1-Ora010002 Cdma2000 1x Principle Issue5.0
Transcript of 1-Ora010002 Cdma2000 1x Principle Issue5.0
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ORA010002 CDMA2000 1x Principle
ISSUE 5.0
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Upon completion this course, you will be able to:
Describe the development of mobile system
List the structure of CDMA2000 1X network
State the principle of CDMA2000 1X
State the key technology of CDMA2000 1X
Describe the air interface of CDMA2000 1X
Describe the numbers in CDMA2000 1X
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading
Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000
Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000
Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins
1.2 Development of CDMA System1.2 Development of CDMA System
1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure
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Transmission Techniques
FrequencyTime
Power
FrequencyTime
Power
FrequencyTime
Power
CDMA
TDMA
FDMA
Traffic channels: different users are assigned unique code and transmitted over the same frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000
Traffic channels: different time slots are allocated to different users, for example, GSM and DAMPS
Traffic channels: different frequency bands are allocated to different users,for example, AMPS and TACS
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Development of Mobile Communications
3G provides: Complete integrated service solutions High bandwidth Unified air interface Best spectral efficiency
Analog to Digital Voice to Broadband
AMPS
TACS
NMT
Others
1st Generation 1980s (analog)
GSM
CDMA IS95
TDMA IS-136
PDC
2nd Generation 1990s (digital)
UMTS WCDMA
CDMA 2000
TD-SCDMA
3rd Generation current (digital)
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Difference of 3G Standards
3G system
CDMA2000
3GPP2
FDD mode
WCDMA
3GPP
FDD mode
TD-SCDMA
CWTS
TDD mode
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins
1.2 Development of CDMA System1.2 Development of CDMA System
1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure
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Development of CDMA System
Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity
Higher packet data rate and more diversified services
Smooth transit to 3G
IS95A 9.6kbps
CDMA2000 1x 307.2kbpsHeavier voice service capacity
Longer period of standby time
CDMA2000 3x
CDMA2000 1x EV
1x EV-DO
1x EV-DV
1995
IS95B 115.2kbps
1998
20002003
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins1.1 Development of Mobile Communicatins
1.2 Development of CDMA System1.2 Development of CDMA System
1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure
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CDMA 2000 Network Structure
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Questions
How many standards are there in 3G?
How to understand the three techniques of multi-access?
How many network elements are there in CDMA2000 1X network?
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading
Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000
Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000
Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning
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Chapter 2 Princple of SpreadingChapter 2 Princple of Spreading
2.1 Basic Conception2.1 Basic Conception
2.2 Communication Model 2.2 Communication Model
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Direct Spread (DS)
Direct –Sequence Spread spectrum system mixes the input data with a fast sequence and transmits a wideband signal.
The spreading sequence is independently regenerated at the receiver and mixed with the incoming wideband signal to recover the original information.
Transmission Receiving
Fast spreading sequence
Slow InformationSent
Slow informationRecovered
Wideband signal
Fast spreading sequence
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Direct Spread (DS)
Spread sequence
Spread signal
Recover signal
Information signal bit
Spread sequence
Spread & De-spreadSpread & De-spread
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Spectrum-domain Analysis
Spread
Power spectrum of information signal(narrow
band)
P()
Power spectrum of spread signal(broad
band)
Mixed signal’s power
spectrum(broad band and broad
band)
P()
P()
P()
P()
P()
integral/filtering
Recover signal’s
power spectrum (narrow band)
Mixed signal’s power spectrum(broad band
and narrow band)
Add
De-spread
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Correlation
(a)
(b)
Correlation 100% so the functions are parallel
Correlation 0% so the functions are orthogonal
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Sequence 2#
Output of integral circuit
Sequence 1#
1#2#
Orthogonal Function
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Multiple Access
Code Division Multiple Address PrincipleCode Division Multiple Address Principle
Information bit 1#
Sequence 1#
Spread Signal 1#
Mixed Signal 1+2
Information bit 2#
Sequence 2#
Spread Signal 2#
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Multiple Access
1st receiver resume process1st receiver resume process
Spread Sequence 1#
De-spread Signal
Mixed Signal
Output of Judgement
circuit
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Multiple Access
2st receiver resume process2st receiver resume process
Spread Sequence 2#
De-spread Signal
Mixed Signal
Output of Judgement
circuit
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Chapter 2 Princple of SpreadingChapter 2 Princple of Spreading
2.1 Basic Conception2.1 Basic Conception
2.2 Communication Model2.2 Communication Model
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Communication Model
Source codingChannel Coding
Modulation RF transit
1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1
0 1 1 0 1 1
BitSymbo
lChip
Reverse
Forward
Source Decoding
Channel Decoding
De-Spread Demodulation RF receive
Scrambling
10011
00011
10011
01001
Spread
Unscrambling
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Source Coding
There are 3 types of source coding in CDMA 2000 system:
8K QCELP
13K QCELP
EVRC
Characteristic:
Support voice activity
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Channel Coding
Convolution code or TURBO code is used in channel encoding
Encoding efficiency= (total input bits total output symbols)
Register
MU
X
00001011
Bit
00110001
00100111
0000110100101011
Symbol
Channel Coding: ConvolutionChannel Coding: Convolution
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Channel Coding
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Input:
Output:
Transmission direction
Interleaver
Transmission direction
Write by row
Read by column
Channel Coding: Interleaving Channel Coding: Interleaving
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Channel Coding
1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Without channel coding, receiver can’t correct any errors
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 10
After convolution, receiver can correct errors. But recovery capability is restricted by encoding complexity.
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 111 1
0 00
1
1 11
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 110 1
1 00
1
0 11
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
Source
Through the interleaving, the consecutive error codes can be corrected
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Scrambling and Spreading
M Sequence for scrambling
Long Code
Short Code
Walsh Code for spreading
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Scrambling and Spreading
Two points are important here: Maximum number of shift register (N) Mask
The period of out put sequence is 2N -1 bits Only sequence offset is change when the mask is changed PN stands for Pseudorandom Noise sequence
Out
0 0 1
1 1 0
M SequenceM Sequence
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Scrambling and Spreading
The long code is a PN sequence with period of 242 -1chips
The functions of a long code:
Scramble the forward CDMA channel
Control the insertion of power control bit
Spread the information on the reverse CDMA channel to
identify the mobile stations
Long Code Long Code
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Scrambling and Spreading
Short code is a PN sequence with period of 215 chips
Sequence with different time offset is used to distinguish different
sectors
Minimum PN sequence offset used is 64 chips, that is, 512 PN offsets
are available to identify the CDMA sectors (215/64=512).
PNa
PNc
PNb
Short Code Short Code
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Scrambling and Spreading
64-order Walsh function is used as a spreading function and each Walsh code is orthogonal to other
A Walsh can be presented by Wim where ith (row) is the position and m i
s the order. For example, W24 means 0101 code in W4 matrix
Walsh code is used to spread the forward traffic channel
W2n=Wn Wn
Wn Wn
W1=0
W2=0 0
0 1
W4 =
0 00 1
0 00 1
0 00 1
Walsh code
Walsh Code is one kind of orthogonal code.
1 11 0
Walsh CodeWalsh Code
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MS: Which BTS I should listen? MS: Which BTS I should listen?
A PN sequence (short code) with period of 215 bits, is used with 64bits offset. That is 512 total PN available to identify the 512 sectors/BTSs.
BTS BBTS A
PN 4
PN
108
BTS C
PN 52
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Each MS has unique Walsh code. Normally CDMA2000 uses 64 array Walsh codes
MS-AMS-B
MS-C
MS-D
MS-E
MS-F
MS-G
MS-H
0000000…. A
0101010… B
0000111… C
0101010… 0
MS-B: Which is my signal?
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A PN sequence (long code) with period of 242-1 bits which is used to Spread the information on the reverse CDMA channel and identify the MS. A unique ESN is used as mask to ach
ieve unique starting point
MS-A
MS-B
MS-C
MS-D
MS-E
MS-F
MS-G
MS-H
BTS: Who is my Mr. D?
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Modulation
QPSK
HPSK/OQPSK
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Questions
How to understand spreading and multi access?
What is the main function of each step in communication model ?
How to understand the three types of codes in CDMA2000 1X ?
Why do we say CDMA system is self interference system ?
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading
Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000
Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000
Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning
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Technology Of CDMA2000
Power control
Rake Receiver
Soft handoff
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Power Control
no power control
after power control
Far/near problem exists in wireless systemFar/near problem exists in wireless system
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Power Control
CDMA is a self-interference systemCDMA is a self-interference system
no power control
after power control
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Power Control
According to the directions, power control can be divided into:
Reverse power control
Forward power control
According to the types, power control can be divided into:
Reverse power control
− Reverse open loop power control
− Reverse closed loop power control
Forward power control
− Measurement report power control
− EIB power control
− Fast power control
Classification Of Power ControlClassification Of Power Control
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Power Control
The mobile transmission power is determined by the following factors: Distance from the base station Load of the cell Circumstance of the code channels
The transmission power of the mobile station is relative to its received power.
Reverse Open Loop Power ControlReverse Open Loop Power Control
BTSMobile
Reverse Open LoopPower Control
BTS
BTS
Transmitting Power
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Power Control
Reverse Closed Loop Power ControlReverse Closed Loop Power Control
BTS
Power Control Bit
Eb/Nt Value FER Value
Inner Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control
Change in Eb/Nt Value
BSC
BTS
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Power Control
Fast Forward Power ControlFast Forward Power Control
FER Measurement
MS
Power Control Bit
Eb/Nt Comparator
BTS
FEREb/Nt
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RAKE Receiver
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RAKE Receiver
RAKE receiver can mitigates
multi-path fading and
enhance the receive
performance of the system.
Receive set
Calculate the time delay and signal strength
Combiner
Correlator 1
Correlator 2
Correlator 3
Searcher correlator
output
Recover signal
from single path
and adjust it’s
time delay
90°
0°
0°
90°
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Soft Handoff
Pilot SetsPilot Sets
An active pilot is a pilot whose paging or traffic channels are actually being monitored or used.
The pilot that not in the active set but potential to be demodulated
The pilot that not included in the active set or the candidate set but being possible to be added in the candidate set
Other pilot
Active Set Active Set
Candidate Set
Candidate Set
Neighbor Set
Neighbor Set
Remaining Set
Remaining Set
Searcher correlator
All pilot that can be detected by searcher correlator is classify to four pilot set.
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Soft Handoff
Soft/softer handoff means MS can keep traffic channel with two or more sectors.
Soft handoff—involves traffic channel from more than one BTS and Multi-path combination in the BSC.
Softer handoff—involves traffic channel from two or more sectors of one BTS and Multi-path combination in the BTS.
Soft Handoff And Softer HandoffSoft Handoff And Softer Handoff
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Soft HandoffImportant Parameters of Soft handoffImportant Parameters of Soft handoff
Sector A
Add Threshold (T_ADD)
DropThreshold (T_DROP)
Time
Ec/Io
Sector B
Guard Time(T-TDROP)
Soft Handoff Region
T_ADD, T_DROP and T_TDROP affect the percentage of MS in handoff.
T_ADD & T_DROP is the standards used to add or drop a pilot.
T_TDROP is a timer.
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Soft Handoff
Dynamic Soft HandoffDynamic Soft Handoff
NeighborSet
Candidate
Set
ActiveSet
Candidate Set
TIME
ActiveSet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NeighborSet
T_TDROP T_TDROP
T_ADD
T_DROP
Pilot strengt
hP1
P2
1. P2>T_ADD
2. P2> [(SOFT_SLOPE/8) * 10 * log10(PS1) + ADD_INTERCEPT/2].
4. P1< [(SOFT_SLOPE/8) * 10 * log10(PS2) +DROP_INTERCEPT/2]
7. P1<T_DROP
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Questions
Why CDMA system need power control ?
What is the function of the RAKE receiver ?
What is the difference between hard handoff and soft handoff ?
Why can CDMA system support soft handoff ?
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading
Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000
Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000
Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning
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Physical Layer Of IS95
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Physical Layer Of IS95
Forward pilot channel is spread over W0 and modulated with
short code directly
BTS transmits the pilot channel continuously
The Pilot channel carries no data
Forward Link: Pilot ChannelForward Link: Pilot Channel
Pilot channel(all-zeros)
W064
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Physical Layer Of IS95
The sync channel is used by the mobile station to synchronize with the network. W32 is used to spread Sync Channel. The synchronization message includes:
− Pilot PN sequence offset: PILOT_PN
− System time: SYS_TIME
− Long code state: LC_STATE
− Paging channel rate: P_RAT Here note that, sync channel rate is 1200bps
Forward Link: Sync ChannelForward Link: Sync Channel
To
QP
SK
cod
er
2.4kbps 4.8kbps 4.8kbps
Code symbol
Repetitive code
symbol
1.2kbps
Convolution encoderr=1/2,K=9
symbol repetition
Block interleaving
Sync Ch bits
W3264
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Physical Layer Of IS95
The paging channel transmits:
− System parameters message
− Access parameters
− Neighbors list
− CDMA channels list message The frame length of a paging channel is 20ms W1 ~ W7 are spared for the Paging Channels
spreading
To
QP
SK
cod
er
Paging channel bits
19.2/9.6Kbps 19.2kbps
19.2kbpsCode symbol
9.6/4.8 kbps
Convolution encoder
r=1/2,K=9
Symbol repetition
Block interleaving
Paging channel address mask
Long code PN
generator
decimator
1.2288Mcps
19.2kbps
W164
Forward Link: Paging ChannelForward Link: Paging Channel
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Physical Layer Of IS95
I Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
PN 1.2288 Mcps
Repetitive symbol
19.2kbps
8.6kbps9.6kbps
4.8kbps2.4kbps1.2kbps
Add frame quality indicator bits(12,10,8,6)
Add 8 encoded tail
bits
Convolution encoder
r=1/2,K=9
Symbol repetition
Forward traffic channel
(172/80/40 or
16bits/frame)
Block interleaver
19.2kbps
MUX
Long code generator
Power control bits
Q Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
Baseband filter
I(t)
Q(t)decimator
+ ∑QPSK Modulation
4.0kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps
19.2ksybps9.6ksybps4.8ksybps2.4ksybps
Sin(2pfct)
Cos(2pfct)
Walsh code
decimator
+
+Baseband
filter
+
+
Forward Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)Forward Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)
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Physical Layer Of IS95
4.8 ksps (307.2kcps)Orthogonal spreading
28.8 ksps
Data burst randomizer
Long code PN
generatorLong code mask
Repetitive symbol
Walsh code
I Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
Baseband filter
I(t)
Q(t)
∑
QPSK Modulation
Sin(2pfct)
Cos(2pfct)
+
+Baseband
filter
+
+
Q Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
1/2 PN chips Delayed time=406.9ns
Reverse Link: Access ChannelReverse Link: Access Channel Repetitive symbol
28.8 ksps
Code symbol
14.4 ksps4.4 kbps 4.8 kbpsAdd 8 encoder tail
bits
Convolutionencoder
r=1/3,K=9
Symbol repetitionAccess
channel (88
bits/frame)
Block interleaving
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Physical Layer Of IS95Reverse Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)Reverse Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)
8.6kbps9.6kbps
4.8kbps2.4kbps1.2kbps
Add frame quality indicator bits(12,10,8,6)
Add 8 encoded tail
bits
convolution encoder
r=1/3,K=9
Symbol repetition
Reverse traffic channel
Block interleaver
4.0kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps
28.8Ksybps14.4Ksybps7.2Ksybps3.6Ksybps
4.8 kbps (307.2kbps)
PN chips1.2288 Mcps
Orthogonal spreading
Data burst randomizer
Long code PN
generatorLong code mask
Walsh code
I Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
Baseband filter
I(t)
Q(t)
∑QPSK Modulation
Sin(2pfct)
Cos(2pfct)
+
+Baseband
filter
+
+
Q Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)
1/2 PN chips Delayed time=406.9ns
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000Symbol
repetitionDefinition of IS2000’s Channel:
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
Symbol repetition
Forward Channel: F-QPCHForward Channel: F-QPCH
0 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 152047... 4
1.28SF-PCH
F-PCH 80ms
F-QPCH
1 32 4 1 2 3 4
20ms 20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms
A1 B1 A2 B2
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
Forward Channel: F-CCCHForward Channel: F-CCCH
20ms frame (9.6kbps)
172 information bits 12 CRC bits8 encoders
tails bits
20ms frame (38.4kbps)
744 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoders tails bits
10ms frame (38.4kbps)
360 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoders tails bits
172 information bits
16 CRC bits 8 encoders tails bits
5ms frame (38.4kbps)With QPCH together, F-CCCH shared by many mobiles carries mobile-specific messages.
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
F-DCCH is a dedicated signaling
channel.
F-DCCH can carry user data that is
typically low-rate.
Forward Channel: F-DCCHForward Channel: F-DCCH
20ms frames (9.6kbps)
172 information bits12 CRC
bits
8 encoders tails bits
5ms frames (9.6kbps)
24 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoder tails bits
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
Forward Channel: F-SCHForward Channel: F-SCH
64
48
16
32
12
9600 19200 38400 76800 153600 307200 614400
Data rate -bps-
W01 =0
W02 =00
W12 =01
W04 =0000
W24 =0011
W14 =0101
W34 =0110
W08 =00000000
W48 =00001111
W28 =00110011
W68 =00111100
W18 =01010101
W58 =01011010
W38 =01100110
W78 =01101001
( W016 ,W8
16)
( W416 ,W12
16 )
( W216 ,W14
16 )
( W616 ,W14
16 )
( W116 ,W9
16 )
( W516 ,W13
16 )
( W316 ,W11
16 )
( W716 ,W15
16 )
The different Walsh codes corresponding to different data rates
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
The Function of Reverse Pilot Channel
Initialization
Tracing
Reverse Coherent Demodulation
Power Control Measurement
Base station enhances the received
performance and increases the capacity by
means of coherent demodulation of the
Reverse Pilot Channel.
MUX A
Pilot( all '0's)
Power Control Bit
N is the Spreading Rate number
Pilot PowerControl
Power Control Group= 1536 NPN Chips
384 NPN Chips
Reverse Pilot Channel
Reverse Channel: R-PICHReverse Channel: R-PICH
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
The Function of R-EACH
initiate communication with the base station and to respond to
a Paging Channel message
transmit its access request
Reverse Channel: R-EACHReverse Channel: R-EACH
R-EACH DataReverse Pilot Channel
Preamble (All 0s) R-EACH Frame Data
T preamble
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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000
To support data traffic, the R-SCH has two unique characteristics:
only carry user traffic data and does not carry any signaling traffic
Should be set up and torn down rather quickly
Reverse Channel: R-SCHReverse Channel: R-SCH
R-FCH
R-SCH
Bursting data is coming
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RC Combination Regulation
Radio Configuration
Spreading Rate
Max Data Rate* (kbps)
Effective FEC Code Rate
OTD Allowed FEC EncodingModulation
1** 1 9.6 1/2 No Conv. BPSK 2** 1 14.4 3/4 No Conv BPSK
3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK4 1 307.2 1/2 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK5 1 230.4 3/8 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK6 3 307.2 1/6 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK7 3 614.4 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK8 3 460.8 1/4 or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK9 3 1036.8 1/2or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK
RadioConfiguration
SpreadingRate
Max Data Rate*(kbps)
Effective FECCode Rate
OTDAllowed
FEC Encoding Modulation
1** 1 9.6 1/3 No Conv 64-ary ortho 2** 1 14.4 1/2 No Conv 64-ary ortho
3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK(307.2) (1/2)
4 1 230.4 3.8 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK5 3 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK
(614.4) (1/3)6 3 460.8 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK
(1036.8) (1/2)
Reverse Radio Configuration
Forward Radio Configuration
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RC Combination Regulation RC1 and RC2 corresponds respectively
to rate set 1 and rate set 2 in IS- 95A/B
system.
CDMA2000 Forward RC: RC1~RC5
Reverse RC: RC1~RC4
Rules:
Forward RC1, Reverse RC1
Forward RC2, Reverse RC2
Forward RC3 or RC4,Reverse RC3
Forward RC5, Reverse RC4
RC 1
RC 2
RC 3
RC 4
RC 5
RC 1
RC 2
RC 3
RC 4
RC 5
RC 3
RC 4
RC 4
RC 3
F-FCH RCs
R-DCCH/SCH RCsF-DCCH/SCH RCs
R-FCH RCs
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Questions
How many types channels are there in I595 system ? And what
are the functions of these channels ?
What is the function of F-SCH and R-SCH in CDMA 2000 ?
The capacity of CDMA2000 is more than that of IS95, could you
give reasons?
How do you understand radio configuration ?
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading
Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000
Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000
Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning
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Definition of Coverage Areas
Location area
MSC area
PLMN area
Service area
Sectorarea
Cell area
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MIN/IMSI (identity/international mobile subscriber identity )
Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity
For example, 0907550001/460030907550001
15 digits
3 digits 2 digits
IMSI
MCC MNC MSIN
NMSI
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ESN (Electronic Serial Number )
023 17 ……18……2431 ……
Manufacturer’s number
Retained Equipment SN
A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single MS. An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:
For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.
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MDN (Mobile directory number)
CC + MAC + H0H
1H
2H
3 + ABCD
International mobile subscriber DN
National valid mobile subscriber number
Mobile directory number
For example, 8613307550001
subscriber number
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TLDN (Temporary local directory number)
+CC MAC H0H 1H2 ABC+ ++44
Temporary local directory number
For example, 8613344755001
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Location Area Identity (LAI)
PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of
which depends on traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling
flow , etc.
Format: MCC+MNC+LAC
MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is
460.
MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the
MNC of Unicom is 03.
LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD
code. 0000 cannot be used with FFFE.
For example, 460030100
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Global Cell Identity (GCI)
The unique ID of a cell in PLMN
Format: LAI+CI
CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code, pre
defined by the engineering department. The first 3 digits and
the last digit represent the base station number and the sector
number respectively. For an omni-directional site, the last digit
of CI is 0.
For example, 4600301001230 shows base station number 123
contains an omni-directional site
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SID/NID
In the CDMA2000 1X network, the service area consists of systems
and networks that are identified respectively by the system
identification (SID) and network identification (NID).
The system judges whether the MS is roaming according to the SID
and NID.
NID= t
NID= u NID= v
SID=L
SID=N
SID=K
SID=M
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Summary
The difference of three types of multi-access
The function of each process in
communication mode
Three key techniques
The physical layer of IS95 and CDMA2000
SummarySummary
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