1

PERSUASIVE SPEAKING

Constructing Speech Goal

Adapting Goal to Audience Attitude

2

OPPOSED

• Change wording of goal• E.g I want to convince my audience that

gay marriages should be legalized• Change to• I want to convince my audience committed

gay couples should be able to have the same legal protection that is afforded to committed heterosexual couples through state-recognized marriage.

3

NEUTRAL

• If audience is uninformed: provide basic arguments.

• Impartial: i.e. No opinion- sound reasoning will help.

• In favour: Reinforce and strengthen their beliefs.

4

PROPOSITIONS

• E.g Propositions of Fact

• Mahatma Gandhi was the father of passive resistance

• E.g Propositions of Value

• Mahatma Gandhi was a moral leader.

• E.g Propositions of Policy

• MG should be given a special award for his views on passive resistance.

5

IDENTIFY GOOD REASONSAND SOUND EVIDENCE

• Is the reason directly related to proving propositions?

• Do I have strong evidence to support a reason?

• Will this reason be persuasive for this audience?

6

REASONING

• Claim

• -conclusion to be proven.

• E.g Your car needs a tune-up.

• Evidence: It stalls at stoplights

• Support

• A claim is supported with reasons or evidence

7

• Warrant

• Logical statement that connects support to claim.

8

TYPES AND TESTS OF ARGUMENTS

• Arguing from Example

• Arguing from Analogy

• - support a claim with a single comparable example that is so significantly similar to subject of the claim as to be a strong proof.

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• Arguing from Causation

• -support a claim by citing events that have occurred that result in the claim.

• Arguing from Sign

• -provide evidence that the events that signal the claim have occurred.

10

ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS

• Statement of Reasons

• E.g. I want my audience to believe that passing the tax levy is necessary

• I The income will enable schools to restore vital programs (second strongest)

• The income will allow…. (strongest)

11

• Comparative Advantages

• Criteria Satisfaction

• Problem Solution