding
interpreting
relating to their past knowledge
apprehending
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Practice
Interaction Interactive mediaModelling Experimental media Discussion Communication media
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1. Narrative media 2. Interactive media3. Experimental media 4. Communication media
5. Productive media
Pedagogic media
PRESENTATION
PRACTICE
PRODUCTION
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Content vs. Form
2 + 2 = 4II + II = IV Two plus two equals 4
Mary hit John.John was hit by Mary.It was Mary that hit John.It was John that was hit by
Mary
PRESENTATION Narrative media
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The Narrative media interactive/non-interactive
Text print, computer
Graphics print, computer
Text + graphics
Audio cassetteAudio (+ text) (+ graphics)
Film TV, video, computerFilm (+ text) (+ graphics)
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Content as textNarrative – non-interactive
Existing material
Rewrite?
Add explanations?
Benefits of text online?
Written lecture?
Help understanding
- FAQs
- quizzes
- tutor support
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TranscriptsTRANSCRIPT 1 - ORAL
I, my field is actually linguistics, and that’s where I’ve
come from, from training English teachers. So maybe that’s why I’ve been more aware of this, discourse analysis, than many other people would be. But, you see that I am taping my lecture now, or my talk. Now, I want to tape it, on an audio tape, not a video. I’m sorry, I asked Chris but you weren’t able to organise videos. I wanted this tape because I’ll give it to my secretary and she’ll type it out because I want to produce a paper on this. But you know as well as I do I’m not going to just be able to use what I’ve been saying. The discourse is wrong. That is not going to be a written article, it is different discourse.
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Written version
My field is actually linguistics and the training of English teachers. That is where my viewpoints come. This may be the reason why I have become more aware of the discourse features of explanatory talk than other people are. When you look at a transcript of a taped lecture now, whether on an audio tape or a video, and you see it on a paper like the paragraph above, you know as well as I do that this is not appropriate to be read, even though it does represent what I’ve been saying. But the discourse is wrong. That is not going to be a written article, it is different discourse. So, if I want to write out my talk, I have to change it to something like this written version.
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A. Shaping the knowledge - information is organized in a specific way ie, related to a specific set of learners
-select and arrange the content so it is graded just
- link the subject to the specific objectives of the course
- link to prior knowledge
- correct expected misunderstandings
- rephrase and repeat key points
- expand on difficult issues
- summarise
- plug gaps
- make links to current events
- refer to recent advances in field
Teacher talk Narrative – non-interactive
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Teacher talk Narrative – non-interactive
B. Animate and motivate
-give more examples
-use animations or films
-Teacher’s personality:
enthusiasm
facial expressions
voice
manner of speaking
explanatory power
-rapport
between teacher and students
between students and institution
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“the overwhelming weight of university opinion is that lectures have an essential function, particularly for opening up a subject for students who are not in a position to do it for themselves by unassisted reading, and also for giving more detailed information where suitable text-books are lacking.
Lectures have certain advantages over discussion periods in that continuous exposition, free from interruptions, can be better prepared and more profound than teaching in a discussion period, can cover more ground, and can enable an inspiring teacher to influence more students.
Nias, J. Ed. (1993) The Human Nature of Learning; Selections from the Work of M.L.J. Abercrombie Society for Research into Higher Education, Open University Press p. 76
Teacher talk – lecturing Narrative – non-interactive
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Types of lecturesScripted monologue with/without slides
Unscripted but prepared monologue
with slides
without slides
Unscripted but prepared interactive lecture
Unscripted unprepared interactive teaching
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Presentation choice Narrative: interactive / non-interactive
High tech synchronous
two-way dialogue: Videoconferencing; Chat
Lower tech asynchronous
one-way teacher talk: video [WEB page: +/- text
+/- Chat ]
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1. Videoconferencing
synchronous Q-A between teacher and students Can be very disorienting and hard to control
2. Videostreaming on the WEB
timetabled periods for synchronous Q-A either by voice or CHAT
Can be very disorienting and hard to control
timetabled periods for asynchronous Q-A by email or web board discussion
Not disorienting and easy to control
3. Video on CD or on cassettes like this film, with
timetabled periods for synchronous Q-A either by voice or CHAT
Can be very disorienting and hard to control
timetabled periods for asynchronous Q-A by email or weboard discussion
Not disorienting and easy to
control
Interactive Presentations
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Interactive Presentations - Live in classTEACHER
console and large screen
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
STUDENT
workstation
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Teacher’s screen independent of students’ screensStudents work:•individually •in pairs sharing a screen•as a class sharing a screen
Teacher’s screen a shared space with student screens•students can add to it from their own workstation.
EXAMPLES a translation
a databasea statistical package
Live class practice woven into presentation.
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On campus - presentation workshop
STUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstationSTUDENTS
workstationSTUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstationSTUDENTS
workstation
STUDENTS
workstation
Off campus - presentation Online workshop
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Skills teachingTraining videos
DemonstrationsOpening wine bottlesCutting sharks fins
Showing local people rather than distant models
Trainees video themselves and send the videos in for feedback.
Virtual field trips – to need to rely on the weather Calculations
Non-lecture NARRATIVE MEDIA
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Interaction Interactive media
Modelling Experimental media Discussion Communication media
PRACTICE
Individual
or
Pair
or
Group
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Fork
Scissors
Knife
Spoon
Cutting paper
Spearing food
Slicing meat
Drinking soup
Interactive media - Animations1. Animation
2. Drag and drop
3. Bar chart builder
4. Jigsaw
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Interactive media - hypermediaLearner power to
Create links
Construct own knowledge systems
Tutor might
set very specific goals
provide lists of options
prepare sets of activities in appropriate media
offer advice
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-numerical models -spreadsheets
-spatial models – design shapes and colours -spatio-temporal models - process simulation
- audio models – musical variants
Modelling - Experimental media