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Introduction to

Biotechnology

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BiotechnologyBiotechnology helps to

meet our basic needs.Food, clothing, shelter,

health and safety

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BiotechnologyImprovements by using

scienceScience helps in

production plants, animalsand other organisms

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Biotechnology Also used in

maintaining a goodenvironment that

promotes our wellbeing

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BiotechnologyUsing scientific processes

to get new organisms ornew products from

organisms.

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BiotechnologyLarge area

Includes manyapproaches and methods

in science and technology

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ffice of !ech

 Assessment "efinition  Any techni#ue that uses

living organisms orsubstances from those

organisms to ma$e or modify

a product, to improve plants

or animals%.

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&ont.r to develop

microorganisms forspecific uses.

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 Agricultural 'iew All of the applied science

based operations inproducing food, fiber,

shelter, and relatedproducts

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 Agricultural 'iew(il$ production

)ew horticultural andornamental plants

*ildlife, a#uaculture, naturalresources and environmentalmanagement

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Horticulture is the science, technology,

and business involved in intensive plant cultivationfor human use

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ornamental plants

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 A#uaculture

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(ultidisciplinaryInvolves many disciplines

or branches of learningIncludes all areas of Life

Sciences

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rganismic Biotech*or$ing with complete, intact

organisms or their cellsrganisms are not

genetically changed with

artificial means

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rganismic Biotech+elp the organism live better

or be more productiveoal - improve organisms

and the conditions in whichthey grow

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rganismic BiotechStudy and use natural

genetic variations&loning is an eample of

organismic biotech

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&loning/rocess of producing a new

organism from cells ortissues of eisting organism.

0112 cloned sheep - 3"olly4in 5dinburgh Scotland

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(olecular Biotech&hanging the genetic

ma$e6up of an organism Altering the structure and

parts of cells&omple7

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(olecular BiotechUses genetic engineering,

molecular mapping andsimilar processes

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enetic 5ngineering&hanging the genetic

information in a cellSpecific trait of one organism

may be isolated,cut, and

moved into the cell ofanother organism

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!ransgenic8esults of en. 5ng. Are

said to be 3transgenic4enetic material in an

organism has been altered

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Biotech eamples (edicine

 Agriculture 5nvironment

Forestry

Food and beverage processing

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(edicineSome new developments

delve into the hereditarymaterial of humans $nown

as gene therapy

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(edicine !herapeutant 6 product used to

maintain health or preventdisease

Biopharmaceuticals - drug orvaccine developed throughbiotechnology

&alled designer drugs

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Biopharmaceuticals

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(edicine Biopharming - production of

pharmaceuticals in culturedorganisms

&ombination of the

agriculture andpharmaceutical industries

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(edicine&ertain blood - derived

products needed in humanmedicine can be produced

in the mil$ of goats

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5nvironment Any biotechnological process

that may promote a good

environment rganisms developed during the

gulf war to 3eat4 oil

rganism used in gold mining to3eat4 contaminants

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!he last 9and only: defense

against the ongoing "eepwater+ori;on oil spill in the ulf of

(eico is tiny<billions of

hydrocarbon6chewing microbes,

such as Alcanivorax

borkumensis. In fact, the

primary motive for using the

more than =>?,??? gallons of

chemical dispersants on the oil

slic$ both above and below thesurface of the sea is to brea$

the oil into smaller droplets that

bacteria can more easily

consume.

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5nvironmental/roblems naturally solved

by microorganisms suchas bacteria, fungi brea$down contaminant into a

form less harmful or notharmful

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 Ag and Forestry/lant biotech

 Animal biotech

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/lant biotech Improve plants and the

products produced from them

Insect and disease resistance

5ngineered to have desired

characteristics

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/lant biotech&orn plant produced with

high levels of the aminoacid Lysine

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 Animal Biotech Improve animals or the

products they produce Animals may be used to

produce products thatpromote human health

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 Animal Biotech Increase productivity

/igs engineered toproduce human

hemoglobin

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Food and Beverages

Use of technology in

producing and processing Some biotech principles

have been employed for

hundreds of years @east in ba$ing bread

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Food and Bev.enetically altered crops

rB+ mil$

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Biotechnology +elps meet human needs

Food, clothing and shelter  /lants and animals are used

in manufacturing food,clothing and materials forshelter 

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BiotechnologyUsed to ma$e products

more useful or desirable5 conversion of mil$ into

cheese or yogurt

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5fficiency(ust $eep the cost of

improving products as lowas possible

Biotech results in greaterefficiency

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5fficiency Inoculating legume seeds

with bacteria that allow theplant to pull nitrogen out ofthe air and put it into the soil

Saves the producer the costof applying ) fertili;er 

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5fficiency8esults in trees that grow

faster and produce woodthat is more desirable

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reater /roduction Increases yields

bS! use in cows to producemore mil$

+igher crop yields fromdrought, disease insectresistant crops

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+ealth /romoting Foods

Food with uni#ue traits

Some containtherapeutants

Some designed withnutrient enrichment

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Safety

&onsumers want foods to

provide needed nutrients andin some cases, enhancedfoods

"o not want side effects fromthose enhanced foods

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5asy preparation

Flavr6Savr !omato

8eached the mar$et inearly 011?Cs

5ngineered to have alonger shelf life

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Flavr6Savr 

)o soft spots

)o rotten spots!omato resists spoilage

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Synthetic biology

&reating lifeli$e

characteristics through theuse of chemicals

Based on creating structures

similar to those found inliving organisms

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Synthetic Biology

)eed for synthetic cells lead

to the development of thevesicle

'esicle - tiny rounded

structure with cell li$e traits

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'esicle

!iny structures similar tosoap bubbles were createdto serve as the cellmembrane

'isible only with powerfulmicroscope

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'esicle

nce the cell membrane

has been successfullydeveloped, development

of the materials with thecell is initiated.

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Synthetic biology

Is important because itbrings science closer tocreating life in the lab

&ells and tissues may be

developed to treat humaninDury and disease

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