1. F2013 Age of Chaucer - Introduction
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Transcript of 1. F2013 Age of Chaucer - Introduction
EnglandAge of Chaucer
John of Gaunt
Yersinia pestis
Richard II
People (Pilgrims)
Possessions of the English King
William the Conqueror1087
Possessions of the English KingHenry I ~1135
Continental Possessions Henry II 1154-1184
Thomas a Becket
• Advisor, administrator for Henry II
• Archbishop of Canterbury
• Assassinated 1170
Reliquary Chasse with Scenes of the Martyrdom 1173-1180 Metropolitan Museum of Art
Richard IEnglish LossesFrench Gains
Losses on the borders of Aquitaine
Loss of territory by John
Scotland: Problems of Succession
Scotland: Wars of Independence
1. Inverurie (1307)2. Methven (1306)3. Pass of Brander (1307)4. Dalry (1306)5. Dupplin Moor (1332)6. Stirling Bridge(1297)7. Bannockburn (1314)8. Falkirk (1298)9. Dunbar (1296)10. Loudon Hill (1307)
Presentations on the Web
www.slideshare.net/robehrlich
Edward II – Defeat and DepositionJennifer Paxton
• First (English) Prince of Wales • Scotland continued• French connection• Favoritism and a sordid life and death(?)– Marlowe– Brecht
Strike 1: Gaveston
• Gascon• Appointment to a position with control of
patronage and hence an object of resentment• Ordinances formalize role and meeting of
parliament; banish Gaveston• His return is marked by a trial and execution
Strike 2: Scotland
1314 Defeat at BannockburnGreat famine
Strike 3: The DespensersIsabella and Mortimer
• Power given to the Despenser family– Corruption– Rebellion joined by Mortimers
• Queen Isabella and her lover, Mortimer– Invasion– Execution of Despenser
Out
• Abdication of Edward II in favor of his young son, Edward III
• Murder of Edward II at Berkeley Castle
Wine - Vintnerstun = 256 gallons
Chaucer Family
Wines
• Sweet wine – Spain• Caprike – Cyprus or Capri• Fortified - Portugal• White – Chablis• Bitter (vinegar)• Bordelaise and Haut Pays
WineGascon Wine Production
13th CBordelaise and Haut-Pays
Wine Trade
• Gascon Charter (1302) – Safe conduct– Free trade in exchange for a fixed duty
• Carta Mercatoria (1303) – Extended to all merchants
• Increasing importance of English importers
Wine Producers
• Area switches to grapes and wine production• Importer of grain from/through England
Wine Consumers
• Royal and noble households– Imported through royal butler– Best wine reserved fro royal table– More than a million bottles for the wedding of Edward II– Wine as gifts and for troops
• Lesser households– Problems of adulteration and substitution
• Taverns• Maximum prices set
Wine Costs
• Producer costs– Weather fluctuations– Labor
• Transport– Protection of the fleet
• Costs in England– Unloading– Retailer markup– Price controls
Vintner’s Company
• People of the same trade– Live in the same area– Attend the same church– Organize into livery
companies
• 1363 Charter gives it a monopoly on the wine trade with Gascony– Retained in City until 2006– Right of Swan Upping
Vintner’s CompanyFeast of Five Kings
Prominent Vintners - Mayors
• Henry de Waleys 1273–4, 1281–4, and 1298–9• Sir Richer Refham (son of vintner) 1310-11• John de Gisors 1311-13, 1314-15• Henry Picard 1357 (Feast of Five Kings)
• Richard Lyons (corrupt) financier, warden of the mint
London 1300
Vintry Ward
Next Week Edward III
• Edward III• Continuing problems in Scotland• War with France• Wool and the Merchant
Wheel of FortuneHolkham Bible1320-1330
I ruleI have ruled I am without a kingdomI shall rule