1. Solar Energy Overview

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www.greenecoenergy.co.in

Presented By

RASHMI SINHA


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ENERGY SCENARIO

Energy is one of the major input for theeconomic development of any country.

Energy can be classified as:

Renewable Energy: example wind power, solarenergy, hydroelectric energy etc

Non Renewable Energy: example coal, oil, andgas which are likely to deplete with time.



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Global Non Renewable Energy Reserve

World Oil and Gas reserve are estimated to last for45 years and 65 years respectively

Coal is likely to last a little over 200 years

Coal reserve estimated to be 9,84,453 million ton by end 2003

Oil reserve estimated to be 1147 billion barrels by end 2003

Gas reserve estimated to be 176 trillion cubic meter by end2003



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Solar energy can be used as a

source of heat and light and

can be used to generate electricity

Solar energy is the energy that

comes from the sun that supports

life on earth as we know it


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Beyond the raw cost of fuel there are the Hidden Costs from our dependence on

Fossil Fuels

The limited reserve of fossil fuels with the rising cost of it and global warming issue

is no longer under debate &, Renewable Energy must become an option!

Some of these costs are:

Water and Land Pollution

environmental concerns over the climate changerisks associated with power generation using fossil fuels

Macro Economic Costs National Security (over dependence onimports from a limited number of countries)

Air Pollution (air pollutant from combustion of fossilfuels e.g. SO2, NO, CO, Hydrocarbons, Benzene etc)


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Solar power systems installed in the areas defined by the dark disks could meetthe world's current total energy demand



Huge potential of solarin India

Means near

about 300clear sunny

days

Most of thepart

receive aninsolation of

4-5kWh/sq/m

tr/day

5,000 TrillionkWh solarenergy

incidents/year on Indianmainland



CrystallineSilicon

Amorphous

Silicon


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What is Solar Energy

Solar energy is derived from solar radiation.

Technology to harvest solar energy comes in many forms Photovoltaic systems (Provides electricity) Solar thermal (provides space heating or hot water) Concentrating solar systems.

This presentation focuses on solar photovoltaicsystems..



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An Illustration of a Solar Voltaic System

1: Solar panels

2: Inverter

3: An Electric Meter

4: Home Electricity/Load

5: Utility grid.



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Solar Photovoltaic Elementsfrom Previous Slide

1: Solar panels: Collect the suns energy and covert it into direct current(DC) electricity. The number of panels you need is determined by yourelectricity needs.

2: An inverter: Converts the electricity from DC to alternating current(AC) electricity for use in your home.

3: An electric meter: Displays net power usage. When you generatemore than you use, your meters spins backwards lowering your electricity

bills.

4: You produce your own electricity to be used throughout yourhome

5: Utility Grid:All excess electricity generated by system goes to UtilityGrid.



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Stand-Alone PV Systems Stand-alone PV systems are designed to operate

independent of the electric utility grid

Supply DC and/or AC electrical loads

The simplest type of stand-alone PV system is a direct-coupled system, where the DC output of a PV module orarray is directly connected to a DC load

Since there are no batteries involved in direct load systems,stand-alone PV systems are suitable for such processes asheating and pumping water, ventilation fans,

etcAlthough they can only work in the day.

Stand-Alone systems may also power AC loads such asbatteries. Like the AC adapter which powers your laptop.



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Grid-connected or Utility-Connected

Grid-connected or utility-interactive PV systems aredesigned to operate in parallel with andinterconnected with the electric utility grid.

These system contain an inverter, called a powerconditioning unit (PCU) which converts the DC powerproduced by the PV array into AC power synchronised

with the voltage and power quality requirements of theutility grid.



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Solar Energy OverviewWhat factors can affect solar electricity production?

OrientationA tilted , south facing orientation is best for fixed

systems Location Temperature Shadowing (no shadows best) Cleanliness of panels (dirt on panel impedes sunlight) Inverter efficiency System age (systems degrades but typically at < 1% per year) Wiring and other electrical losses (typically 3%)



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Solar Energy OverviewReasons to Consider a Photovoltaic System

Indian governments offer considerable subsidies to offset cost

of system. Incentives covers small residential systems to large

commercial power plants

Systems typically offer 25 years of energy production.

Protect against rising electricity costs.

Offers the ability to reduce or completely eliminate electricbills

No emissions

No fuel required



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In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comesfourth after Japan, Germany and U.S. (WithInstalled capacity of 110 MW)

In the area of Photovoltaic, India today is the secondlargest manufacturer in the world of PV panels basedon crystalline solar cells.(Industrial production in this area has reached a level

of 11 MW per year which is about 10% of the worldstotal PV production)

A major drive has also been initiated by theGovernment to export Indian PV products, systems,technologies and services(Solar Photovoltaic plant and equipment has beenexported to countries in the Middle East and Africa)


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Arid regions receive plentiful solar

radiation, regions like Rajasthan,

Gujarat and Haryana receive sunlight

in plenty.

IREDA is planning to electrify 18,000villages by year 2012 mainly through

solar PV systems

Targets have been set for the large

scale utilization of PV technology by

different sectors within the next fiveyears

The Delhi Government has

decided to make use of solar power

compulsory for lighting up hoardings

and for street lighting


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Relevance of Solar Energy in India

Energy Security

Depleting coal reserves

Dependence on the imported coal, natural gas

Environmentalconcerns

Despite of having lowest per capita pollution in the world, India a biggestpolluter due to high population

International pressure on country to reduce GHGs and switch to Cleanersources

Power supplydeficit,

scalability

Energy deficit levels in India have been Consistently high, Bridging the demandsupply gap is must to sustain the current levels of economic growth.

India has huge solar potential so solar energy is scalable.



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Goal - Installation of 20, 000 MW till 2022

Timeline

3 phase approach

Phase -1(up to 2012-13), aims to commission 1000MW of grid-connected

solar projects by 2013.

Phase-2 ( up to 201317),

Phase-3 (up to 201722)


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30% increase in global manufacturing of solar cells every year


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No matter what the future will be like, one thing is for

certain: some type of energy will be needed to power it.

Solar Wonders, 2007 Florida Solar

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2007 Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research institute of the University of Central Florida.www.greenecoenergy.co.in


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The house of the future?This zero-energy

house in theNetherlands has

30m2

of PV panelsfor powergeneration and12m2 of solarcollectors for

water and spaceheating.

Solar Wonders, 2007 Florida Solar

27

2007 Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research institute of the University of Central Florida.www.greenecoenergy.co.in


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1. Solar Energy Overview

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