1 RF Vector Impedance Analyser Josh McIntyre Supervisor: Nasser Asgari.
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Transcript of 1 RF Vector Impedance Analyser Josh McIntyre Supervisor: Nasser Asgari.
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RF Vector Impedance Analyser
Josh McIntyreSupervisor: Nasser Asgari
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Summary of content
Project overview Background Methods used Key results Project achievements
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Project Overview
Task: To redesign the “insides” of an existing analyser – faster, better, cheaper….
Using digital technology
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Background
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Method
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Sequence of events
Goals, objectives Defining inputs, outputs to the system Block diagram of system concept Selection of parts Reading of datasheets Creation of schematic Creation of PCB Assembly and programming of
prototype Analysis of successes/failures
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Inputs - Probe ModelPSpice model
Existing Probe
Model outputs
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Using a mixer as a VGAFrequency conversion & gain control
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Digital frequency generation
Using Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) requires knowledge of output spectrum, and filter design.
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Filtering the DDS outputPSpice Model of DDS filter
Simulation results
DDS outputMixer Input
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Block DiagramsBringing all design concepts together
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Selection of parts
Affordability Suitability Availability
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Schematics DDS Schematic
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Schematics RF Schematic
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Schematics Microprocessor Schematic
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Schematics Power supply, clock and IO Schematic
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PCB Design
Prototype 1 - Separate ground planes
- Wrong footprints - Noisy DDS outputsPrototype 2 - Single ground plane - Extra filtering - ‘maximal copper’ to reduce noise on
ground plane
Prototype 3 - External ADC
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Programming
Interfacing P with all the peripheral devicesCoordinating gain control for V and I signalsAchieving quadrature sampling at 5KHz
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Sampling Technique
)sin(1 AV
)cos()90sin(2 AAV
)(tan2
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V
V
)sin(1
V
A
The low frequency signal contains the impedance information.Quadrature sampling provides a fast, effective way to extract this with a minimum number of samples.
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Sampling Technique
Oscilloscope showing quadrature timing for sampling.
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Key Results
3 prototypes built Successful replacement of analogue frequency
generators with digital Elimination of 4x high precision custom made crystals Reduction of frequency generation PCB area
Synchronisation of RF signals with system clock Elimination of Phase Locked Loops to synchronise signals
Using the mixer to compress dynamic range Elimination of variable broadband amplifiers
Successful implementation of the quadrature sampling technique
Fast results
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OutcomeReduction of PCB size, complexity, power consumption & manufacturing cost.
=
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Achievements
• Working prototype• Measures 10, 50, 1000 ohm loads to within 5%• Operating power reduced from 4.8 watts to 2.4 watts• Data output increased from 2 sps to 40 sps• Manufacturing cost reduced by 70%
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Lessons Learned
Never trust a datasheet!Very accurate reference!!!!
Buy the part and evaluate it yourself before using it in a design!!!
This
Plus this
==rand(4096);
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The End….
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