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Transcript of 1 Ergonomics for the "General Practitioner" Cindy Burt, MS, OTR/L, CPE Injury Prevention Program...
![Page 1: 1 Ergonomics for the "General Practitioner" Cindy Burt, MS, OTR/L, CPE Injury Prevention Program Manager UCLA.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020721/56649d055503460f949d8b45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Ergonomics for the
"General Practitioner"
Cindy Burt, MS, OTR/L, CPE
Injury Prevention Program Manager
UCLA
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Learning Objectives
o Define ergonomics
o Identify high return interventions
o Sell ergonomics
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History of Ergonomicso Industrial Revolution
o Steel industry (shovels)
o Henry Fordo Assembly line design
o Frank and Lillian
Gilbreth o Micro-motion studies (i.e.
today’s surgical techniques)
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History of Ergonomicso World Wars
o Aircraft, weapon design
o Cold Waro Nuclear power
plants
o Todayo Industry, hospitals,
offices, product design
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Ergonomics TodayMatching the job, work tools, and workplace
to the worker.
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Ergonomics
Employee Concerns– Comfort – Fatigue– Injuries– Job satisfaction
• Decreased boredom• Decreased stress• Reasonable workloads
Employer Concerns– Worker’s comp costs– Productivity – Errors– Products– Profit
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Results of Poor Ergonomic Design
o Discomfort and fatigueo Injuries and accidents
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Musculoskeletal Disorders
o Neckso Backs o Arm and hando Knee and foot
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What Causes These Injuries?
Force
Personal Environment
Posture
Repetition
Risk Factors
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Poor Ergonomics
o Decreased efficiency
o Decreased productivity
o Errors
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Poor Ergonomic Design
o Turnover
o Absenteeism
o Job avoidance
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How Do I Get Started?
o Pick your fights
o Sell your service
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What Should I Look For?
Awkward postures
Repetition
Force
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Where Should I Look?
Offices and Telecommuters
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Where Should I Look?
Laboratories
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Where Should I Look?
Hospitals
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Where Should I Look?
Facilities
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Where Should I Look?
Shops
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Where Should I Look?
Grounds
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Where Should I Look? o Housekeeping
o Dining
o Housing
o Student stores
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What Can Ergonomics Do?
• ↓ discomfort
• ↓ accidents and injuries
• ↑ accuracy
• ↑ efficiency
• ↑ satisfaction
• ↑ job retention
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How Do I Start?
Identify problems– Complaints of discomfort– Symptom surveys– Near misses– Accidents– Injuries– Errors– High turnover
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What Tools Can I Use?
• Anthropometry tables
• Body discomfort maps
• Hazard check lists
• NIOSH Lifting Equation
• Washington Ergonomics Lifting Calculator
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What is Anthropometry?Measurement of people
o Match size and strength with work environment and tools
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Why Does Match Matter? o Average is not good enough
o Need to consider reaches and clearances
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Who Should We Match?o Central 90 percent
o Disregard extreme body sizes
o Try to fit males/females from 20-65 yrs
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What is the Golden Rule?
Design so the small
woman can reach, and
the large man can fit.
S.
Konz
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What Rule Would You Use Here?
Design so the small
woman can reach, and
the large man can fit.
S.
Konz
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What Rule Would You Use Here?
Design so the small woman can reach, and
the large man can fit.
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Accommodating Reach • How low can we
place materials these workers have to reach?
• How high can a shelf be placed holding work materials?
Golden Rule: Place objects between knee and shoulder height.
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How Do I Make a Quick Impact?
Computer workstations – On-line training – Ergo evaluators
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How Do I Make a Quick Impact?
Reduce lifting– Lifting equipment – Job redesign
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Manual Materials Handling
o Golden rule– Eliminate lifts
o When you can’t– Keep it off the floor– Reduce lifts
• Conveyors, dollies• Adjust work flow
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Making a Difference
If they have to lift, teach them how!– High risk groups first– Then campus-wide
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How Should You Lift?
Stoop
SquatSemi-squat
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Stoopo Can get close to load
o Less effort and energy than squatting
o Fast
….but it increases strain on low back
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Squat
Limits strain on low back
….but it is difficult to keep load close
….requires increased effort and energy
….and it is inefficient
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Semi-Squat Lift
o Less work
o Preferred for lifting heavy objects on occasional basis
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Squat and Semi-Squat Liftso More protective of back
o Preferred by injured workers
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There are no “right” or “correct” ways to sit, stand or
lift....
However, there are more and less demanding ways!
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Keep It Simple o Staggered stance o Keep it close
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Keep It Simple o Build a Bridge o Feet first
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Build a Team
o Ergonomisto Safety professionalso Health care team o Risk managemento Rehab counselorso Facilities/Designo Purchasingo Managerso Employees
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It’s all about dollars…o Average cost /CTS
claim = $37,552 or…
o Average cost /back injury = $47,954 or…
WC Research Institute for CA Claims
1,565 pizzas (1 pizza/week for 30 years)
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Prove Your Value!
For every direct dollar spent–OSHA estimates
»$3-7 indirect dollars spent
–Liberty Mutual estimates»$2-5 indirect dollars spent
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MSD Costs
Injury Type Direct Costs
Indirect Costs Total Costs
CTS $17,000 $350/lost day $11-112,000
Neck/back strain
$32,000 $350/lost day $38-225,000
UCLA statistics
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Cost Justification - Injuries
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Cost Justification
Benefits of Ergonomics
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Cost Justification - Regulatory
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It’s the Law!CA Code of Regulations 5110 Repetitive Motion
Injurieso Scope– 2 injuries within 12 months– Identical work activity
o Response– Worksite evaluation– Exposure control and training
o Training requirements– Review ergonomics program– Exposures– Symptoms/injuries and reporting guidelines– Methods used to minimize repetitive motion injuries
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Useful References
o Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, 3rd Edition. National Safety Council Pgs. 283-334
o Industrial Hygiene Engineering, 2nd Edition. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pgs. 702-765
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Useful Referenceso The Occupational Environmental – Its
Evaluation and Control, 2nd Edition, AIHA, Section 4, The Human Environment at Work.
o Kodak’s Ergonomic Design for People at Work, 2nd Edition, Chengalur, Rodgers and Bernard, 2004.
o Fitting the Task to the Human, 5th Edition, Kroemer & Grandjean, 1997.
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Useful Internet Sites www.ergonomics.ucla.edu
www.me.berkeley.edu/ergo/
www.uhs.berkeley.edu/facstaff/ergonomics/index.shtml
www.llnl.gov/ergo/welcome.html
www.busserv.ucsb.edu/irp/ergo/tsr.htm
ehs.ucsc.edu/safety/ergonomics.php
blink.ucsd.edu/Blink/External/Topics/Policy/0,1162,4008,00.html
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Useful Internet Sites
http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/
www.3m.com/cws/selfhelp/index.html
www.pc.ibm.com/ww/healthycomputing
www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/REU/REU_WhatsNew.html
www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html
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Useful Internet Sites
www.niehs.nih.gov/odhsb/ergoguid/home.htm
www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Topics/Ergonomics/default.asp
www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/
www.bcpe.org (Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics)
www.hfes.org (Human Factors Society)
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Thank you!
Cindy Burt, MS, OTR/L, CPE
UCLA Injury Prevention Program Manager
501 Westwood Plaza 4th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1605
www.ergonomics.ucla.edu
310-794-5329